CEN/TR 17739:2021
(Main)Algae and algae products - Specifications for chemicals and biofuels sector applications
Algae and algae products - Specifications for chemicals and biofuels sector applications
The purpose of this document is to provide an overview on how quality indicating parameters for algae and algae products and intermediates relevant for chemical and bioenergy applications can be handled and to identify the need for future standards development for chemicals, bioenergy and biofuels applications.
This document does not provide instructions on handling of technical requirements in existing legislations.
Algen und algenbasierte Produkte - Spezifikationen für Anwendungen im Chemie- und Biokraftstoffsektor
Algues et produits d’algues - Spécifications pour les applications dans le secteur de la chimie et de la bioénergie
L’objectif du présent document est de fournir une vue d’ensemble sur les possibilités pertinentes de gestion des paramètres indiquant la qualité des algues et produits d’algues utilisés pour les applications dans le secteur de la chimie et de la bioénergie et pour l’identification des futurs besoins en matière d’élaboration de normes pour les applications dans le secteur des produits chimiques, de la bioénergie et des biocarburants.
Le présent document ne fournit pas d’instructions relatives aux exigences techniques requises selon les législations existantes.
Alge in izdelki iz alg - Specifikacije za uporabo v kemijskem in bioenergetskem sektorju
To tehnično poročilo opisuje oznake kakovosti ter navedbe za alge in proizvode, pridobljene neposredno iz proizvodnje alg, ki jih zahtevajo proizvajalci kemikalij in biogoriv ter industrija. Ne velja za sektor hrane in krme.
Opomba: To tehnično poročilo ne vsebuje navodil za obstoječo obravnavo tehničnih zahtev v okviru obstoječe zakonodaje.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2022
Alge in izdelki iz alg - Specifikacije za uporabo v kemijskem in bioenergetskem
sektorju
Algae and algae products - Specifications for chemicals and biofuels sector applications
Algen und algenbasierte Produkte - Spezifikationen für Anwendungen im Chemie- und
Biokraftstoffsektor
Algues et produits d’algues - Spécifications pour les applications dans le secteur de la
chimie et de la bioénergie
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 17739:2021
ICS:
13.020.55 Biološki izdelki Biobased products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
CEN/TR 17739
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
December 2021
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 13.020.55
English Version
Algae and algae products - Specifications for chemicals and
biofuels sector applications
Algues et produits d'algues - Spécifications pour les Algen und algenbasierte Produkte - Spezifikationen für
applications dans le secteur de la chimie et de la Anwendungen im Chemie- und Biokraftstoffsektor
bioénergie
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 5 December 2021. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
454.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 17739:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Algae products applications as chemical raw materials . 8
5 Biofuels from algae . 10
6 Algal product characteristics and test methods . 16
7 Sustainable development . 19
8 Algae LCA. 21
Annex A (informative) Raw Material Specifications examples . 23
A.1 Example 1 of microalga biomass specifications . 23
A.2 Example 2 of cyanobacterium biomass specifications . 25
A.3 Example 3 of macroalgae biomass specifications . 29
Annex B (Informative) Technical Data Sheets (TDS) examples . 34
B.1 Example of microalga biomass Data Sheet . 34
B.2 Example of cyanobacterium biomass Data Sheet . 35
B.3 Example of macroalga biomass Data Sheet . 36
Annex C (Informative) FPR Regulation . 38
Annex D (Informative) Algae based biostimulant . 40
Annex E (Informative) EU fertilisers contaminants table (Reg 1009/2019 EU) . 41
Annex F (Informative) Algae extracts . 43
F.1 Algae extracts for chemical purposes . 43
F.2 Solvent extraction vs CO -Extraction . 44
F.3 Algae biomass CO -Exaction . 44
F.4 Algae biomass solvent-Extraction . 45
Annex G (Informative) Algae biofuels literature overview. 46
Bibliography . 50
European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 17739:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 454 “Algae
and algae products”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
The European committee for Standardisation (CEN) was requested by the European Commission (EC) to
draft European standards or European standardisation deliverables to support the implementation of
Article 3 of Directive 2009/28/EC for algae and algae products or intermediates. The request presented
as Mandate M/547, also contributes to the Communication on “Innovating for Sustainable Growth: A Bio
economy for Europe”.
The former working group CEN Technical Board Working Group 218 “Algae” was created in 2016 to
develop a work programme as part of the Mandate. The technical committee CEN/ TC 454 “Algae and
algae products” was established to carry out the work program the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
CEN TC 454 set up a number of topic specific working Groups listed below to develop standards for algae
and algae products.
