FprEN 1994-1-1
(Main)Eurocode 4 - Design of composite steel and concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
Eurocode 4 - Design of composite steel and concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
1.1 Scope of EN 1994-1-1
(1) EN 1994-1-1 gives general rules for the design of steel and concrete composite structures and supplementary provisions specific for buildings.
NOTE Specific rules for bridges are given in EN 1994-2.
1.2 Assumptions
(1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to EN 1994-1-1.
(2) In addition to the general assumptions of EN 1990, the assumptions given in EN 1992–1–1, EN 1992-1-2, and EN 1993-1-1 apply to this document.
(3) EN 1994-1-1 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), EN 1992-1-1, EN 1993 (all parts), EN 1997 (all parts), EN 1998 (all parts when steel and concrete composite structures are built in seismic regions), EN 1090-1, EN 1090-2, EN 1090-4, EN 13670 and ENs for construction products relevant to steel and concrete composite structures.
Eurocode 4 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von Verbundtragwerken aus Stahl und Beton - Teil 1-1: Allgemeine Bemessungsregeln und Regeln für den Hochbau
1.1 Anwendungsbereich von EN 1994-1-1
(1) EN 1994-1-1 enthält allgemeine Regeln für die Bemessung und Konstruktion von Verbundtragwerken aus Stahl und Beton und ergänzende spezifische Bestimmungen für Hochbauten.
ANMERKUNG Spezifische Regeln für Brücken sind in EN 1994-2 angegeben.
1.2 Voraussetzungen
(1) Die in EN 1990 angegebenen Voraussetzungen gelten für die Anwendung von EN 1994-1-1.
(2) Zusätzlich zu den allgemeinen Voraussetzungen nach EN 1990 gelten für dieses Dokument die Voraussetzungen nach EN 1992-1-1, EN 1992-1-2 und EN 1993-1-1.
(3) EN 1994-1-1 ist für die Anwendung in Zusammenhang mit EN 1990, EN 1991 (alle Teile), EN 1992-1-1, EN 1993 (alle Teile), EN 1997 (alle Teile), EN 1998 (alle Teile bei Ausführung von Verbundtragwerken aus Stahl und Beton in Erdbebenregionen), EN 1090-1, EN 1090-2, EN 1090-4, EN 13670 und mit den für Verbundtragwerke aus Stahl und Beton maßgebenden Europäischen Normen zu Bauprodukten vorgesehen.
Eurocode 4 - Calcul des structures mixtes acier-béton - Partie 1-1 : Règles générales et règles pour les bâtiments
1.1 Domaine d'application de l'EN 1994-1-1
(1) L'EN 1994-1-1 donne des règles générales pour le calcul des structures mixtes acier-béton et des dispositions complémentaires spécifiques aux bâtiments.
NOTE Des règles particulières concernant les ponts sont données dans l'EN 1994-2.
1.2 Hypothèses
(1) Les hypothèses énoncées dans l'EN 1990 s'appliquent à l'EN 1994-1-1.
(2) Outre les hypothèses générales de l'EN 1990, les hypothèses données en l'EN 1992-1-1,
l'EN 1992-1 2 et l'EN 1993-1-1 s'appliquent au présent document.
(3) L'EN 1994-1-1 est destinée à être utilisée conjointement avec l'EN 1990, l'EN 1991 (toutes parties), l'EN 1992-1-1, l'EN 1993 (toutes parties), l'EN 1997 (toutes parties), l'EN 1998 (toutes parties lorsque des structures mixtes acier-béton sont construites dans des régions sismiques), l'EN 1090-1, l'EN 1090 2, l'EN 1090 4, l'EN 13670 ainsi qu'avec les normes EN relatives aux structures mixtes acier-béton.
