EN 1757-1:2001
(Main)Safety of industrial trucks - Pedestrian propelled trucks - Part 1: Stacker trucks
Safety of industrial trucks - Pedestrian propelled trucks - Part 1: Stacker trucks
This standard applies to manually propelled straddle, pallet and platform stacker trucks with capacities not exceeding 1000 kg. For the purposes of this standard a manually propelled stacker truck (hereinafter referred to as a "truck") is a masted truck, equipped with forks, a platform, or other load handling device. The truck shall be designed to be manually pushed or pulled on a substantially horizontal hard surface by one pedestrian operator. The load maybe raised by either manual means or electrical battery power.
Sicherheit von Flurförderzeugen - Handbetriebene Flurförderzeuge - Teil 1 : Stapler
Diese Norm findet Anwendung auf handbetriebene Stapler wie Spreizenstapler, Gabelhochhubwagen und Hochhubwagen entsprechend der Definition in 3.1 mit einer Tragfähigkeit bis 1000 kg, nachfolgend als ¿Stapler" bezeichnet, die mit Gabelzinken, Plattformen oder anderen Einrichtungen ausgerüstet sind.
Diese Norm findet Anwendung auf Stapler mit manuellem oder batterieelektrisch angetriebenem Hubwerk.
Fest eingebaute Batterieladegeräte sind Bestandteil des Staplers.
Anbaugeräte und Gabeln werden in dieser Norm nicht behandelt.
Diese Norm behandelt die technischen Anforderungen, um die in Abschnitt 4 aufgeführten Gefährdungen zu minimieren, die während der Inbetriebnahme, des Betriebes und der Instandhaltung von Staplern in Übereinstimmung mit den Vorgaben des Herstellers entstehen können.
Zusätzlich müssen Stapler bezüglich der durch diese Norm nicht abgedeckten Gefährdungen mit den anwendbaren horizontalen Normen und, sofern zweckmäßig, mit der EN 292 übereinstimmen.
Diese Norm legt keine zusätzlichen Anforderungen fest für:
¾ den Betrieb unter erschwerten Bedingungen (z. B. extreme Umgebungsbedingungen, wie z. B. Kühlhausbetrieb, hohe Temperaturen, korrosive Umgebung, starke Magnetfelder),
¾ den Betrieb unter besonderen Voraussetzungen (z. B. mögliche explosionsfähige Atmosphäre),
¾ die elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit (Emission, Widerstandsfähigkeit),
¾ die Handhabung von Lasten, deren Eigenschaften zu gefährlichen Situationen führen können (z. B. feuerflüssige Massen, Säuren/Basen, radioaktive Materialien, besonders brüchige Lasten),
¾ Gefährdungen, die während der Konstruktion, des Transportes, der Stilllegung und der Verschrottung auftreten,
¾ Gefährdungen durch den Transport von hängenden Lasten, die frei pendeln können,
¾ Gefährdungen durch Verwendung auf öffentlichen Straßen
Sécurité des chariots de manutention - Chariots manuels - Partie 1: Gerbeurs
1.1 Cette norme s'applique aux gerbeurs manuels de manutention à fourche entre longerons, à fourche recouvrante et à plate-forme définis au point 3.1, de capacité n'excédant pas 1 000 kg appelés ci-après "gerbeurs" équipés de bras de fourche ou de plates-formes ou d'autres équipements.
Cette norme s'applique aux chariots à levage manuel ou électrique par batterie.
Les chargeurs embarqués font partie du gerbeur.
1.2 Les équipements et les bras de fourche ne sont pas traités dans cette norme.
1.3 Cette norme traite des exigences techniques pour minimiser les dangers, listés au chapitre 4, qui peuvent apparaître pendant la mise en service, le fonctionnement et la maintenance des gerbeurs lorsqu'ils sont utilisés conformément aux spécifications du constructeur.
De plus, les gerbeurs doivent se conformer, pour les risques non couverts par cette norme, aux normes horizontales applicables et à l'EN 292 si c'est approprié.
