EN 13001-3-3:2014
(Main)Cranes - General design - Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts
Cranes - General design - Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts
This European Standard is to be used together with EN 13001 1 and EN 13001 2 and as such they specify general conditions, requirements and methods to prevent mechanical hazards of wheel/rail contacts of cranes by design and theoretical verification. This European Standard covers requirements for steel and cast iron wheels and is applicable for metallic wheel/rail contacts only.
Roller bearings are not in the scope of this European Standard.
Exceeding the limits of strength is a significant hazardous situation and hazardous event that could result in risks to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. Clause 5 to Clause 6 of this European Standard are necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with this hazard.
This European Standard is applicable to cranes, which are manufactured after the date of approval of this European Standard by CEN, and serves as a reference base for product standards of particular crane types.
This European Standard is for design purposes only and should not be seen as a guarantee of actual performance.
EN 13001-3-3 deals only with limit state method in accordance with EN 13001-1.
Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 3-3: Grenzzustände und Sicherheitsnachweis von Laufrad/Schiene-Kontakten
Diese Europäische Norm ist in Verbindung mit EN 13001-1 und EN 13001-2 anzuwenden und legt die allgemeinen Bedingungen, Anforderungen und Methoden zur Verhinderung mechanischer Gefahren bei Laufrad/Schiene-Kontakt von Kranen durch die Konstruktion und den theoretischen Nachweis fest. Diese Europäische Norm enthält die Anforderungen an Laufräder aus Stahl und Gusseisen und gilt ausschließlich für metallische Laufrad/Schiene-Kontakte.
Rollenlager fallen nicht in den Anwendungsbereich dieser Europäischen Norm.
Das Überschreiten der Festigkeitsgrenzen stellt eine signifikante Gefährdungssituation und ein signifikantes Gefährdungsereignis dar, die/das zu einem Risiko für Personen während des normalen Gebrauchs und des vorhersehbaren Missbrauchs führen kann. Abschnitt 5 und Abschnitt 6 dieser Europäischen Norm sind erforderlich, um die Risiken in Verbindung mit dieser Gefährdung zu verringern oder zu beseitigen.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Krane, die nach dem Datum der Annahme dieser Europäischen Norm durch das CEN hergestellt werden und dient als Referenzgrundlage für Produktnormen für bestimmte Krantypen.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt ausschließlich für Entwurfszwecke und sollte nicht als Garantie für die tatsächliche Leistung angesehen werden.
FprEN 13001-3-3 befasst sich nur mit der Grenzzustandsmethode nach EN 13001-1.
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 3-3 : Etats limites et vérification d'aptitude des contacts galet/rail
La présente Norme européenne est à utiliser conjointement avec les EN 13001-1 et EN 13001-2 pour spécifier les conditions, prescriptions et méthodes générales permettant, par la conception et la vérification théorique, d’éviter les risques mécaniques dus aux contacts galet/rail des appareils de levage à charge suspendue. La présente Norme européenne traite des galets en acier et en fonte et est applicable uniquement aux contacts galet/rail métalliques.
Les roulements à rouleaux ne sont pas couverts par le domaine d’application de la présente Norme européenne.
Le dépassement des limites de résistance est une situation dangereuse significative ainsi qu’ un événement dangereux significatif susceptible d'entraîner des risques pour les personnes lors d'une utilisation normale ou d'une mauvaise utilisation prévisible. Les Articles 5 à 6 de la présente Norme européenne sont nécessaires pour réduire ou éliminer les risques associés à ce phénomène dangereux.
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux appareils de levage à charge suspendue construits après la date d'approbation par le CEN de la présente norme, et sert de référence pour les normes produits de types particuliers d’appareils de levage à charge suspendue.
La présente Norme européenne a seulement pour objet la conception ; il convient de ne pas la considérer comme une garantie de performance réelle.
Le FprEN 13001-3-3 traite uniquement de la méthode des états limites selon l’EN 13001-1.