Evrokod 4 - Projektiranje sovprežnih konstrukcij iz jekla in betona - 1-1. del: Splošna pravila in pravila za stavbe
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 1994-1-1:2024
01-junij-2024
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 1994-1-1:2005
Evrokod 4 - Projektiranje sovprežnih konstrukcij iz jekla in betona - 1-1. del:
Splošna pravila in pravila za stavbe
Eurocode 4 - Design of composite steel and concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules
and rules for buildings
Eurocode 4 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von Verbundtragwerken aus Stahl und Beton
- Teil 1-1: Allgemeine Bemessungsregeln und Regeln für den Hochbau
Eurocode 4: Calcul des structures mixtes acier-béton - Partie 1-1: Règles générales et
règles pour les bâtiments
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1994-1-1
ICS:
91.010.30 Tehnični vidiki Technical aspects
91.080.13 Jeklene konstrukcije Steel structures
91.080.40 Betonske konstrukcije Concrete structures
oSIST prEN 1994-1-1:2024 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
oSIST prEN 1994-1-1:2024
oSIST prEN 1994-1-1:2024
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 1994-1-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2024
ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.13; 91.080.40 Will supersede EN 1994-1-1:2004
English Version
Eurocode 4 - Design of composite steel and concrete
structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings
Eurocode 4: Calcul des structures mixtes acier-béton - Eurocode 4 - Bemessung und Konstruktion von
Partie 1-1: Règles générales et règles our les bâtiments Verbundtragwerken aus Stahl und Beton - Teil 1-1:
Allgemeine Bemessungsregeln und Anwendungsregeln
für den Hochbau
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 250.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1994-1-1:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
oSIST prEN 1994-1-1:2024
prEN 1994-1-1:2024 (E)
Contents
European foreword . 9
0 Introduction . 10
1 Scope . 12
1.1 Scope of EN 1994-1-1 . 12
1.2 Assumptions . 12
2 Normative references . 12
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 12
3.1 Terms and definitions . 12
3.2 Symbols . 17
3.2.1 Latin upper case letters . 17
3.2.2 Latin lower case letters . 23
3.2.3 Greek upper case letters . 28
3.2.4 Greek lower case letters . 29
3.3 Additional symbols used in Annex A . 32
3.3.1 Latin upper case letters . 32
3.3.2 Latin lower case letters . 32
3.3.3 Greek lower case letters . 33
3.4 Additional symbols used in Annex B . 33
3.4.1 Latin upper case letters . 33
3.4.2 Latin lower case letters . 33
3.4.3 Greek lower case letters . 33
3.5 Additional symbols used in Annexes D and E . 34
3.5.1 Latin upper case letters . 34
3.5.2 Latin lower case letters . 36
3.5.3 Greek lower case letters . 37
3.6 Additional symbols used in Annex F . 37
3.6.1 Latin upper case letters . 37
3.6.2 Latin lower case letters . 37
3.6.3 Greek upper case letters . 38
3.6.4 Greek lower case letters . 38
3.7 Additional symbols used in Annex G . 38
3.7.1 Latin upper case letters . 38
3.7.2 Latin lower case letters . 38
3.8 Additional symbols used in Annex H . 39
3.8.1 Latin upper case letters . 39
3.8.2 Latin lower case letters . 39
3.8.3 Greek lower case letters . 39
3.9 Additional symbols used in Annex I . 40
3.10 Additional symbols used in Annex J . 40
3.10.1 Latin upper case letters . 40
3.10.2 Latin lower case letters . 40
3.10.3 Greek lower case letters . 41
4 Basis of design . 41
4.1 General Rules . 41
4.1.1 Requirements . 41
4.1.2 Robustness . 41
4.1.3 Reliability . 41
4.2 Principles of limit states design . 41
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4.3 Basic variables . 42
4.3.1 Actions and environmental influences . 42
4.3.2 Material and product properties . 42
4.3.3 Classification of actions . 42
4.4 Verification by the partial factor method . 42
4.4.1 Design values. 42
4.4.2 Design resistances . 43
4.4.3 Combination of actions . 43
4.4.4 Verification of static equilibrium . 43
5 Materials . 43
5.1 Concrete . 43
5.2 Reinforcing steel . 44
5.3 Structural steel . 45
5.4 Connecting devices . 45
5.4.1 Fasteners . 45
5.4.2 Shear connectors . 45
5.5 Profiled steel sheeting for composite slabs in buildings . 47
6 Durability . 48
6.1 General . 48
6.2 Profiled steel sheeting for composite slabs in buildings . 48
7 Structural analysis . 48
7.1 Structural modelling for analysis . 48
7.1.1 Structural modelling and basic assumptions . 48
7.1.2 Joint modelling . 48
7.1.3 Ground-structure interaction . 49
7.2 Structural stability . 49