1.4 Cette norme ne donne pas les exigences complémentaires pour :
¾ l'utilisation dans des conditions sévères (par exemple des conditions d'environnement extrême telles que : applications frigorifiques, hautes températures, environnements corrosifs, champs magnétiques intenses) ;
¾ l'utilisation dans des conditions particulières (par exemple : atmosphères potentiellement explosibles) ;
¾ la compatibilité électromagnétique (émission, immunité) ;
¾ la manutention de charges dont la nature peut conduire à des situations dangereuses (par exemple : métal en fusion, acide/base, matériaux émetteurs de radiations, charges particulièrement fragiles) ;
¾ dangers apparaissant pendant la construction, le transport, la mise hors service, la mise au rebut ;
¾ risques durant la manutention de charges qui peuvent osciller librement ;
¾ risques pendant l'utilisation sur la voie publique ;
¾ la pression du vent en service et hors service ;
¾ le contact direct avec les denrées alimentaires ;
Varnost vozil za talni transport - Ročno gnana vozila - 1. del: Skladalniki
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 1757-1:2002
01-maj-2002
9DUQRVWYR]LO]DWDOQLWUDQVSRUW5RþQRJQDQDYR]LODGHO 6NODGDOQLNL
Safety of industrial trucks - Pedestrian propelled trucks - Part 1: Stacker trucks
Sicherheit von Flurförderzeugen - Handbetriebene Flurförderzeuge - Teil 1 : Stapler
Sécurité des chariots de manutention - Chariots manuels - Partie 1: Gerbeurs
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1757-1:2001
ICS:
53.060 Industrijski tovornjaki Industrial trucks
SIST EN 1757-1:2002 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 1757-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
May 2001
ICS 53.060
English version
Safety of industrial trucks - Pedestrian propelled trucks - Part 1:
Stacker trucks
Sécurité des chariots de manutention - Chariots manuels - Sicherheit von Flurförderzeugen - Handbetriebene
Partie 1: Gerbeurs Flurförderzeuge - Teil 1 : Stapler
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 April 2001.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2001 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1757-1:2001 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN 1757-1:2001
Contents
Page
Foreword.3
0 Introduction.5
1 Scope.5
2 Normative references.6
3 Terms and definitions .6
4 List of hazards .8
5 Requirements.11
5.1 General.11
5.2 Design and construction forces for truck.11
5.3 Propelling, steering.11
5.4 Load handling controls .13
5.5 Lifting systems.13
5.6 Protective devices .15
5.7 Parking brake .16
5.8 Stability.16
5.9 Protection against crushing, shearing and entanglement points .16
5.10 Edges and angles.16
5.11 Additional requirements for trucks with battery powered lifting.16
6 Verifications of safety requirements and/or measures .16
6.1 General.16
6.2 Design verification on truck type .17
6.3 Functional routine verification .17
6.4 Inspection after tests .18
7 Information for use.18
7.1 Instruction handbook.18
7.2 Minimum marking.20
Annex A (normative) Method for measurement of forces (F).22
Annex B (normative) Stability tests for pedestrian propelled industrial stacker trucks .25
Annex Z (informative) Relationship of this document with EC Directives. .28
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EN 1757-1:2001
Foreword
This European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 150 "Industrial Trucks - Safety",
the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn
at the latest by Novemeber 2001.
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s).
For relationship with EC Directive(s), see informative Annex Z, which is an integral part of this standard.
This European Standard is one of a series of European Standards for the safety of Industrial trucks. This
series of standards includes :
EN 1175 -1 Safety of industrial trucks - Electrical requirements - Part 1 : General requirement for
battery powered trucks
EN 1175-2 Safety of industrial trucks - Electrical requirements - Part 2 : General requirements
for internal combustion engine powered trucks
EN 1175-3 Safety of industrial trucks - Electrical requirements - Part 3 : Specific requirements
for the electrical power transmission systems of internal combustion engine powered
trucks
EN 1459 Safety of industrial trucks - Self-propelled variable reach trucks
EN 1525 Safety of industrial trucks - Driverless trucks and their systems
EN 1526 Safety of industrial trucks - Additional requirements for automated functions on
trucks
EN 1551 Safety of industrial trucks – Self propelled trucks over 10 000 kg capacity
EN 1726-1 Safety of industrial trucks – Self-propelled trucks up to and including 10 000 kg
capacity and industrial tractors with a draw bar pull up to and including 20 000 N -
Part 1 : General requirements
EN 1726-2 Safety of industrial trucks – Self-propelled trucks up to and including 10 000 kg
capacity and industrial tractors with a draw bar pull up to and including 20 000 N -
Part 2 : Additional requirements for trucks with elevating operator position and trucks
specifically designed to travel with elevated loads
EN 1755 Safety of industrial trucks - Operation in potentially explosive atmospheres – Use in
flammable gas, vapour, mist and dust
EN 1757-1 Safety of industrial trucks - Pedestrian propelled trucks - Part 1 : Stacker trucks
EN 1757-2 Safety of industrial trucks - Pedestrian propelled trucks - Part 2 : Pallet trucks
prEN 1757-3:1997 Safety of industrial trucks - Pedestrian propelled trucks - Part 3 : Platform trucks
prEN 1757-4:1997 Safety of industrial trucks - Pedestrian propelled trucks - Part 4 : Scissor lift pallet
trucks
prEN 12053:2000 Safety of industrial trucks - Test methods for measuring noise emissions
EN 12895 Industrial trucks - Electromagnetic compatibility
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EN 1757-1:2001
prEN 13059:1997 Safety of industrial trucks - Test methods for measuring vibration
prEN ISO 13564:1996 Test methods for measuring visibility from self-propelled trucks (ISO/DIS
13564:1996)
The annexes A and B are normative.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
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EN 1757-1:2001
0 Introduction
This standard has been prepared to be a harmonised standard to provide one means of conforming with the
essential safety requirements of the Machinery Directive and associated EFTA Regulations.
