EN ISO/ASTM 52904:2024

Additive manufacturing of metals - Process characteristics and performance - Metal powder bed fusion process to meet critical applications (ISO/ASTM 52904:2024)

This document covers the operation and production control of metal powder bed fusion (PBF) machines and processes for areas of critical applications. A critical application is assumed once failing parts-functionality leads to immediate threats.
This document is applicable for production of parts and mechanical test specimens using powder bed fusion (PBF) with both laser and electron beams.
Specifications related to specific fields of application are provided in respective standards.

Additive Fertigung von Metallen - Prozessanforderungen und Qualifizierung - Pulverbettbasiertes Schmelzen von Metallen für kritische Anwendungen (ISO/ASTM 52904:2024)

WARNUNG — Dieses Dokument gibt nicht vor, alle unter Umständen mit der Anwendung des Verfahrens verbundenen Sicherheitsaspekte zu behandeln. Es liegt in der Verantwortung des Anwenders dieses Dokuments, geeignete Vorkehrungen für den Arbeits-, Gesundheits- und Umweltschutz zu treffen und vor der Anwendung festzulegen, welche einschränkenden Vorschriften gelten.
Dieses Dokument umfasst den Betrieb und die Produktionskontrolle von Maschinen und Prozessen für pulverbettbasiertes Schmelzen (PBF) von Metallen für Bereiche mit kritischen Anwendungsanforderungen. Von einer kritischen Anwendung wird ausgegangen, wenn ein Funktionsausfall der Bauteile zu einer unmittelbaren Bedrohung führt.
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für die Fertigung von Bauteilen und mechanischen Probekörpern unter Verwendung des pulverbettbasierten Schmelzens (PBF) mit Laser- und Elektronenstrahlen.
Spezifikationen für bestimmte Anwendungsbereiche sind in den jeweiligen Normen angegeben.

Fabrication additive de métaux - Caractéristiques et performances du procédé - Procédé de fusion sur lit de poudre métallique en vue de répondre aux applications critiques (ISO/ASTM 52904:2024)

Le présent document couvre le contrôle des opérations et de la production des machines et des procédés de fusion sur lit de poudre de métaux (PBF) dans des secteurs d’application critiques. Une application est considérée comme critique dès lors que la défaillance des fonctionnalités des pièces entraîne des menaces immédiates.
Le présent document est applicable pour la production de pièces et d’éprouvettes d’essai mécanique utilisant la fusion sur lit de poudre (PBF) avec des faisceaux laser ou d’électrons.
Les spécifications liées à des champs d’application spécifiques sont fournies dans leurs normes respectives.

Dodajalna izdelava kovinskih izdelkov - Značilnosti in zmogljivost procesa - Proces spajanja kovinskega prahu na podlagi za uporabo na zahtevnih področjih (ISO/ASTM 52904:2024)

OPOZORILO: Ta dokument ne obravnava vseh morebitnih varnostnih težav, ki se navezujejo na njegovo uporabo. Za vzpostavitev ustreznih varnostnih, zdravstvenih in okoljskih praks ter določitev uporabnosti regulativnih omejitev pred uporabo je odgovoren uporabnik tega dokumenta.
Ta dokument zajema delovanje in nadzor proizvodnje strojev ter procesov spajanja kovinskega prahu na podlagi (PBF) za uporabo na zahtevnih področjih. Uporaba na zahtevnem področju se predvideva, ko funkcionalnost okvarjenih delov povzroči neposredno nevarnost.
Ta dokument se uporablja za proizvodnjo delov in mehanskih preskušancev s spajanjem prahu na podlagi z laserskimi in elektronskimi žarki.
Specifikacije v zvezi s posebnimi področji uporabe so navedene v ustreznih standardih.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 16-Jul-2024
• ICS: 25.030 - Additive manufacturing
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 438 - Additive Manufacturing
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 438 - Additive Manufacturing
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 17-Jul-2024
• Completion Date: 17-Jul-2024
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO/ASTM 52904:2025 - Additive manufacturing of metals - Process characteristics and performance - Metal powder bed fusion process to meet critical applications (ISO/ASTM 52904:2024)