7.2.1 Effects of deformed geometry of the structure . 49
7.2.2 Methods of analysis for buildings . 49
7.3 Imperfections . 50
7.3.1 Basis. 50
7.3.2 Imperfections in buildings . 50
7.4 Calculation of action effects . 51
7.4.1 Methods of global analysis . 51
7.4.2 Linear elastic analysis . 53
7.4.3 Non-linear global analysis . 56
7.4.4 Linear elastic analysis with limited redistribution for buildings . 56
7.4.5 Rigid-plastic global analysis for buildings. 58
7.5 Classification of cross-sections . 59
7.5.1 General . 59
7.5.2 Classification of composite sections without concrete encasement . 60
7.5.3 Classification of composite sections for buildings with concrete encasement . 60
8 Ultimate limit states . 61
8.1 Beams . 61
8.1.1 General . 61
8.1.2 Effective width for verification of cross-sections . 63
8.2 Resistances of cross-sections of beams . 63
8.2.1 Bending resistance . 63
8.2.2 Resistance to vertical shear . 72
8.3 Resistance of cross-sections of beams with partial encasement for buildings . 73
8.3.1 Scope . 73
8.3.2 Bending resistance . 74
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8.3.3 Resistance to vertical shear . 75
8.3.4 Bending and vertical shear . 76
8.4 Lateral-torsional buckling of composite beams . 76
8.4.1 General. 76
8.4.2 Verification of lateral-torsional buckling of continuous composite beams with
cross- sections in Class 1, 2 and 3 . 76
8.4.3 Simplified verification of lateral-torsional buckling of continuous composite beams
with cross- sections in Class 1, 2 and 3, without direct calculation for beams in
buildings. 79
8.5 Transverse forces on webs . 80
8.5.1 General. 80
8.5.2 Flange-induced buckling of webs . 80
8.6 Shear connection . 80
8.6.1 Basis of design . 80
8.6.2 General method using non-linear analysis . 81
8.6.3 Beams in buildings where plastic theory is used for the resistance of the cross-section
................................................................................................................................................................... 81
8.6.4 Other beams where plastic theory is used for the resistance of the cross-sections . 84
8.6.5 Beams in which elastic theory is used for resistances of cross-sections . 85
8.6.6 Beams in which non-linear theory is used for resistances of cross-sections . 86
8.6.7 Local effects of concentrated longitudinal shear force . 86
8.6.8 Headed stud connectors in solid slabs and concrete encasement . 88
8.6.9 Design resistance of headed studs used with profiled steel sheeting in buildings . 90
8.6.10 Detailing of the shear connection and influence of execution . 93
8.6.11 Longitudinal shear in concrete slabs . 96
8.7 Fatigue . 99
8.7.1 Fatigue for buildings . 99
8.8 Composite columns and composite compression members . 99
8.8.1 General. 99
8.8.2 General method of design . 102
8.8.3 Simplified method of design . 105
8.8.4 Shear connection and load introduction . 113
8.8.5 Detailing provisions . 118
9 Serviceability limit states . 119
9.1 General. 119
9.2 Stresses . 119
9.2.1 General. 119
9.2.2 Stress limitation for buildings . 120
9.3 Deformations in buildings . 120
9.3.1 Deflections . 120
9.3.2 Vibration . 122
9.4 Cracking of concrete . 122
9.4.1 General. 122
9.4.2 Minimum reinforcement . 122
9.4.3 Control of cracking due to direct loading . 124
10 Composite slabs with profiled steel sheeting for buildings . 126
10.1 General. 126
10.1.1 Scope . 126
10.1.2 Definitions . 127
10.2 Detailing provisions . 127
10.2.1 Slab thickness and reinforcement . 127
10.2.2 Aggregate . 129
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10.2.3 Bearing requirements . 129
10.3 Actions and action effects . 129
10.3.1 Design situations . 129
10.3.2 Actions for profiled steel sheeting as shuttering . 130
10.3.3 Actions for composite slab . 130
10.4 Analysis for internal forces and moments . 130
10.4.1 Profiled steel sheeting as shuttering . 130
10.4.2 Analysis of composite slab . 130
10.4.3 Effective width of composite slab for concentrated point and line loads . 131
10.5 Verification of profiled steel sheeting as shuttering for ultimate limit states . 133
10.6 Verification of profiled steel sheeting as shuttering for serviceability limit states 133
10.7 Verification of composite slabs for the ultimate limit states . 134
10.7.1 Design criterion . 134
10.7.2 Flexure . 134
10.7.3 Longitudinal shear for slabs without end anchorage . 137
10.7.4 Longitudinal shear for slabs with end anchorage. 137
10.7.5 Vertical shear . 138
10.7.6 Punching shear . 142
10.8 Verification of composite slabs for serviceability limit states . 144
10.8.1 Control of cracking of concrete . 144
10.8.2 Deflection . 144