This European standard is a type C standard as stated in EN 1070.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are covered are
indicated in the scope of this standard.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines
that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
With the aim of clarifying the intention of the standard and avoiding doubts when reading it, the following
assumptions were made when producing it :
- only competent persons operate the machine
- components without specific requirements are designed in accordance with usual engineering practice and
calculation code, including all failure modes.
1 Scope
1.1 This standard applies to straddle, pallet and platform pedestrian propelled stacking industrial trucks
as defined in 3.1 with capacities not exceeding 1 000 kg, hereinafter referred to as "trucks" equipped with fork
arms or platform or other attachment.
This standard applies to trucks provided with either manual or electrical battery powered lifting.
On board battery chargers are part of the truck.
1.2 Attachments and fork arms are not dealt with in this standard.
1.3 This standard deals with the technical requirements to minimise the hazards listed in clause 4 which
can arise during commissioning, operation and maintenance of trucks when carried out in accordance with the
specifications as intended by the manufacturer.
In addition trucks shall comply, for the hazards not covered by this standard, with the applicable companion
standards and as appropriate with EN 292.
1.4 This standard does not establish the additional requirements for :
- operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme environmental conditions such as : freezer applications, high
temperatures, corrosive environment, strong magnetic fields),
- operation subject to special rules (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres),
- electromagnetic compatibility (emission - immunity),
- handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metal, acids/alcalies,
radiating materials, specially brittle loads),
- hazards occurring during construction, transportation, decommissioning and disposal,
- hazards occurring when using to handle suspended loads which may swing freely,
- hazards occurring when using on public roads,
- wind pressure in and out of use,
- direct contact with foodstuffs,
- operation on gradients or on surfaces other than smooth, level, hard surfaces,
- winch operated trucks,
- lifting systems using belts,
- lifting of persons,
- trucks with overturning moment greater than 40 000 N m.
1.5 Other possible limitations of the scope of other standards referred to that also apply to this standard.
1.6 Hazards relevant to noise, vibration, visibility and static electricity are not dealt with in this standard.
1.7 This standard applies to trucks manufactured after the date of issue.
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EN 1757-1:2001
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
this European standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 292-1 : 1991 Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 1 - Basic
terminology, methodology
EN 292-2 : 1991 Safety of machinery - Basic concepts, general principles for design - Part 2 - Technical
principles and specifications
EN 1050 : 1996 Safety of machinery - Principles for risk assessment
EN 1175-1 Safety of machinery - Electrical requirements - Part 1 - General requirements for battery
powered trucks
EN 1726-1 : 1998 Safety of industrial trucks - Self-propelled trucks up to and including 10 000 kg capacity
and industrial tractors with a draw bar pull up to and including 20 000 N - Part 1 -
General requirements
ISO 2328 Fork lift trucks - Hook-on type fork arms and fork arm carriages - Mounting dimensions
ISO 2330 Fork lift trucks - Fork arms - Technical characteristics and testing
ISO 15870 Powered industrial trucks - Safety signs and hazard pictorials - General principles
ISO 5053 Powered industrial trucks - Terminology
ISO 10658 Industrial truck operating in special conditions of stacking with load laterally displayed
by powered devices - Additional stability test
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply and for the main
components, ISO 5053 applies.
