CEN ISO/TR 11811:2012
(Main)Nanotechnologies - Guidance on methods for nano- and microtribology measurements (ISO/TR 11811:2012)
Nanotechnologies - Guidance on methods for nano- and microtribology measurements (ISO/TR 11811:2012)
ISO/TR 11811:2012 establishes techniques for the evaluation of tribological performance of sliding contacts with a lateral size of between a few nanometres and 10 µm, and where the applied load is between 50 µN and 100 mN. It describes procedures for undertaking these measurements, and provides guidance on the effect of parameters on test results. It does not cover existing SPM techniques, such as frictional force microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Nanotechnologien - Leitfaden für nano- und mikrotribologische Messverfahren (ISO/TR 11811:2012)
Dieser Technische Bericht führt Techniken zur Bewertung des tribologischen Verhaltens von Gleitkontakten mit lateralen Abmessungen von einigen Nanometern (nm) bis 10 µm, bei denen die aufge-brachte Last zwischen 50 µN und 100 mN beträgt, ein. Er beschreibt Verfahren zur Durchführung dieser Messungen und bietet einen Leitfaden bezüglich des Einflusses der Messparameter auf die Prüfergebnisse. Die bestehenden SPM-Verfahren wie Reibungskraftmikroskopie und Rasterkraftmikroskopie (AFM) bleiben unberücksichtigt.
Nanotechnologies - Directives relatives aux méthodes de mesure en nano- et microtribologie (ISO/TR 11811:2012)
Nanotehnologija - Navodila za metode nano- in mikrotriboloških merjenj (ISO/TR 11811:2012)
To tehnično poročilo določa tehnike za vrednotenje tribološke zmogljivosti drsnih kontaktov z lateralno velikostjo od nekaj nanometrov (nm) do 10 μm, pri čemer je uporabljena obtežba od 50 μN do 100 mN. Opisuje postopke za izvedbo teh meritev in podaja napotke o učinku parametrov na rezultate preskusa. Ne zajema obstoječih tehnik SPM, kot sta mikroskopija s silo trenja in atomska mikroskopija (AFM).
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2012
Nanotehnologija - Navodila za metode nano- in mikrotriboloških merjenj (ISO/TR
11811:2012)
Nanotechnologies - Guidance on methods for nano- and microtribology measurements
(ISO/TR 11811:2012)
Nanotechnologien - Leitfaden für nano- und mikrotribologische Messverfahren (ISO/TR
11811:2012)
Nanotechnologies - Directives relatives aux méthodes de mesure en nano- et
microtribologie (ISO/TR 11811:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN ISO/TR 11811:2012
ICS:
07.120 Nanotehnologije Nanotechnologies
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN ISO/TR 11811
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
August 2012
ICS 07.030
English Version
Nanotechnologies - Guidance on methods for nano- and
microtribology measurements (ISO/TR 11811:2012)
Nanotechnologies - Directives relatives aux méthodes de Nanotechnologien - Leitfaden für nano- und
mesure en nano- et microtribologie (ISO/TR 11811:2012) mikrotribologische Messverfahren (ISO/TR 11811:2012)
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 9 August 2010. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 352.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
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EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN ISO/TR 11811:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Foreword
This document (CEN ISO/TR 11811:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 352
“Nanotechnologies", the secretariat of which is held by BSI, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC
229 "Nanotechnologies".
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 11811
First edition
2012-08-15
Nanotechnologies — Guidance on
methods for nano- and microtribology
measurements
Nanotechnologies — Directives relatives aux méthodes de mesure en
nano- et microtribologie
Reference number
ISO/TR 11811:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
ISO/TR 11811:2012(E)
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s
member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO/TR 11811:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction . v
1 Scope . 1
2 Terms and definitions . 1
3 Significance and use . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus and materials . 2
5.1 Test systems . 2
5.2 Test parameters . 4
6 Test procedure . 8
6.1 Different types of test . 8
6.2 Surface examination techniques . 11
7 Test reproducibility, repeatability and limits .12
8 Test report .12
Bibliography .13
ISO/TR 11811:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International
Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
In exceptional circumstances, when a technical committee has collected data of a different kind from that
which is normally published as an International Standard (“state of the art”, for example), it may decide by a
simple majority vote of its participating members to publish a Technical Report. A Technical Report is entirely
informative in nature and does not have to be reviewed until the data it provides are considered to be no longer
valid or useful.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO/TR 11811 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 352, Nanotechnologies, in collaboration with ISO Technical Committee ISO/TC 229, Nanotechnologies,
in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved
ISO/TR 11811:2012(E)
Introduction
Evaluation of wear and friction in systems where interactions occur in the nanoscale is becoming increasingly
important. There are two main areas of application. The first is in MEMS and NEMS devices, where tribological
issues can determine the overall performance of the device. It is also true that, in many cases, the tribological
performance of macroscale contacts depends on the combination of what occurs at the micro- and nanoscale
asperity contacts which actually take place when two surfaces come into contact.
