CEN/TR 15316-6-2:2017

Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 6-2: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-2, Module M3-5, M4-5

This Technical Report refers to standard EN 15316-2.
It contains information to support the correct understanding and use of EN 15316-2.
The scope of this specific part is to standardize the required inputs, the outputs and the links (structure) of the calculation method in order to achieve a common European calculation method.
This standard covers energy performance calculation of heating systems and water based cooling space emission sub-systems.

Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen – Teil 6-2: Begleitende TR zur EN 15316-2 (Raumluftsysteme (Heizen und Kühlen))

Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 6-2 : Explication et justification de l’EN 15316-2, Module M3-5, M4-5

Le présent Rapport technique fait référence à l’EN 15316 2.
Il contient des informations pour aider à la compréhension et à l’utilisation correctes de l’EN 15316 2.
L’objet de cette partie spécifique est de normaliser les données d’entrée exigées, les données de sortie et les liaisons (structure) de la méthode de calcul afin d’obtenir une méthode de calcul européenne commune.
Cette norme traite du calcul de la performance énergétique des sous-systèmes d’émission de chaleur et de refroidissement à eau dans les locaux.

Energijske lastnosti stavb - Metoda za izračun energijskih zahtev in učinkovitosti sistema - 6-2. del: Razlaga in utemeljitev EN 15316-2 - Modula M3-5 in M4-5

To tehnično poročilo (CEN/TR 15316-6-2) določa podrobnosti za standard EN 15316-2 in podaja dodatne informacije za uporabo standarda EN 15316-2.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 02-May-2017
• ICS: 91.120.10 - Thermal insulation of buildings
• ICS: 91.140.10 - Central heating systems
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 228 - Heating systems in buildings
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 228/WG 4 - Calculation methods and system performance and evaluation
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 03-May-2017
• Due Date: 15-Aug-2015
• Completion Date: 03-May-2017
• Directive: 2010/31/EU - Directive 2010/31/eu of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 May 2010 on the energy performance of buildings (recast)
• Mandate: M/480 - Mandate to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI for the elaboration and adoption of standards for a methodology calculating the integrated energy performance of buildings and promoting the energy efficiency of buildings, in accordance with the terms set in the recast of the Directive on the energy performance buildings (2010/31/EU)
• Ref Project: SIST-TP CEN/TR 15316-6-2:2018 - Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 6-2: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-2, Module M3-5, M4-5

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15316-6-2:2018
01-maj-2018

(QHUJLMVNHODVWQRVWLVWDYE0HWRGD]DL]UDþXQHQHUJLMVNLK]DKWHYLQXþLQNRYLWRVWL

VLVWHPDGHO5D]ODJDLQXWHPHOMLWHY(10RGXOD0LQ0

Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements

and system efficiencies - Part 6-2: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-2, Module

M3-5, M4-5
Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der

Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 6-2: Begleitende TR zur

EN 15316-2 (Raumluftsysteme (Heizen und Kühlen))

Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques

et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 6-2 : Explication et justification de l’EN 15316-

2, Module M3-5, M4-5
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 15316-6-2:2017
ICS:
91.140.10 Sistemi centralnega Central heating systems
ogrevanja
SIST-TP CEN/TR 15316-6-2:2018 en

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 15316-6-2:2018
CEN/TR 15316-6-2
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
May 2017
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 91.120.10; 91.140.10
English Version
Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation
of system energy requirements and system efficiencies -
Part 6-2: Explanation and justification of EN 15316-2,
Module M3-5, M4-5

Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden - Verfahren zur

calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und

systèmes - Partie 6-2 : Explication et justification de Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 6-2: Begleitende TR

l'EN 15316-2, Module M3-5, M4-5 zur EN 15316-2 (Raumluftsysteme (Heizen und
Kühlen))

This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 27 February 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC

228.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,

Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,

Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 15316-6-2:2017 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page

European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 4

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................... 5

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 7

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 7

3 Terms and definitions ................................................................................................................................... 8

4 Symbols and abbreviations ......................................................................................................................... 8

