prEN 1370
(Main)Founding - Examination of surface condition
Founding - Examination of surface condition
This document specifies methods for the examination of surface condition (roughness and surface discontinuities) of castings.
This document is applicable to all cast metals and all casting processes except die casting.
Gießereiwesen - Bewertung des Oberflächenzustandes
Dieses Dokument legt Verfahren zur Untersuchung der Oberflächenqualität (Rauheit und Oberflächenungänzen) bei Gussstücken fest.
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar auf alle Gussmetalle und alle Gießverfahren außer Druckguss.
Fonderie - Contrôle de l'état de surface
Le présent document spécifie les méthodes de contrôle de l’état de surface (rugosité et discontinuités de surface) des pièces moulées.
Le présent document est applicable à tous les produits moulés et à tous les procédés de moulage, à l’exception du moulage sous pression.
Livarstvo - Preiskave hrapavosti površine
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2025
Livarstvo - Preiskave hrapavosti površine
Founding - Examination of surface condition
Gießereiwesen - Bewertung des Oberflächenzustandes
Fonderie - Contrôle de l'état de surface
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1370
ICS:
17.040.20 Lastnosti površin Properties of surfaces
77.180 Oprema za metalurško Equipment for the
industrijo metallurgical industry
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2025
ICS 17.040.20; 77.180 Will supersede EN 1370:2011
English Version
Founding - Examination of surface condition
Fonderie - Contrôle de l'état de surface Gießereiwesen - Bewertung des Oberflächenzustandes
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 190.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1370:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Comparators . 5
5 Requirements . 5
5.1 General. 5
5.2 Surface roughness examination . 6
5.2.1 General. 6
5.2.2 Surface roughness examination by visual tactile comparators . 8
5.2.3 Surface roughness examination by contact (stylus) instruments or non contact
(optical) instruments . 8
5.3 Visual examination of surface discontinuities . 8
5.3.1 General. 8
5.3.2 Classification of surface discontinuities by dimensions . 9
5.3.3 Classification of surface discontinuities for steel and iron castings by visual tactile
comparators. 10
6 Documentation . 11
Annex A (informative) Significant technical changes between this European Standard and
the previous edition . 13
Bibliography . 14
European foreword
This document (prEN 1370:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 190 “Foundry
technology”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1370:2011.
— Clause 2 and Clause 3 were added;
— modification of Table 4 for the discontinuities Laps and cold shuts and Inserts;
— editorial modifications.
Annex A provides details of significant technical changes between this European Standard and the
previous edition.
Introduction
The surface roughness of a casting is influenced by the manufacturing process (moulding, grinding,
finishing, etc.), the moulding materials used (sand, coating, etc.), the production equipment available and
the alloy cast.
Depending on the applications of the casting, the surface requirements are related to mechanical
loadings, appearance, surface treatment, etc.
Since cast surfaces do not exhibit the same cyclic character as machined surfaces it is difficult to evaluate
their roughness using conventional mechanical, optical, or pneumatic devices. Other optical/electronic
means are now available for measuring surface roughness of cast surfaces. For the ease of use, visual
tactile comparators are preferred.
Moreover, in order to take into account the irregularities on as-cast surfaces, ground surfaces or other
means of finishing of castings, comparators should have relatively large dimensions in order to make
them more reliable and their results repeatable and consistent.
Two sets of comparators are in widespread use:
— “BNIF 359 Recommandation technique du Bureau de Normalisation des Industries de la Fonderie.
Caractérisation d'états de surface des pièces moulées — Utilisation des échantillons types
de 110 × 160 mm”, available from CETIM, 44 avenue de la Division Leclerc, 92310 Sèvres, France [1];
— “SCRATA comparators for the definition of surface quality of steel and iron castings”, ASTM A 802
Shorter Set, available from Castings Technology International, Advanced Manufacturing Park, Brunel
Way, Rotherham, S60 5WG, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom [2].
A third set of comparators, for precision steel castings, is also available:
— “SCRATA surface comparators for the definition of surface texture of precision steel castings”,
precision set, available from Castings Technology International, Advanced Manufacturing Park,
Brunel Way, Rotherham, S60 5WG, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom [3].
This document also specifies 8 levels of surface imperfections based on maximum dimensions to be
detected by visual examination.
The SCRATA comparators shorter set [2], can also be used for the classification of surface discontinuities
on steel and iron castings.