11 Composite joints in frames for buildings . 145
11.1 Scope . 145
11.2 Analysis, modelling and Classification . 146
11.2.1 General . 146
11.2.2 Elastic global analysis . 146
11.2.3 Classification of joints . 146
11.3 Design methods . 146
11.3.1 Basis and scope . 146
11.3.2 Resistance . 146
11.3.3 Rotational stiffness . 146
11.3.4 Rotation capacity . 147
11.4 Resistance of components . 147
11.4.1 Scope . 147
11.4.2 Basic joint components . 147
11.4.3 Column web in transverse compression . 148
11.4.4 Reinforced components . 148
Annex A (Informative) Stiffness of joint components in buildings . 150
A.1 Scope . 150
A.2 Stiffness coefficients . 150
A.2.1 Basic joint components . 150
A.2.1.1 Longitudinal steel reinforcement in tension . 150
A.2.1.2 Steel contact plate in compression . 150
Table A.1 — Stiffness coefficient k . 151
s,r
A.2.2 Other components in composite joints . 151
A.2.2.1 Column web panel in shear . 151
A.2.2.2 Column web in transverse compression . 151
A.2.3 Reinforced components . 152
A.2.3.1 Column web panel in shear . 152
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A.2.3.2 Column web in transverse compression . 152
A.3 Deformation of the shear connection . 153
Annex B (Normative) Standard tests . 154
B.1 General. 154
B.2 Test on shear connectors . 154
B.2.1 General. 154
B.2.2 Testing arrangements . 154
B.2.2.1 General. 154
B.2.2.2 Standard push tests . 154
B.2.2.3 Specific push tests . 155
B.2.3 Preparation of specimens . 156
B.2.4 Testing procedure . 157
B.2.5 Test evaluation . 157
B.3 Testing of composite floor slabs . 159
B.3.1 General. 159
B.3.2 Testing arrangement . 160
B.3.3 Preparation of specimens . 160
B.3.4 Test loading procedure . 161
B.3.5 Determination of the design values for τ . 161
u,Rd
Annex C (informative) Shrinkage of concrete for composite structures for buildings. 164
Annex D (Normative) Composite beams with web-openings . 165
D.1 Scope . 165
D.1.1 General. 165
D.1.2 Dimensional limits of openings . 165
D.2 Method of design . 166
D.2.1 General. 166
D.2.2 Equivalent length and depth of openings . 166
D.2.3 Effective width of concrete slab at an opening . 167
D.3 Analysis . 167
D.3.1 General. 167
D.3.2 Axial forces at the centre of openings . 168
D.3.3 Distribution of shear forces . 169
D.3.4 Forces and moments in web-posts between closely spaced openings . 170
D.3.5 Classification for global bending . 171
D.3.6 Classification for Vierendeel bending . 172
D.4 Ultimate Limit States . 172
D.4.1 Design rules . 172
D.4.1.1 General. 172
D.4.1.2 Global bending resistance . 172
D.4.1.3 Shear resistance of composite beam at web opening . 174
D.4.1.4 Shear resistance for Vierendeel bending . 175
D.4.1.5 Web buckling next to widely spaced openings . 176
D.4.2 Rules for closely spaced openings . 176
D.4.2.1 General. 176
D.4.2.2 Minimum degree of shear connection . 176
D.4.2.3 Shear and bending resistance between openings . 177
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D.4.2.4 Web post buckling . 177
D.5 Serviceability Limit States . 177
Annex E (Informative) Composite beams with web-openings and stiff slabs . 179
E.1 Scope . 179
E.2 Analysis . 179
E.3 Additional checks at ultimate limit states for widely spaced openings with locally stiff
slabs . 181
E.3.1 General . 181
E.3.2 Global bending resistance . 182
E.3.3 Global shear resistance . 182
E.3.4 Resistance to Vierendeel bending . 182
E.3.5 Resistance of the shear connection at the opening edges . 183
E.3.6 Resistance to web buckling . 184
E.3.7 Resistance of transverse reinforcement to local loads . 184
Annex F (Normative) Headed studs that cause splitting forces in the direction of the slab
thickness . 185
F.1 Design resistance and detailing . 185
F.2 Fatigue strength . 188
Annex G (Informative) Design resistance of headed studs used with open trough profiled
steel sheeting in buildings with ribs transverse to the supporting beams. 190
G.1 Scope . 190
G.2 Shear resistance . 190
Annex H (Normative) Design tension resistance of headed studs . 193
H.1 Scope . 193
H.2 Design tension resistance for headed studs . 193
Annex I (Normative) Additional rules for shallow floor beams . 197
I.1 General . 197
I.2 Structural Analysis . 200
I.2.1 Global analysis for buildings . 200
I.2.2 Classification of shallow floor beam cross-sections . 200
I.3 Ultimate limit states . 202
I.3.1 Bending Resistance . 202
I.3.1.1 General . 202
I.3.1.2 Effect of transverse bending . 202
I.3.1.3 Torsional effects. 202
I.3.2 Resistance to vertical shear . 203
I.3.3 Shear connection . 204
I.3.3.1 General .
...
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