This document has been prepared by Working Group 5 “Specifications for the chemicals and fuels
applications sector” with the support of UNI as the secretariat, in close collaboration with the other CEN
TC 454 working groups:
CEN TC 454 WG 1 “Terminology”
CEN TC 454 WG 2 “Identification”
CEN TC 454 WG 3 “Productivity”
CEN TC 454 WG 4 “Specifications for food/feed sectors applications”
CEN TC 454 WG 6 “Product test methods”
The interest in algae and algae-based products or intermediates as a renewable and sustainable source
of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and pigments has increased significantly in Europe.
Algae-based products and intermediates, in this TR referred to as ‘products’, are defined as whole
biomass, extracts or derivatives from algae, including algae oil and algal meal.
This document will allow the stakeholders to have access to a clear point of reference on the use of algae
in technical applications.
Algae as raw materials have specific challenges and show a wide potential from sustainability and blue
economy point of view. This document aims helping to fill this gap.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
The interest in algae and algae-based products or intermediates as a renewable and sustainable source
of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and pigments has increased significantly in Europe.
The biochemical composition of algae with regard to the ratio of usable components is unique and the
selected conversion pathway determines the kind of products that can be obtained.
Algae are available and used in many countries as fertiliser, biostimulant, animal feed, medicine, cosmetic
and food ingredients, and can provide different compounds depending on species. Due to the high interest
in replacing fossil feedstock for chemicals and fuels by biological ones, as algae, several pilot initiatives
have been undertaken in last decades. Results strongly vary, as many techno-economic parameters are
expected to influence the success of an algae related initiative.
Cultivation of algae has advantages over other sources of biomass, since they can be cultivated on
marginal lands and unused aquatic areas, generating new economic opportunities for poor soil and
aquatic areas, which would not have traditionally been used.
Due to their relatively simple cellular structure, algae have a large biomass productivity per unit area.
Algae are of great ecological importance, since they act in the capture of atmospheric CO and can be used
as wastewater treatment, due to their capacity to remove nutrients, as their growth requires sunlight,
water, CO and nutrients.
1 Scope
The purpose of this document is to provide an overview on how quality indicating parameters for algae
and algae products and intermediates relevant for chemical and bioenergy applications can be handled
and to identify the need for future standards development for chemicals, bioenergy and biofuels
applications.
This document does not provide instructions on handling of technical requirements in existing
legislations.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 17399:2020, Algae and algae products - Terms and definitions
EN 14214, Liquid petroleum products - Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel engines and heating
applications - Requirements and test methods
EN 590, Automotive fuels - Diesel - Requirements and test methods
EN 16734, Automotive fuels - Automotive B10 diesel fuel - Requirements and test methods
EN 16709, Automotive fuels - High FAME diesel fuel (B20 and B30) - Requirements and test methods
EN 16723-1, Natural gas and biomethane for use in transport and biomethane for injection in the natural
gas network - Part 1: Specifications for biomethane for injection in the natural gas network
EN 14103, Fat and oil derivatives - Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) - Determination of ester and linolenic
acid methyl ester contents
EN 17477, Algae and algae products - Identification of the biomass of microalgae, macroalgae,
cyanobacteria and Labyrithulomycetes - Detection and identification with morphological and/or molecular
methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 17399:2020 and the following
apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
Raw Material Specification
RMS
technical dossier, several pages long, about the product, usually prepared by manufacturer, directed to
provide all product approval information to the customer and usually attached to commercial contract
Note 1 to entry: Examples of models of RMS for some algae categories are reported in Annex A.
3.2
Technical Data Sheet
TDS
technical document, one (or few) page long, showing the technical (bio- and physicochemical)
parameters adopted to characterize the product and therefore being the paradigm of the Certificate of
Analysis (CoA)
Note 1 to entry: It includes ranges of different parameters used to define the product characteristics or applicable
regulatory limits.
Note 2 to entry: Examples of Models of TDS for some algae categories are reported in Annex B.
Note 3 to entry: In cases where the producer wants to make statements regarding the algal product as a bio-based
product EN 16848 and EN 16935 should be used.
3.3
Certificate of Analysis
CoA
one (or few) page document issued from a laboratory (or laboratories) and reporting test results for a
specific lot, usually in front of TDS parameters, including references to test method
Note 1 to entry: It may or may not have legal value.
3.4
Material Safety Data Sheet
MSDS
SDS
document issued with the aim of providing information about product compliance in respect of human
health and safety at the workplace and protection of the environment
Note 1 to entry: The MSDS should comply with Reg 1907/2006 (REACH).
3.5
sustainable development
development that meets the environmental, social and economic needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generatio
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