EN 17057:2018

• Abstract:

  This document specifies a method to determine the saturated monoglyceride content in Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME). This method only identifies and quantifies the following saturated monoglycerides: 1-C16:0, 2-C16:0 and 1-C18:0. The total saturated monoglyceride content is calculated by the summation of the contents of these three saturated monoglycerides. The precision has been established for FAMEs having saturated monoglycerides in the (200 to 1 500) mg/kg range.; This method is not suitable for FAME produced from or containing coconut and palm kernel oil derivatives because of overlapping of various peaks.; NOTE This Standard determines only three saturated monoglycerides, i.e. 1-C16:0, 2-C16:0 and 1-C18:0. FAMEs can contain also other saturated monoglycerides such as 1-C17:0, but these are generally much lower than the three targeted saturated monoglycerides and are therefore not included in the Standard's scope.; WARNING - The use of this standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to application of the standard, and fulfil statutory and regulatory requirements for this purpose.

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 23-Jan-2018
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Jul-2018
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 19 - Petroleum products, lubricants and related products
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 19/JWG 1 - Vegetable fats and oils and their by-products for use in automotive fuels (Joint working group with CEN/TC 307)
• Current Stage: 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 04-Sep-2023
• Completion Date: 17-Sep-2026
• Ref Project: SIST EN 17057:2018 - Automotive fuels and fat and oil derivates - Determination of saturated monoglycerides content in Fatty Acid methyl Esters (FAME) - Method by GC-FID

• Refers: EN ISO 3171:1999 - Petroleum liquids - Automatic pipeline sampling (ISO 3171:1988)
• Effective Date: 28-Jan-2026
• Refers: EN ISO 3170:2025 - Hydrocarbon Liquids - Manual Sampling (ISO 3170:2025)
• Effective Date: 28-Jan-2026

Overview

EN 17057:2018 (CEN) defines a validated analytical method for the determination of saturated monoglyceride (SMG) content in Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC‑FID). The method specifically identifies and quantifies three saturated monoglycerides: 1‑C16:0, 2‑C16:0 and 1‑C18:0. Total saturated monoglyceride content is reported as the sum of these three components. Precision has been established for FAME samples in the 200–1 500 mg/kg range. Note: the method is not suitable for FAME produced from or containing coconut and palm kernel oil derivatives due to peak overlap.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Analyte scope: 1‑C16:0, 2‑C16:0 and 1‑C18:0 (other SMGs such as 1‑C17:0 are not included).
• Sample derivatization: Silylation with N‑methyl‑N‑trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) in pyridine to form volatile, stable derivatives prior to GC analysis.
• Internal standard: Glyceryl monononadecanoate (1‑C19:0) used at a stock concentration of 2.5 mg/ml; a relative response factor of 1.00 is applied.
• Chromatography: Capillary, high‑temperature columns (examples: DB‑5HT 30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.1 µm or CP9078 15 m × 0.32 mm × 0.1 µm), on‑column or PTV injection, and FID detection. Typical analysis time ~30–35 minutes.
• Carrier gas: Hydrogen or helium (min. 99.999 %).
• Column performance: Resolution requirements to avoid co‑elution with common interferents - n‑C26 / 1‑C16:0, squalene / 1‑C18:0, and n‑C28 / 1‑C18:0 each require R ≥ 1.0.
• Sample prep & injection: Typical protocol-heat sample (40–50 °C), weigh ~100 mg, add IS, pyridine and MSTFA, react 15 min, dilute with n‑heptane and inject 1 µl.
• Safety: The standard contains a safety warning-users must manage hazardous reagents and equipment and comply with applicable health and safety regulations.

Applications and users

• Laboratories performing biodiesel / FAME quality control and routine fuel analysis.
• Producers and suppliers of FAME seeking to verify product composition and batch consistency.
• Third‑party testing facilities, regulatory bodies and standards organizations requiring standardized GC‑FID methods for SMG quantification.
• Research groups assessing FAME feedstock influences and compositional profiles (excluding coconut/palm kernel derived FAME where method is unsuitable).

Related standards

• EN ISO 3170 - Petroleum liquids: Manual sampling
• EN ISO 3171 - Petroleum liquids: Automatic pipeline sampling

Keywords: EN 17057:2018, saturated monoglycerides, FAME analysis, GC‑FID method, MSTFA derivatization, glyceryl monononadecanoate, biodiesel testing, CEN standard.