Žerjavi - Konstrukcija, splošno - 3-3. del: Mejna stanja in dokaz varnosti stika kolo-tirnica
Ta evropski standard je namenjen uporabi s standardoma EN 13001-1 in EN 13001-2. Ti standardi skupaj določajo splošne pogoje, zahteve in metode za preprečevanje mehanskih nevarnosti stika kolo-tirnica pri žerjavih s preverjanjem konstrukcije in teoretičnih predpostavk. Ta evropski standard obravnava zahteve za jeklena in litoželezna kolesa ter se uporablja le za kovinske stike kolo-tirnica.
Področje uporabe tega standarda ne zajema kotalnih ležajev.
Preseganje omejitev moči je pomembna nevarna situacija in nevaren dogodek, zaradi katerih bi lahko prišlo do ogroženosti oseb med običajno uporabo in predvideno nepravilno uporabo. Točki 5 in 6 v tem evropskem standardu sta potrebni za omejitev ali odpravo tveganj, povezanih s to nevarnostjo.
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za žerjave, ki so proizvedeni po datumu, ko je CEN sprejel ta evropski standard, in se uporablja kot referenčna osnova standardom za proizvode za posamezne vrste žerjavov. Ta evropski standard je namenjen le za potrebe konstrukcije in naj ne bi veljal za jamstvo dejanskega delovanja. Standard EN 13001-3-3 v skladu s standardom EN 13001-1 obravnava le metodo mejnega stanja.
General Information
Overview
EN 13001-3-3:2014 - Cranes: General design - Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts is a CEN European Standard that specifies design principles and verification methods to prevent mechanical hazards arising from metallic wheel/rail contacts in cranes. It is intended to be used together with EN 13001-1 and EN 13001-2 and applies to steel and cast‑iron wheels and metallic rails (roller bearings are excluded). The standard is for design verification only (limit‑state method per EN 13001‑1) and supports conformity with essential safety requirements of the EU machinery framework.
Key Topics
- Scope and applicability: metallic wheel/rail contacts for crane travel wheels, trolley wheels, guide rollers and slewing support wheels; applicable to cranes produced after approval.
- Limit states approach: limit state verification for both static strength and fatigue strength (rolling contact fatigue, RCF).
- Contact mechanics: use of Hertz contact pressure and subsurface shear stress to assess strength and fatigue.
- Line vs point contact: classification of contact geometry (line contact, point contact) and corresponding verification rules; recognition that point contacts in practice often evolve into line contacts.
- Material and hardness considerations: requirements for wheel and rail material properties (steel, cast iron) and hardness profiling below the contact surface; Brinell hardness (HBW) and unit‑conform hardness are used in calculations.
- Design forces and factors: definition of design contact forces, limit design forces for static and fatigue checks, and additional influence factors (edge pressure, non‑uniform pressure distribution, skewing, driven wheels).
- Counting contacts and life assessment: treatment of contact force histories, number of rolling contacts, and spectrum factors for fatigue life evaluation.
- Informative annexes: guidance on typical material strength properties, hardness conversion, wear behaviour examples, and relationship to other crane standards.
Applications
- Design and verification of crane wheelsets, rails and rolling contacts during conceptual and detailed design.
- Selection of wheel and rail material combinations and surface treatments to meet fatigue and static criteria.
- Establishing inspection criteria and design life estimates for crane travelways, trolley runs and slewing supports.
- Input for product standards for specific crane types and for procurement specifications that link purchaser and designer requirements.
Who should use this standard
- Crane designers and structural/mechanical engineers
- Component manufacturers (wheels, rails)
- Safety assessors and conformity bodies
- Project purchasers and asset owners specifying crane design life and maintenance regimes
Related standards
- EN 13001-1 - General principles and requirements
- EN 13001-2 - Load actions
- EN 13001 series parts on structures, wire ropes, machinery and hooks
- EN ISO 6506-1 - Brinell hardness test
- EN ISO 12100 - Machine safety - risk assessment
- ISO 4306-1 - Cranes vocabulary
Limitations
- Applicable to metallic wheel/rail contacts only (no roller bearings).