3.1
pedestrian propelled stacking truck
truck with a vertical mast without tilt, with load bearing outriggers, equipped with fork arms or platform or other
attachment. The truck is designed to be manually pushed, pulled and steered by one pedestrian operator on a
smooth, level, hard surface
The load may be raised by either manual means or electrical battery power.
3.1.1
straddle stacker
stacking truck with outriggers, equipped with fork arms which are located between the outriggers
3.1.2
pallet stacker
stacking truck where the fork arms extend over the frame structure
3.1.3
platform stacker
stacking truck with a load platform extending over the frame structure
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EN 1757-1:2001
3.2
rated capacity
load in kilograms given by the manufacturer, the truck can lift and transport under the following specific
conditions
The rated capacity is defined for a load uniformly distributed and covering entirely the width of the fork arms or
platform.
It is equal to the load "Q " which the truck type is designed to carry and stack, on fork arms or platform, the
1
maximum lift height of which is equal to the standard lift height "H" (see 3.2.1) and with a standard load centre
distance "D" (see 3.2.2).
The centre of gravity “G” shall be on the centre line of the truck.
Where a truck does not lift to the standard lift height "H", it is given a rated capacity at its maximum lift height.
Key
D = Standard load centre distance
G = Centre of gravity
H = Standard lift height
Q = Load
1
Figure 1 - Rated capacity
3.2.1
standard lift height
height "H" from the ground to the upper face of the fork arms or load platform, as shown in Figure 1 and
Table 1
3.2.2
standard load centre distance
distance "D" in millimetres from the centre of gravity "G" of the load measured horizontally to the front face of
the fork arms shank and vertically to the upper face of the fork arms, as shown in Figure 1and Table 1
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EN 1757-1:2001
Table 1 - Load centre distance and lift height for rated capacity
Rated capacity Standard load centre distance
Standard
lift height
D
Q H
1
Straddle Stacker Pallet Stacker Platform Stacker
kg m mm mm mm
Q 250 1,5 250 -- --
1
350/500 600
1,5 350
251 < Q 500
1
2,0 500 600 --
501 < Q 750
1
2,5 500 600 350
751 < 1 000
Q
1
3.3
actual capacity
maximum load in kilograms (depending on its attachment and elevating height) given by the manufacturer that
the subject truck is capable of transporting or lifting under intended operation
Actual capacity will vary with the different types and heights of mast fitted, changes of fork arms or
attachments and the different load centre distances (see 3.2.2) used in rating.
Additional actual capacity ratings with attachments may also be established within the range of the
appropriate tests.
3.4
rated capacity of removable attachments
maximum load in kilograms and load centre distance, where applicable, given by the manufacturer of the
attachment, that the attachment is capable of handling under intended operating conditions as specified by the
manufacturer of the attachment
3.5
intended operating position
position in which the operator may control all operational functions as intended by the manufacturer
3.6
intended operation
the use for which the truck is designed according to the manufacturer's handbook
3.7
operator
a designated person, suitably trained (see EN ISO 9001, 4.18) qualified by knowledge and practical
experience, and provided with the necessary instructions to enable the required (operation, test and/or
examination) to be carried out safely
4 List of hazards
The following hazards from Annex A of EN 1050:1996 are applicable in the situations described and could
involve risks to persons if not reduced or eliminated. The corresponding requirements are designed to limit the
risk or reduce these hazards in each situation.