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2018
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Automotive fuels and fat and oil derivates - Determination of saturated monoglycerides
content in Fatty Acid methyl Esters (FAME) - Method by GC-FID
Autoraftstoffe und erzeugnisse aus pflanzlichen und tierischen Fetten und Ölen -
Bestimmung des Gehalts von gesättigter Monoglyceride in Fettsäure-Methylester
(FAME) - Methode mittels GC-FID
Combustibles et produits dérivés des corps gras - Détermination de la teneur des
monoglycerides saturés en esters méthyliques d'acides gras (EMAG) - Méthode par GC-
FID
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17057:2018
ICS:
75.160.20 7HNRþDJRULYD Liquid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 17057
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
January 2018
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 75.160.20
English Version
Automotive fuels and fat and oil derivates - Determination
of saturated monoglycerides content in Fatty Acid Methyl
Esters (FAME) - Method by GC-FID
Carburants pour automobiles et produits dérivés des Kraftstoffe und Erzeugnisse aus Fetten und Ölen -
corps gras - Détermination de la teneur en Bestimmung des Gehalts an gesättigten
monoglycérides saturés (SMG) des esters méthyliques Monoglyceriden in Fettsäure-Methylester (FAME) -
d'acides gras (EMAG) - Méthode par GC-FID Verfahren mit GC-FID
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 19 November 2017.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2018 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17057:2018 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Principle . 4
4 Reagents and materials . 4
5 Apparatus . 5
6 Preparation of solutions . 5
6.1 Glyceryl monononadecanoate stock solution, 2,5 mg/ml . 5
6.2 Reference solution . 6
7 Sampling . 6
8 Procedure. 6
8.1 Operating conditions . 6
8.2 Column evaluation . 7
8.3 Analysis of the reference solution . 7
8.4 Preparation and analysis of the samples . 8
8.5 Identification . 8
8.6 Calibration . 8
9 Determination of results . 8
9.1 Integration of the peaks . 8
9.2 Calculation . 9
10 Expression of results . 9
11 Precision . 9
11.1 General . 9
11.2 Repeatability, r . 10
11.3 Reproducibility, R . 10
12 Test report . 10
Annex A (informative) Saturated monoglyceride standards . 11
Annex B (informative) Calculation of column performance . 12
Annex C (informative) Example chromatograms . 14
Bibliography . 15

European foreword
This document (EN 17057:2018) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and
liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the
secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2018 and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by July 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This document specifies a method to determine the saturated monoglyceride content in Fatty Acid
Methyl Esters (FAME). This method only identifies and quantifies the following saturated
monoglycerides: 1-C16:0, 2-C16:0 and 1-C18:0. The total saturated monoglyceride content is calculated
by the summation of the contents of these three saturated monoglycerides. The precision has been
established for FAMEs having saturated monoglycerides in the (200 to 1 500) mg/kg range.
This method is not suitable for FAME produced from or containing coconut and palm kernel oil
derivatives because of overlapping of various peaks.
NOTE This Standard determines only three saturated monoglycerides, i.e. 1-C16:0, 2-C16:0 and 1-C18:0.
FAMEs can contain also other saturated monoglycerides such as 1-C17:0, but these are generally much lower than
the three targeted saturated monoglycerides and are therefore not included in the Standard's scope.
WARNING — The use of this standard can involve hazardous materials, operations and
equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with
its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to take appropriate measures to
ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to application of the standard, and fulfil
statutory and regulatory requirements for this purpose.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 3170, Petroleum liquids - Manual sampling (ISO 3170)
EN ISO 3171, Petroleum liquids - Automatic pipeline sampling (ISO 3171)
3 Principle
The saturated monoglycerides are converted into more stable and volatile silyl derivatives in the
presence of pyridine and N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA).
After silylation, the sample is analysed by gas chromatography on a capillary column with thin film
thickness, an on-column injector or equivalent device (e.g. programmed-temperature vaporizing
injector), and a flame ionization detector.
The quantification of the saturated monoglycerides is performed against the internal standard (IS)
Glyceryl monononadecanoate (mono C19), using a relative response factor of 1,00.
4 Reagents and materials
Use only reagents of recognized analytical grade. The reagents should not contain components that
chromatographically co-elute with the target components, i.e. 1-C16:0, 2-C16:0 and 1-C18:0.
NOTE Annex A shows a list of suppliers for saturated monoglyceride standards.
4.1 N-methyl-N-trimethysilyltrifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) [CAS: 24589-78-4], p.a.
4.2 Pyridine, [CAS: 110-86-1], max. 0,1 % water, stored on molecular sieve.
4.3 n-Heptane, [CAS: 142-82-5], p.a.
4.4 2-Hexadecanoyl-glycerol ( 2 −C ), [CAS: 23470-00-0], of > 99,0 % purity.
16:0
4.5 1-Hexadecanoyl-rac-glycerol ( 1 −C ), [CAS: 542-44-9], of > 99,0 % purity.
16:0
4.6 1-Octadecanoyl-rac-glycerol ( 1 −C ), [CAS: 123-94-4], of > 99,0 % purity.
18:0
4.7 1-Nonadecanoyl-rac-glycerol ( 1 −C ), [CAS: 112340-30-4], of > 99,0 % purity.
19:0
4.8 Squalene [CAS: 111-02-4] ((6E,10E,14E,18E)-2,6,10,15,19,23-Hexamethyltetracosa-
2,6,10,14,18,22-hexaene), of > 99,0 % purity.
4.9 n-Hexacosane [CAS: 630-01-3] (n-C26), of > 99,0 % purity.
4.10 n-Octacosane [CAS: 630-02-4] (n-C28), of > 99,0 % purity.
4.11 Carrier gas, hydrogen or helium, minimum 99,999 % purity.
4.12 Auxiliary gases, such as air, hydrogen and nitrogen, minimum 99,995 % purity.
5 Apparatus
Usual laboratory apparatus and glassware, together with the following:
5.1 Gas chromatograph, equipped with an on-column injector or equivalent device (e.g. PTV:
Programmed Temperature Vaporisor), a temperature programmable oven and a flame ionization
detector.
5.2 Capillary column, capable of being programmed up to 400 °C (“high temperature” type), e.g.
5.2.1 or 5.2.2. Oth
...