4.1 Symbols ............................................................................................................................................................... 8

4.2 Subscripts ........................................................................................................................................................... 9

5 Description of the method ........................................................................................................................... 9

5.1 Output of the method ..................................................................................................................................... 9

5.2 General description of the method ........................................................................................................... 9

5.2.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................ 9

5.2.2 non-uniform space temperature distribution ................................................................................... 10

5.2.3 Heat loss of embedded surface heating devices due to additional transmission to the

outside .............................................................................................................................................................. 10

5.2.4 Control of the indoor temperature ........................................................................................................ 11

5.2.5 Effects of room automatisation ............................................................................................................... 11

5.2.6 Combined outside temperature for cool emission systems ......................................................... 12

6 Calculation Method ...................................................................................................................................... 12

6.1 Output data ..................................................................................................................................................... 12

6.2 Calculation time steps ................................................................................................................................ 12

6.3 Input data ........................................................................................................................................................ 13

6.3.1 Source of data ................................................................................................................................................ 13

6.3.2 Product data (technical data) .................................................................................................................. 13

6.3.3 Configuration and system design data ................................................................................................. 15

6.3.4 Operating or boundary conditions ........................................................................................................ 15

6.4 Monthly and yearly calculation procedure ......................................................................................... 16

6.4.1 Applicable calculation interval ............................................................................................................... 16

6.4.2 Operating conditions calculation ........................................................................................................... 16

6.4.3 Energy calculation (additional heating / cooling losses) .............................................................. 16

6.4.4 Auxiliary energy calculation .................................................................................................................... 20

6.5 Hourly calculation procedure .................................................................................................................. 21

6.5.1 Applicable calculation interval ............................................................................................................... 21

6.5.2 Operating conditions calculation ........................................................................................................... 21

6.5.3 Energy calculation (additional heating / cooling losses) .............................................................. 21

7 Quality control .............................................................................................................................................. 25

8 Compliance check......................................................................................................................................... 25

Annex A (informative) Template for choices, input data and references (Additional heating

and cooling losses / auxiliary energy) .................................................................................................. 26

A.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 26

A.2 Temperature variation for free heating surfaces (radiators), room heights ≤ 4 m

(heating case) ................................................................................................................................................ 27

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A.3 Temperature Variation for component integrated heating surfaces (panel heaters)

(room heights ≤ 4 m, heating case) ........................................................................................................ 29

A.4 Temperature variation for air heating systems; room heights ≤ 4 m (heating case) .......... 31

A.5 Temperature Variation for electrical heating (room heights ≤ 4 m, heating case) .............. 32

A.6 Temperature Variation air heating (ventilation systems, room heights ≤ 4 m, heating

case) ................................................................................................................................................................... 33

A.7 Temperature variation for room spaces with heights > 4 m (large indoor space

buildings, heating case) .............................................................................................................................. 33

A.8 Temperature variation for room heaters fired by solid fuel ........................................................ 36

A.9 Temperature variation for water based cooling systems; room heights ≤ 4 m

(cooling case) ................................................................................................................................................. 37

A.10 Auxiliary Energy ............................................................................................................................................ 38

A.11 Additional Information ............................................................................................................................... 39

Annex B (informative) Default choices, input data and references (additional heating and

cooling losses / auxiliary energy) ........................................................................................................... 41

B.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................... 41

B.2 Temperature variation for free heating surfaces (radiators); room heights ≤ 4 m

(heating case) ................................................................................................................................................. 42

B.3 Temperature Variation for component integrated heating surfaces (panel heaters)

(room heights ≤ 4 m, heating case) ........................................................................................................ 44

B.4 Temperature variation for air heating systems; room heights ≤ 4 m (heating case) .......... 46

B.5 Temperature Variation for electrical heating (room heights ≤ 4 m, heating case) .............. 47

B.6 Temperature Variation air heating (ventilation systems, room heights ≤ 4 m, heating

case) ................................................................................................................................................................... 48

B.7 Temperature variation for room spaces with heights > 4 m (large indoor space

buildings, heating case) .............................................................................................................................. 48

B.8 Temperature variation for room heaters fired by solid fuel ........................................................ 51

B.9 Temperature variation for water based cooling systems; room heights ≤ 4 m

(cooling case) ................................................................................................................................................. 52

B.10 Auxiliary Energy ............................................................................................................................................ 53

B.11 Additional Information ............................................................................................................................... 54

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 56

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European foreword

This document (CEN/TR 15316-6-2:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 228

“Heating systems and water based cooling systems in buildings”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.