BNIF N°359 comparators can be used for all cast metals.
100 mm × 150 mm for SCRATA comparators; 110 mm × 160 mm for BNIF comparators.
1 Scope
This document specifies methods for the examination of surface condition (roughness and surface
discontinuities) of castings.
This document is applicable to all cast metals and all casting processes except die casting.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
4 Comparators
The comparators are essentially positive replicas of actual casting surfaces: as-cast or after further
fettling treatment such as shot blasted or ground.
Full size photographs of the comparators can be used to assist in making a rapid evaluation of the overall
roughness of the comparators. These can give preliminary information for the appropriate selection of a
moulding or finishing process.
It is emphasized however that the comparators, and not the photographs, shall be used to form the basis
of an agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
An overview and a comparison of the different categories and levels of the three sets of comparators are
given in Tables 1, 2 and 4.
5 Requirements
5.1 General
When examination of surface conditions is required, the following shall be as agreed at the time of
ordering:
— category and severity level required;
More than one severity level can be specified for different surfaces of the same casting. This shall be
clearly indicated on the drawing.
— any types of discontinuities which are unacceptable;
— areas of the castings which are to be examined;
The areas of the castings to be examined shall be clearly indicated on the drawing.
— number of castings to be examined;
— manufacturing stage at which surfaces are to be examined.
NOTE 1 Guidelines for the specification of acceptance criteria for surface condition of iron castings are given in
EN 1559-3 [4].
NOTE 2 General principles for visual examination are described in EN 13018 [5].
The examination shall be performed by trained personnel with satisfactory visual acuity.
5.2 Surface roughness examination
5.2.1 General
The methods detailed in this document shall only apply to the surfaces of castings and the percentage or
number of castings to be checked.
These conditions shall be subject of an agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser by the
time of ordering.
This information enables the manufacturer to assess the additional inspections and operations involved.
Table 1 — BNIF and SCRATA surface roughness and dressing comparators [1] [2]
Moulding Mechanical dressing Thermal dressing
Corres- Corres- Corres-
ponding ponding ponding
process process process
Very fine
Smoothest 0,8 2/0S2
grinding
Fine
1,6 3/0S1 — 1/0S2
grinding
Investment
Medium
3,2 2/0S1 — 1S2
grinding
6,3 1/0S1 — Shell resins 2S2
Medium-
coarse
1S1 A1 3S2
grinding
Green sand
and cold
setting
12,5 2S1 A2 4S2
small-
medium
castings
Coarse
grinding
3S1 A3 5S2 H1 G1
Green sand
Fine
and cold
thermal
setting
cutting
medium-
4S1 — H3
large
1S3
G2
castings
Very coarse
25 5S1 — H4
grinding
2S3
6S1 A4 H5
Moulding
G3
Coarse
for large
7S1 — 3S3 thermal
castings
cutting
G5
Roughest 50 8S1 A5 4S3
Roughness
Ra (µm)
For guidance only
BNIF [1]
SCRATA [2]
BNIF [1]
SCRATA [2]
BNIF [1]
SCRATA [2]
Table 2 — SCRATA surface comparators for the definition of surface texture of precision steel
castings [3] [6]
Roughness
Moulding process
Smoothest ← → Roughest
Resin shell process V1, V2, V3
Lost polystyrene process W1, W2, W3
Shaw process X1, X2, X3
Lost-wax process Y1, Y2
Fettled/grinded surfaces Z1, Z2, Z3
5.2.2 Surface roughness examination by visual tactile comparators
To evaluate casting roughness, the areas indicated on the drawing shall be compared without optical aids,
but with the appropriate visual tactile comparators of the category and level involved.
Comparison between the appropriate comparator and the casting surface shall be made with the
comparators held next to the casting under sufficient conditions of lighting.
NOTE When the surface to be checked is significantly smaller than the surface of a comparator, an agreement
on the method to be used can be made between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
The outcome of the comparison is satisfactory if, in the area under consideration, the roughness
corresponds to that of the comparator or if it is generally smoother.
5.2.3 Surface roughness examination by contact (stylus) instruments or non contact (optical)
instruments
If one of these methods is used, it shall be used as agreed at the time of ordering.
The following shall be as agreed at the time of ordering:
— method to be used;
— area(s) to be examin
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