- Intended for design verification; not a guarantee of actual field performance.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 13001-3-3:2014 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Cranes - General design - Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts". This standard covers: This European Standard is to be used together with EN 13001 1 and EN 13001 2 and as such they specify general conditions, requirements and methods to prevent mechanical hazards of wheel/rail contacts of cranes by design and theoretical verification. This European Standard covers requirements for steel and cast iron wheels and is applicable for metallic wheel/rail contacts only. Roller bearings are not in the scope of this European Standard. Exceeding the limits of strength is a significant hazardous situation and hazardous event that could result in risks to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. Clause 5 to Clause 6 of this European Standard are necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with this hazard. This European Standard is applicable to cranes, which are manufactured after the date of approval of this European Standard by CEN, and serves as a reference base for product standards of particular crane types. This European Standard is for design purposes only and should not be seen as a guarantee of actual performance. EN 13001-3-3 deals only with limit state method in accordance with EN 13001-1.
This European Standard is to be used together with EN 13001 1 and EN 13001 2 and as such they specify general conditions, requirements and methods to prevent mechanical hazards of wheel/rail contacts of cranes by design and theoretical verification. This European Standard covers requirements for steel and cast iron wheels and is applicable for metallic wheel/rail contacts only. Roller bearings are not in the scope of this European Standard. Exceeding the limits of strength is a significant hazardous situation and hazardous event that could result in risks to persons during normal use and foreseeable misuse. Clause 5 to Clause 6 of this European Standard are necessary to reduce or eliminate the risks associated with this hazard. This European Standard is applicable to cranes, which are manufactured after the date of approval of this European Standard by CEN, and serves as a reference base for product standards of particular crane types. This European Standard is for design purposes only and should not be seen as a guarantee of actual performance. EN 13001-3-3 deals only with limit state method in accordance with EN 13001-1.
EN 13001-3-3:2014 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 53.020.20 - Cranes. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 13001-3-3:2014 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2006/42/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/396. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Žerjavi - Konstrukcija, splošno - 3-3. del: Mejna stanja in dokaz varnosti stika kolo-tirnicaKrane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 3-3: Grenzzustände und Sicherheitsnachweis von Laufrad/Schiene-KontaktenAppareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 3-3 : Etats limites et vérification d'aptitude des contacts galet/railCranes - General design - Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts53.020.20DvigalaCranesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13001-3-3:2014SIST EN 13001-3-3:2014en,fr,de01-december-2014SIST EN 13001-3-3:2014SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13001-3-3
October 2014 ICS 53.020.20 English Version
Cranes - General design - Part 3-3: Limit states and proof of competence of wheel/rail contacts
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Conception générale - Partie 3-3 : Etats limites et vérification d'aptitude des contacts galet/rail
Krane - Konstruktion allgemein - Teil 3-3: Grenzzustände und Sicherheitsnachweis von Laufrad/Schiene-Kontakten This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 August 2014.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2014 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13001-3-3:2014 ESIST EN 13001-3-3:2014
Strength properties for a selection of wheel and rail materials . 19 Annex B (informative)
Conversion table of hardnesses . 20 Annex C (informative)
Examples for wheel/rail material pairs and their wear behaviour . 21 Annex D (informative)
Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application . 22 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 23 Bibliography . 24
a) Line contact b) Point contact
Point contact cases, where []wrk;min5bbr×≤ are outside the scope of this standard. In cases, where []wrk;min200bbr×[, the requirements given for line contact shall be applied. The effective contact widths (bw, br) are determined by deducting from the material width of wheel/rail the effect of corner radius equal to 2 × r3. Figure 1 — Contact cases SIST EN 13001-3-3:2014
Key z depth zml, zmp depths of maximum shear stress for line and point contact case respectively HB unit-conform hardness 1 hardness, the surface hardened zone 2 hardness, the natural hardness of the material 3 shear stress 2 due to contact force Figure 2 — Hardness and shear stress versus depth The depth of maximum shear for line contact cases shall be calculated as: ()m2wsSd0,ml10,50EbDFz×−××π××=ν (2) and for point contact cases this shall be calculated as: 3kw2msSd0,mp1210,68+−××=rDEFzν (3) where FSd0,s is the maximum, non-factored design contact force within the Load Combinations A to C in accordance with EN 13001-2; Em is the equivalent modulus of elasticity, see 4.4. SIST EN 13001-3-3:2014
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