Relations

• Replaces: EN ISO/ASTM 52904:2020 - Additive manufacturing - Process characteristics and performance - Practice for metal powder bed fusion process to meet critical applications (ISO/ASTM 52904:2019)
• Effective Date: 19-Jan-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2025
Nadomešča:
SIST EN ISO/ASTM 52904:2020
Dodajalna izdelava kovinskih izdelkov - Značilnosti in zmogljivost procesa -
Proces spajanja kovinskega prahu na podlagi za uporabo na zahtevnih področjih
(ISO/ASTM 52904:2024)
Additive manufacturing of metals - Process characteristics and performance - Metal
powder bed fusion process to meet critical applications (ISO/ASTM 52904:2024)
Additive Fertigung von Metallen - Prozessanforderungen und Qualifizierung -
Pulverbettbasiertes Schmelzen von Metallen für kritische Anwendungen (ISO/ASTM
52904:2024)
Fabrication additive de métaux - Caractéristiques et performances du procédé - Procédé
de fusion sur lit de poudre métallique en vue de répondre aux applications critiques
(ISO/ASTM 52904:2024)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO/ASTM 52904:2024
ICS:
25.030 3D-tiskanje Additive manufacturing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO/ASTM 52904
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 25.030 Supersedes EN ISO/ASTM 52904:2020
English Version
Additive manufacturing of metals - Process characteristics
and performance - Metal powder bed fusion process to
meet critical applications (ISO/ASTM 52904:2024)
Fabrication additive de métaux - Caractéristiques et Additive Fertigung von Metallen -
performances du procédé - Procédé de fusion sur lit de Prozessanforderungen und Qualifizierung -
poudre métallique en vue de répondre aux applications Pulverbettbasiertes Schmelzen von Metallen für
critiques (ISO/ASTM 52904:2024) kritische Anwendungen (ISO/ASTM 52904:2024)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 July 2024.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO/ASTM 52904:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO/ASTM 52904:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 261
"Additive manufacturing" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 438 “Additive
Manufacturing” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2025, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by January 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO/ASTM 52904:2020.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/ASTM 52904:2024 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO/ASTM 52904:2024 without
any modification.
International
Standard
ISO/ASTM 52904
Second edition
Additive manufacturing of
2024-07
metals — Process characteristics
and performance — Metal powder
bed fusion process to meet critical
applications
Fabrication additive de métaux — Caractéristiques et
performances du procédé — Procédé de fusion sur lit de poudre
métallique en vue de répondre aux applications critiques
Reference number
ISO/ASTM 52904:2024(en) © ISO/ASTM International 2024

ISO/ASTM 52904:2024(en)
© ISO/ASTM International 2024
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. In the United States, such requests should be sent to ASTM International.
ISO copyright office ASTM International
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, USA
Phone: [phone] Phone: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Email: [e-mail] Email: [e-mail]
Website: www.iso.org Website: www.astm.org
Published in Switzerland
© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
ii
ISO/ASTM 52904:2024(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Personnel requirements . 2
5 Digital data . 2
5.1 Digital data records.2
5.2 Digital data processing .2
6 PBF equipment requirements . 3
6.1 General .3
6.2 Build consumables .3
6.2.1 Build platform .3
6.2.2 Shielding gases .3
6.2.3 Powder spreading device .3
6.2.4 Compressed air .3
6.3 Auxiliary tools and equipment .4
6.4 Machine operating software .4
6.5 Environmental controls .4
7 Feedstock requirements . . 4
7.1 Purchasing feedstock .4
7.2 Control of feedstock .4
8 Qualification . 5
8.1 Design checks .5
8.1.1 Part files .5
8.1.2 Machining allowance .5
8.1.3 Orientation and location .5
8.1.4 Parts nesting .5
8.2 Pre-build checks .5
8.2.1 General .5
8.2.2 Maintenance and calibration status . .5
8.2.3 PBF machine elements and systems .6
8.2.4 Build chamber environment .6
8.2.5 Build platform .6
8.2.6 Powder spreading device .6
8.2.7 Gas supply .6
8.2.8 Feedstock condition and quantity .6
8.2.9 Baseline machine and process parameters .7
8.3 Periodic preventive maintenance .7
8.3.1 General .7
8.3.2 Energy delivery verification .7
8.3.3 Z-axis movement .7
8.3.4 Compressed air .7
8.3.5 Oxygen and vacuum .7
8.3.6 Laser field alignment (LFA) .7
8.3.7 Other recommended preventive maintenance .8
8.4 Machine, process, and part qualification .8
8.4.1 Process qualification .8
8.4.2 Build platform .8
8.4.3 Test specimens .8
8.4.4 Requalification .9
8.5 Consolidated material and part .9

© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
iii
ISO/ASTM 52904:2024(en)
8.5.1 Material properties .9
8.5.2 Part properties .10
8.5.3 Non-conformities .10
9 Manufacturing plan and documentation .10
9.1 Manufacturing plan .10
9.2 Documentation .11
Annex A (informative) Example of a manufacturing plan .12
Bibliography .15

© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
iv
ISO/ASTM 52904:2024(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 261, Additive manufacturing technologies,
based on a partnership agreement between ISO and ASTM International with the aim to create a common
set of ISO/ASTM standards on additive manufacturing, in collaboration with the European Committee for
Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 438, Additive manufacturing, in accordance with the
Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO/ASTM 52904:2019), which has been
technically revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— The structure of the document is modified to reflect the following workflow: Personnel – Digital data –
PBF equipment – Feedstock – Qualification – Manufacturing plan;
— Original Clauses 8 “Control of machine operating system software”, Clauses 9 “Auxiliary tools and
contamination” and Clauses 11 “External environmental controls” have been merged to a new Clause 6
“PBF equipment requirements”;
— New structure and examples for the manufacturing plan, consistent with the new workflow;
— 9.2 “Documentation” is added to the manufacturing plan;
— Figure 1 was updated.
© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
v
ISO/ASTM 52904:2024(en)
Introduction
Operation and production control of machines and processes for powder bed fusion (PBF) in critical
applications are described in this document. Critical applications can be subject to regulation. This is one
way of meeting quality requirements. The supplier/manufacturer can also ensure quality of components
through validation and verification of the AM process, as per internal procedures and requirements, and
inspection of the CTQs (critical to quality) of the AM components, as per customer agreement.

© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
vi
International Standard ISO/ASTM 52904:2024(en)
Additive manufacturing of metals — Process characteristics
and performance — Metal powder bed fusion process to meet
critical applications
1 Scope
WARNING — This document does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated
with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to establish appropriate safety, health,
and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
This document covers the operation and production control of metal powder bed fusion (PBF) machines and
processes for areas of critical applications. A critical application is assumed once failing parts-functionality
leads to immediate threats.
This document is applicable for production of parts and mechanical test specimens using powder bed fusion
(PBF) with both laser and electron beams.
Specifications related to specific fields of application are provided in respective standards.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 8573-1, Compressed air — Part 1: Contaminants and purity classes
ISO/ASTM 52900, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Fundamentals and vocabulary
ISO/ASTM 52907, Additive manufacturing — Feedstock materials — Methods to characterize metal powders
ISO 17295, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Part positioning, coordinates and orientation
ISO/ASTM 52926-1, Additive manufacturing of metals — Qualification principles — Part 1: General qualification
of operators
ISO/ASTM/TS 52930:2021, Additive manufacturing — Qualification principles — Installation, operation and
performance (IQ/OQ/PQ) of PBF-LB equipment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/ASTM 52900 and ISO/ASTM 52926-1
and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/

© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
ISO/ASTM 52904:2024(en)
3.1
powder spreading device
recoater
portion of the machine that comes in contact with and spreads feedstock across the build area
Note 1 to entry: The actual component that is in direct contact with the powder during spreading of a new layer can
typically be a blade, a rake, a roller, or a brush.
4 Personnel requirements
The personnel involved in operating the PBF-equipment shall be qualified in accordance with the part
manufacturer or sector specific requirements (see ISO/ASTM 52926-1 and ISO/ASTM 52926-2 for PBF-LB
operators or ISO/ASTM 52926-1 and ISO/ASTM 52926-3 for PBF-EB operators).
Records of qualification shall be maintained by the manufacturer in accordance with manufacturer or sector
specific requirements (e.g. ISO 9001, ISO 13485, ANSI/ASQC C1, AS 9100).
5 Digital data
5.1 Digital data records
Unless otherwise agreed, the part manufacturer shall maintain records of all software, CAD, and part
nesting layouts used in the production of parts, including:
— PBF machine operation software version, as recorded on the manufacturing plan (see Clause 9);
— Customer supplied or customer approved CAD files;
— Modifications to the customer CAD files, which shall be in accordance with Clause 8, and files such as AMF
and STL that are converted from customer-supplied CAD files. The party that performs the translation
from native CAD format to triangulated format (e.g. AMF, STL) is also responsible for performing a quality
check of the translated file to ensure there are no unacceptable errors (e.g. bad/free edges, overlapping
or intersecting triangles) and confirm that all required geometrical features are still present;
— Slice or layer files used by the PBF machines;
— Record of part nesting and build layout (e.g. data-preparation files; screenshots of isometric view);
— PBF machine build log file.
Any other customer-supplied electronic data, dimensional drawings, statement of work, PBF machine log
file, or combination thereof, shall be maintained and saved. Multiple build cycles in a manufacturing lot shall
be recorded with their unique manufacturing plan number.
The record retention period shall be as required for the relevant application/sector, or where not otherwise
specified, shall be a minimum of 5 years.
5.2 Digital data processing
The part manufacturer shall have a manual or automated method for engineering file configuration control
to ensure that the correct file designation on the purchase order is processed via PBF and, if necessary, final
machining.
If the build model is modified from the original form received from the customer (e.g. to add machining
allowance), the modification shall be performed in an engineering file format that allows for geometric
inspection of the preform. The customer shall be informed and shall validate the modifications carried out.
Support structures added to aid PBF processing shall not be considered as modifications to the original
form. Modified CAD files shall be verified in the same manner as described in 8.1.

© ISO/ASTM International 2024 – All rights reserved
ISO/ASTM 52904:2024(en)
When engineering files, such as CAD files, are converted to triangulated surfaces for purposes of PBF
processing, parameters used for the triangulation resolution of surfaces (e.g. chord height) shall be specified
and recorded.
All CAD file translations necessary to support PBF processing, shall be configuration controlled.
6 PBF equipment requirements
6.1 General
Requirements for the following aspects are available in ISO/ASTM TS 52930:
— build consumables (build platform, recoater, gases, filters, etc.) see ISO/ASTM TS 52930:2021 6.4.2.1;
— auxiliary tools and equipment;
— machine operating software;
— environmental controls.
For PBF-LB, the part manufacturer shall specify shielding gases that, as a minimum, includes consideration
of the gas composition and compatibility with the feedstock grade, build platform used and the PBF machine.
6.2 Build consumables
6.2.1 Build platform
The part manufacturer shall specify a build platform specification that, as a minimum, includes consideration
of the following:
— compatibility of the substrate material grade with the feedstock grade and any shielding gases used;
— geometrical requirements, such as size, thickness and parallelism requirements;
— where the build platform is intended to be reused, sufficient additional thickness beyond
...