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EN 1757-1:2001
Hazards Corresponding requirements
4.1 MECHANICAL HAZARDS
4.1.1 Crushing 5.3 Propelling, steering
5.4 Load handling controls
5.5 Lifting systems
5.6 Protection devices
5.7 Parking brake
5.8 Stability
5.9 Protection against crushing, shearing and
entanglement points
5.11 Additional requirements for trucks with battery
powered lifting
6.2.2 Structural test
7 Information for use
4.1.2 Shearing 5.6.2 Glass guards or screens
5.9 Protection against crushing, shearing and
entanglement points
5.10 Edges and angles
4.1.3 Entanglement 5.6.2 Glass guards or screens
5.9 Protection against crushing, shearing and
entanglement points
4.1.4 Impact 5.3 Propelling, steering
5.10 Edges and angles
5.11 Additional requirements for trucks with
battery powered lifting
7 Information for use
4.1.5 Friction or abrasion 5.3 Propelling, steering
4.1.6 High pressure fluid ejection 5.5.3.4 Hydraulic circuit
7 Information for use
4.2 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS 5.11 Additional requirements for trucks with
battery powered lifting
4.3 HAZARDS GENERATED BY
NEGLECTING ERGONOMIC
PRINCIPLES
4.3.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive efforts 5.2 Design and construction forces for truck
5.3 Propelling, steering
5.4 Load handling controls
7 Information for use
4.3.2 Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or foot- 5.3 Propelling, steering
leg anatomy 5.4 Load handling controls
4.3.3 Neglected use of personal protection equipment 7 Information for use
4.3.4 Human error 5.4 Load handling controls
5.11.1 Lifting
7 Information for use
4.3.5 Inadequate design, location or identification of 5.3 Propelling, steering
manual controls 5.4 Load handling controls
4.4 HAZARDS DUE TO FUNCTIONAL
DISORDERS
4.4.1 Failure of energy supply 5.5.3.6 Failure of energy supply or hydraulic circuit
5.11.2 Electrical systems and equipment
4.4.2 Unexpected ejection of machine parts or fluids 5.5.3.4 Hydraulic circuit
4.4.3 Failure of control systems 5.5.3.5 Lowering speed limitation
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EN 1757-1:2001
Hazards Corresponding requirements
4.5 HAZARDS DUE TO FAILURES
5.5 Lifting systems
6.2.2 Structural test
7 Information for use
4.6 ADDITIONAL HAZARDS DUE TO
MOBILITY
4.6.1 Insufficient ability of machinery to remain immobi- 5.7 Parking brake
lised 7 Information for use
4.6.2 Contact with the wheels 5.3.2 Tiller
5.6.1 Wheel guards
7 Information for use
4.6.3 Impact hazard 5.10 Edges and angles
7 Information for use
4.7 ADDITIONAL HAZARDS DUE TO
LIFTING
4.7.1 Lack of stability 5.8 Stability
7 Information for use
4.7.2 Overload 5.5.3 Hydraulic circuit
7 Information for use
4.7.3 Amplitude of movement 5.5.3 Hydraulic system
5.5.5 Fork carrier
5.5.6 Load handling attachments
4.7.4 Falling of loads 5.5 Lifting system
5.6.3 Load backrest extension
5.8 Stability
7 Information for use
4.8 HAZARD COMBINATIONS Covering each individual hazard is sufficient for
covering combinations of hazards
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EN 1757-1:2001
5 Requirements
5.1 General
All the requirements from 5.2 to 5.10 apply to trucks with both manual or powered lifting.
5.11 applies only to powered lifting trucks.
5.2 Design and construction forces for truck
The design and construction of the truck shall be such that the maximum forces required for truck function
(propelling, lifting, steering) shall not exceed the values given in Table 2 below (see 6.2.3).
Table 2 - Maximum allowed forces
PROPELLING LIFTING STEERING
TEST LOAD
(manual lifting only)
STARTING ROLLING HAND FOOT
POWERED POWERED
kg
N N N N N
250 150 75 200 300 150
500 200 100 200 300 200
750 250 150 200 300 250
1 000 300 200 200 300 300
NOTE The values in Table 2 are pure design values for the truck and should not be confused with actual
operating forces in the work place (see 7.1.3)
5.3 Propelling, steering
5.3.1 A push/pull handle(s) either vertical or horizontal and/or a tiller shall be provided to allow an operator
to push, pull and steer the truck and, should such be the case to lift the load.
5.3.2 Tiller
The tiller shall be provided with a handle of the closed loop type or otherwise designed to ensure lateral
protection of the operator’s hands.
The hand grips shall be of a cross section enclosed within the space between two concentric circles of 25 mm
inside diameter and 35 mm outside diameter and provide a minimum span of 100 mm for each hand.
The upper part of the tiller handle shall conform to the dimensions shown in Figures 2 and 3.
When pulling the horizontal distance between the end of the tiller and the front of the wheel (Figure 3) shall be
more than 500 mm, the handle axis being positioned within 700 mm to 1 000 mm height.
The tiller shall automatically and gently return to the upper rest position when released.
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EN 1757-1:2001
Key
Key
1 700 mm to 1 000 mm
1 1 100 mm to 1 300 mm
2 500 mm minimum
Figure 2 – Tiller (Pushing) Figure 3 – Tiller (Pulling)
5.3.3 Push/pull bars
The height from ground to centre of push/pull bar shall be 1 100 mm to 1 300 mm, see Figures 4 and 5.
Vertical bars shall have a vertical length of at least 300 mm, see Figure 5.