The development of nanotribology testing provides a way of generating information and understanding these
small-scale contacts. This understanding can then be used to model the performance of microscale devices
and provide the basis for future models of sliding wear.
TECHNICAL REPORT ISO/TR 11811:2012(E)
Nanotechnologies — Guidance on methods for nano- and
microtribology measurements
IMPORTANT — The electronic file of this document contains colours which are considered to be
useful for the correct understanding of the document. Users should therefore consider printing this
document using a colour printer.
1 Scope
This Technical Report establishes techniques for the evaluation of tribological performance of sliding contacts
with a lateral size of between a few nanometres (nm) and 10 µm, and where the applied load is between
50 µN and 100 mN. It describes procedures for undertaking these measurements, and provides guidance on
the effect of parameters on test results. It does not cover existing SPM techniques, such as frictional force
microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
wear
damage to a solid surface, generally involving progressive loss of material, due to relative motion between that
surface and a contacting substance or substances
[ASTM G40]
2.2
frictional force
resisting force tangential to the interface between two bodies where, under the action of an external force, one
body moves or tends to move relative to the other
[ASTM G40]
2.3
coefficient of friction
µ
f
dimensionless ratio of the frictional force, F, between two bodies to the normal force, N, pressing these
bodies together
[ASTM G40)]
NOTE 1 µ = F/N.
NOTE 2 µ ≥ 0.
3 Significance and use
This Technical Report provides guidance on how to carry out micro- and nanotribology tests, paying particular
attention to the likely effect of test conditions and test parameters on the results to be obtained. This Technical
Report does not specify a particular set of test conditions which should be used in a test. Appropriate test
conditions should be chosen after considering the eventual application for the materials being evaluated.
ISO/TR 11811:2012(E)
4 Principle
Tribology tests are conducted in test systems, which are designed to press one sample against another with a
controlled relative force, while also imposing controlled relative motion. Conventionally, sliding/rolling tests are
carried out with samples where the nominal contact areas have dimensions of several millimetres or more, and
with test loads of the order of 1 N or greater. The focus of this Technical Report is on tribological tests where
the contact areas have dimensions of between a few nanometres (nm) and 100 mN, and the loads are between
50 µN and 100 mN.
Both friction and wear can be measured using these tests. A major aim of the tests is to provide information on
the tribological performance of materials at the micro- and nanoscale. This information can be used to develop
an understanding of the nanoscale mechanisms, which determine the wear and friction performance of the
materials and the dependence of these mechanisms on the structure of the material.
Application areas for these measurements are
— micro- and nanoscale devices where there are sliding/rolling contacts, and
— the simulation of micro- and nanoscale contacts, which underlie all macroscale tribological contacts.
5 Apparatus and materials
5.1 Test systems
5.1.1 Typical probe and sample geometries
Typically, a probe with a well-defined geometry is used to contact a flat sample (see 5.2.11). It is often important
to simulate real contacts in these tests, where features such as the shape of the contact and geometrical
parameters, such as the radius of curvature of the tip that is in contact in the real application are reproduced.
The assumed contact geometry, such as a pointed cone, cannot always be assumed to be correct at the
contact scales experienced in the tests described in this Technical Report. The real contact geometry almost
always has a rounded form at the very end of the contact probe. If a series of tests is to be carried out, it is also
important to consider the repeatability of the probe geometry so that contact conditions can be repeated from
one test to the next. Other details of the samples are given in this Technical Report.
Although the words “probe” and “sample” are used in this subclause and in many places throughout this
Technical Report, it should be emphasized that wear and damage to both probe and sample can take place.
5.1.2 Holding samples
The sample and probe need to be held firmly and in a well-defined way so that only intended motion of the
samples can take place. Mechanical clamping of samples is often preferable, but in some cases, an adhesive
may be used to hol
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