This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the

European Free Trade Association.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

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Introduction

This standard is part of a set of standards developed to support EPBD directive implementation,

hereafter called “EPB standards”.

EPB standards deal with energy performance calculation and other related aspects (like system sizing)

to provide the building services considered in the EPBD directive.

CEN/TC 228 deals with heating systems in buildings. Subjects covered by CEN/TC 228 are:

a) energy performance calculation for heating systems;
b) inspection of heating systems;
c) design of heating systems;
d) installation and commissioning of heating systems.
The set of EPB standards, technical reports and supporting tools

In order to facilitate the necessary overall consistency and coherence, in terminology, approach,

input/output relations and formats, for the whole set of EPB-standards, the following documents and

tools are available:
a) a document with basic principles to be followed in drafting EPB-standards:

CEN/TS 16628:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Basic Principles for the set of EPB

standards [14];

b) a document with detailed technical rules to be followed in drafting EPB-standards;

CEN/TS 16629:2014, Energy Performance of Buildings - Detailed Technical Rules for the set of

EPB-standards [15];
c) the detailed technical rules are the basis for the following tools:

1) a common template for each EPB-standard, including specific drafting instructions for the

relevant clauses;

2) a common template for each technical report that accompanies an EPB standard or a cluster of

EPB standards, including specific drafting instructions for the relevant clauses;

3) a common template for the spreadsheet that accompanies each EPB standard, to demonstrate

the correctness of the EPB calculation procedures.

Each EPB-standards follows the basic principles and the detailed technical rules and relates to the

overarching EPB-standard, EN ISO 52000-1 [16].

One of the main purposes of the revision of the EPB-standards is to enable that laws and regulations

directly refer to the EPB-standards and make compliance with them compulsory. This requires that the

set of EPB-standards consists of a systematic, clear, comprehensive and unambiguous set of energy

performance procedures. The number of options provided is kept as low as possible, taking into

account national and regional differences in climate, culture and building tradition, policy and legal

frameworks (subsidiarity principle). For each option, an informative default option is provided

(Annex B).
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Rationale behind the EPB technical reports

There is a risk that the purpose and limitations of the EPB standards will be misunderstood, unless the

background and context to their contents – and the thinking behind them – is explained in some detail

to readers of the standards. Consequently, various types of informative contents are recorded and made

available for users to properly understand, apply and nationally or regionally implement the EPB

standards.

If this explanation would have been attempted in the standards themselves, the result is likely to be

confusing and cumbersome, especially if the standards are implemented or referenced in national or

regional building codes.

Therefore each EPB standard is accompanied by an informative technical report, like this one, where all

informative content is collected, to ensure a clear separation between normative and informative

contents (see CEN/TS 16629 [15]):

— to avoid flooding and confusing the actual normative part with informative content;

— to reduce the page count of the actual standard; and
— to facilitate understanding of the set of EPB standards.

This was also one of the main recommendations from the European CENSE project [18] that laid the

foundation for the preparation of the set of EPB standards.
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1 Scope
This Technical Report refers to standard EN 15316-2.

It contains information to support the correct understanding and use of EN 15316-2.

The scope of this specific part is to standardize the required inputs, the outputs and the links

(structure) of the calculation method in order to achieve a common European calculation method.