A minimum distance of 50 mm shall be provided between the outside of the push/pull bars and the lateral
extremities of the truck.
The hand grips shall be of a cross section enclosed within the space between two concentric circles of 25 mm
inside diameter and 35 mm outside diameter.
Key
Key
1 300 mm minimum
1 1 100 mm to 1 300 mm
2 1 100 mm to 1 300 mm
Figure 4 - Horizontal push/pull handle Figure 5 - Vertical push/pull handle
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EN 1757-1:2001
5.4 Load handling controls
5.4.1 General
Lift and lower controls may be located on the tiller, when fitted, or may be by a separate device.
5.4.2 Control with a device located on the tiller
If the lift and lower controls are on the tiller, they shall be located ergonomically and shall enable the operator
to activate the controls without releasing hold of the hand grip.
The lowering control shall stop lowering movement when released.
The actuating force on selection devices shall not exceed 150 N at rated capacity.
Where the movements of selection device for lifting and lowering take place in a plane parallel to the tiller
plane, the lift control shall be selected by pushing the selection devices towards the tiller articulation point, and
the lower control by pulling the selection device in the opposite direction (Figure 6).
Key
1 Lower
2 Neutral
3 Raise
P Tiller plane
Figure 6 – Example of selection control lever in the plane of the tiller
5.4.3 Control with a device not located on the tiller
Lift can be by a separate device e.g. : hand pump lever, foot operated lever or rotating handle.
Lowering control can be by a separate device e.g. : hand operated lever, foot operated lever or screw type
valve, all of which return to neutral or closed position when released.
5.5 Lifting systems
5.5.1 Chains system
Only leaf and roller mechanical chains shall be used. When the lifting mechanism includes chains, the truck
manufacturer shall select chains which, in relation to the minimum breaking load certified by the manufacturer
of the chain, will provide a factor of at least 5/1 in relation to the static load that would exist in a single chain or
equally loaded chains, when the load equal to the rated capacity is in the transporting position, assuming no
friction in the mast structure.
Pulley or sprocket wheel diameters shall be at least three times the pitch of the chains.
Where more than one chain is used, means shall be provided to limit excessive uneven loading in the chains
e.g. by adjustment.
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EN 1757-1:2001
5.5.2 Wire ropes system
When the lift mechanism includes one or more wire ropes, the truck manufacturer shall select wire ropes
which, in relation to the minimum guaranteed breaking load certified by the manufacturer of the wire rope will
provide a factor of at least 5/1 in relation to the static load that would exist in a single wire rope or equally
loaded wire ropes to the rated capacity when the load is in the transporting position, assuming no friction in the
mast structure.
The minimum diameter of the wire rope guide pulleys, measured from the bottom of the groove, shall be equal
to 16 times the diameter of the wire rope.
Where more than one wire rope is used, means shall be provided to limit excessive uneven loading in the wire
ropes e.g. by adjustment.
5.5.3 Hydraulic system
5.5.3.1 Limitation of stroke
The lift assembly shall be fitted with stops of adequate strength to prevent over-travel. In addition, means shall
be provided to prevent the fork carrier and moving elements of the mast structure accidentally disengaging
from the upper end of the mast.
5.5.3.2 Load supporting
The descent of a load equal to the rated capacity caused by an internal leakage in the hydraulic system shall
not exceed 25 millimetres during the first 10 minutes, under intended operation and with oil at the ambient
temperature.
5.5.3.3
Pressure relief valves
All hydraulic systems shall include a device which shall limit the pressure in the system from exceeding a
preset value which shall be less than 115 % of the maximum working pressure under intended operation.
The device shall be so designed it cannot work loose by itself and so that a tool or key is required to alter the
pressure setting.
It shall be positioned so that it will not cause the fork arms or platform to descend out of control if an overload
is placed in a raised position.
It shall not be possible for the hydraulic fluid to drain out of the cylinders if the fork arms or platform descent is
blocked and the lowering control still actuated.
5.5.3.4 Hydraulic circuit
All hoses, piping and connections subject to internal pressure shall be capable of withstanding without bursting
a pressure equal to at least three times the operating pressure to which the hydraulic circuit may be subjected.
On trucks with powered lifting the hydraulic system shall be protected against hazards resulting from hydraulic
fluid contamination (e.g. a filter and/or collecting magnet).
5.5.3.5
Lowering speed limitation
A control device shall be incorporated in the lift circuit which, even in the event of a failure of the hydraul
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