This standard covers energy performance calculation of heating systems and water based cooling space

emission sub-systems.
2 Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are

indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated

references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 215, Thermostatic radiator valves - Requirements and test methods

EN 416-2, Single burner gas-fired overhead radiant tube heaters for non-domestic use - Part 2: Rational

use of energy

EN 419-2, Non-domestic gas-fired overhead luminous radiant heaters - Part 2: Rational use of energy

EN 442 (all parts), Radiators and convectors – Part 2: Test methods and rating
EN 1264 (all parts), Water based surface embedded heating and cooling systems

EN 14037 (all parts), Free hanging heating and cooling surfaces for water with a temperature below

120°C

EN 14337, Heating Systems in buildings - Design and installation of direct electrical room heating systems

EN 15316-1, Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and

system efficiencies - Part 1: General and Energy performance expression, Module M3-1, M3-4, M3-9, M8-1,

M8-4

EN 15316–2, Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and

system efficiencies - Part 2: Space emission systems (heating and cooling), Module M3-5, M4-5

EN 15500, Control for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning applications - Electronic individual zone

control equipment

EN 16430 (all parts), Fan assisted radiators, convectors and trench convectors - Part 1: Technical

specifications and requirements

EN 60240–1, Characteristics of electric infra-red emitters for industrial heating - Part 1: Short wave infra-

red emitters (IEC 60240-1)

EN ISO 7345:1995, Thermal insulation - Physical quantities and definitions (ISO 7345:1987)

EN ISO 13790, Energy performance of buildings - Calculation of energy use for space heating and cooling

(ISO 13790)
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EN ISO 52000-1:2017, Energy performance of buildings - Overarching EPB assessment - Part 1: General

framework and procedures (ISO 52000-1:2017)
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 7345:1995,

EN ISO 52000-1:2017, and the following apply.
3.1
heat losses

emissions within the heating system as losses through the building envelope due to non-uniform

temperature distribution, control inefficiencies and losses of emitters embedded in the building

structure
3.2
cooling losses

emissions within the cooling system as losses through the building envelope due to non-uniform

temperature distribution, control inefficiencies and losses of emitters embedded in the building

structure
3.3
total heat losses

sum of the heat losses within the heating system from the system, including recoverable heat loss

3.4
total cooling losses

sum of the cooling losses within the cooling system from the system, including recoverable cooling loss

3.5
control

self-acting device with and without auxiliary energy to keep a physical condition as temperature,

humidity, etc. close to set-point
3.6
room automatisation controls
BMS
room temperature controls in combination with:
— timer function;
— timer function and self-adoption / self-optimization;

timer function and self-adoption / self-optimization and interaction with other components of heating /

cooling system like further controls, circulator or heat- / cool-generator (net work operation)

4 Symbols and abbreviations
4.1 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols (see Table 1) apply:
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Table 1 — Symbols and units
Symbol Quantity Unit
RF Radiant factor -
4.2 Subscripts
For the purposes of this document, the following subscripts (see Table 2) apply:
Table 2 — Subscripts
emb embedded im intermittent pmp pump
fan fan ini initial rad radiant
emt emitter inc increased str stratification
hydr hydraulic balancing roomaut room automation additional
out output sol solar
5 Description of the method
5.1 Output of the method
The method described in this standard calculate
— energy losses (heating and cooling) Q in kWh;
em,ls
— auxiliary energy – heat/ cooling emission W in kWh;
— room temperatureθ in Centigrade (°C).
int,inc
The time step of the output can be:
— hourly;
— monthly;
— yearly;
according to the time-step of the input.
5.2 General description of the method
5.2.1 General

The energy performance is assessed by values of the increased space temperatures due to heat and

cooling emission system inefficiencies.

The method is based on an analysis of the following characteristics of a space heating emission system

or cooling system including control:
— non-uniform space temperature distribution;
— emitters;
— emitters embedded in the building structure;
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— control accuracy of the indoor temperature;
— operation of controls / controls systems and emitters.

The energy required by the emission system is calculated separately for thermal energy and electrical

energy in order to determine the final energy, and subsequently the corresponding primary energy is

calculated.

The calculation factors for conversion of energy requirements to primary energy shall be decided on a

national level.
5.2.2 non-uniform space temperature distribution

The additional energy loss, based on non- uniform space temperature distribution can be caused by:

— a temperature stratification, resulting in an increased internal temperature under the ceiling and

upper parts of the room;
— an increased internal temperature and heat transfer coefficient near windows;

— convection and radiation from the heating system through other outside surfaces.

Figure 1 — Effects due to non-uniform temperature distribution and position of heat and cooling

emitter
Figure 1 shows some examples for the non-uniform temperature distribution.

5.2.3 Heat loss of embedded surface heating devices due to additional transmission to the

outside

This applies to floor heating, ceiling heating and wall heating systems and similar.

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This is only considered as a loss when one side of the building part containing the embedded heating

device is facing the outside, the ground, an unheated space or a space belonging to another building

unit.

If embedded heat emitters with different characteristics (e.g. insulation) are used in the heating

installation, it is necessary to take this into account by separate calculations.

If the increased temperature in the building element has been taken into account in the calculations

according to EN ISO 13790, this shall not be done again.
5.2.4 Control of the indoor temperature

This method covers only control of the heat emission system and does not take into account the

influences, which the control (central or local) may have on efficiency of the heat generation system and

on heat losses from the heat distribution system.

A non-ideal control may cause temperature variations and drifts around the prefixed set point

temperature, due to the physical characteristics of the control system, sensor locations and

characteristics of the heating system itself. This may result in increased or decreased heat losses

through the building envelope compared to heat losses calculated with the assumption of constant

internal temperature. The ability to utilize internal gains (from people, equipment, solar radiation)

depends on the type of heat emission system and control method (Figure 2). The calculation of the

energy use according to EN ISO 13790 are based on a constant internal temperature, while the real

room temperature (as indicated in Figure 2) will vary according to control concept and variations in

internal loads.

Figure 2 — Effect of control accuracy as efficiency or equivalent increase in space temperature

5.2.5 Effects of room automatisation

Heating or cooling systems in residential and non-residential buildings can demand-oriented operated

intermittently. The reduction in room temperature with intermittent operation of heating systems

depends essentially on the reduction- or off time, the transmission and ventilation heat loss, the outside

temperature as well as the effectual thermal mass of the room. With room automatisation systems the

potential reduction of room temperature can be utilized better. Because the above mentioned

influencing factors are often unknown a global temperature variation caused by room automatisation is

assumed. Regarding the functionality of the room automatisation system it is differentiated into 3 levels

as follows with increasing temperature variation.
1. stand alone room automatisation
This covers systems without networked operation and fixed heating-up times.
2. stand alone room automatisation with self-adoption start / stop
This covers systems without networked operation and optimized heating-up times.
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3. networked room automatisation with self-adoption and interaction
This covers systems with networked operation and optimized heating-up times.
5.2.6 Combined outside temperature for cool emission systems

In addition to the difference between room and outside temperature the cooling load is influenced

essentially by solar and internal gains. To account for this, the outside temperature is corrected by a

temperature difference to ensure adequate temperature differences between room and outside

temperature as reference value for the calculation of additional emission losses.

6 Calculation Method
6.1 Output data
The output data of this method are listed in Table 3.
Table 3 — Output data of this method
Validity
Description Symbol Unit Intended Varying
interval
auxiliary energy – heating / cooling
W kWh 0…∞ M3–1 YES
em,ls,aux
emission
additional energy losses of heat
Q kWh 0…∞ M3–1 YES
em,ls
emission
equivalent internal heating
θ °C −5 … 40 M3–1 YES
H;int;inc
temperature
equivalent internal cooling
θ °C −5 … 40 M4–1 YES
C;int;inc
temperature
temperature variation based on losses Δθ °C −5 … 40 M3–1 YES
int;inc
annual expenditure factor for the heat
- 1…2 M3–1 NO
em,,ls an
and cooling emission
convective fraction of the M3–1 /
f - 0..1 NO
em,conv
heating/cooling emitter M2–2
6.2 Calculation time steps

The objective of the calculation is to determine the annual energy demand or the energy demand of a

time period of the space heating / cooling emission system. This may be d
...