CEN/TS 16011:2013
(Main)Plastics - Recycled plastics - Sample preparation
Plastics - Recycled plastics - Sample preparation
This Technical Specification specifies the preparation of samples of recycled plastics prior to testing and takes account of the specifics of the material.
Sample preparation should avoid any process that causes 'de-mixing' of the sample. Following preparation, the sample should remain representative.
The behaviour of contaminants should be carefully analysed and observed to ensure this is homogeneous.
This Technical Specification does not address any legal or product safety issues.
Kunststoffe - Kunststoff-Rezyklate - Probenvorbereitung
Die vorliegende Technische Spezifikation legt die Probenvorbereitung von Kunststoff-Rezyklaten unter Berücksichtigung der Besonderheiten des Materials fest.
Während der Probenvorbereitung sollten alle Abläufe vermieden werden, die eine Entmischung der Probe verursachen. Nach der Probenvorbereitung sollte die Probe repräsentativ bleiben.
Das Verhalten von Kontaminanten sollte gründlich untersucht und beobachtet werden, um sicherzustellen, dass es homogen ist.
Diese Technische Spezifikation geht auf keine rechtlichen Fragen und Fragen der Produktsicherheit ein.
Plastiques - Plastiques recyclés - Préparation des échantillons
La présente Spécification Technique spécifie la préparation des échantillons de plastiques recyclés avant les
essais et tient compte des spécificités des matériaux.
Il convient que la préparation des échantillons évite toute opération entraînant une ségrégation de
l'échantillon. Après la préparation, il convient que l'échantillon reste représentatif.
Il convient que le comportement des contaminants soit analysé avec attention et observé afin de vérifier son
homogénéité.
La présente Spécification Technique ne couvre aucun aspect légal ni problème de sécurité lié aux produits.
Polimerni materiali - Reciklirani polimerni materiali - Priprava vzorcev
Ta tehnična specifikacija določa pripravo vzorcev recikliranih polimernih materialov pred preskušanjem in upošteva posebne lastnosti materiala. Pri pripravi vzorcev se je potrebno izogniti kateremu koli postopku, ki povzroča separacijo sestave vzorca. Po pripravi mora vzorec ostati reprezentativen. Za zagotovitev homogenosti je treba vedenje kontaminantov podrobno analizirati in upoštevati. Ta tehnična specifikacija ne zajema pravnih težav ali težav z varnostjo proizvoda.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2014
Polimerni materiali - Reciklirani polimerni materiali - Priprava vzorcev
Plastics - Recycled plastics - Sample preparation
Kunststoffe - Kunststoff-Rezyklate - Probenvorbereitung
Plastiques - Plastiques recyclés - Préparation des échantillons
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 16011:2013
ICS:
13.030.50 Recikliranje Recycling
83.080.01 Polimerni materiali na Plastics in general
splošno
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 16011
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
January 2013
ICS 13.030.50; 83.080.01
English Version
Plastics - Recycled plastics - Sample preparation
Plastiques - Plastiques recyclés - Préparation des Kunststoffe - Kunststoff-Rezyklate - Probenvorbereitung
échantillons
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 22 October 2012 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 16011:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Symbols and abbreviations .5
5 General requirements .5
6 Sampling .6
7 Methods .6
8 Precision of sample preparation .9
9 Bias in sample preparation .9
10 Packing and marking of samples . 10
Annex A (normative) Principles of sample preparation . 11
Annex B (informative) Sample preparation schemes . 21
Bibliography . 23
Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 16011:2013) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 249 “Plastics”, the
secretariat of which is held by NBN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This Technical Specification is one part of a series of CEN publications on Plastics Recycling that is structured
as follows:
EN 15342, Plastics — Recycled Plastics — Characterization of polystyrene (PS) recyclates
EN 15343, Plastics — Recycled Plastics — Plastics recycling traceability and assessment of conformity
and recycled content
EN 15344, Plastics — Recycled Plastics — Characterisation of Polyethylene (PE) recyclates
EN 15345, Plastics — Recycled Plastics — Characterisation of Polypropylene (PP) recyclates
EN 15346, Plastics — Recycled plastics — Characterisation of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) recyclates
EN 15347, Plastics — Recycled Plastics — Characterisation of plastics wastes
EN 15348, Plastics — Recycled plastic — Characterization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)
recyclates
CEN/TR 15353, Plastics — Recycled Plastics — Guidelines for the development of standards for
recycled plastics
CEN/TS 16010, Plastics — Recycled plastics — Sampling procedures for testing plastics waste and
recyclates
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
Recycling of plastics waste is one type of material recovery process intended to save resources (virgin raw
materials, water, energy), while minimising harmful emissions into air, water and soil as well as their impacts
on human health. The environmental impact of recycling should be assessed over the whole life cycle of the
recycling system (from the waste generation point to the disposal of final residues). To ensure that recycling
constitutes the best environmental option for treating the available waste, some prerequisites should
preferably be met:
the recycling scheme being contemplated should generate lower environmental impacts than alternative
recovery options;
existing or potential market outlets should be identified that will secure a sustainable industrial recycling
operation;
the collection and sorting schemes should be properly designed to deliver recyclable plastics waste
fractions fitting reasonably well with the available recycling technologies and with the (changing) needs of
the identified market outlets, preferably at minimum costs for society.
This Technical Specification has been produced in accordance with the guidance produced by CEN on
Environmental Aspects and in accordance with CEN/TR 15353, Plastics — Recycled Plastics — Guidelines
for the development of standards for recycled plastics.
NOTE CEN/TR 15353 considers the general environmental aspects which are specific to the recycling process.
The purpose of this Technical Specification is to define the procedures to be followed to prepare samples
taken in accordance with CEN/TS 16010 in readiness for testing various material characteristics as set out in
other relevant standards for recycled plastics (EN 15342 to EN 15348).
It is not the intention of this Technical Specification to develop new sample preparation methods.
1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies the preparation of samples of recycled plastics prior to testing and takes
account of the specifics of the material.
Sample preparation should avoid any process that causes 'de-mixing' of the sample. Following preparation,
the sample should remain representative.
The behaviour of contaminants should be carefully analysed and observed to ensure this is homogeneous.
This Technical Specification does not address any legal or product safety issues.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
CEN/TR 15353:2007, Plastics — Recycled plastics — Guidelines for the development of standards for
recycled plastics
CEN/TS 16010, Plastics — Recycled plastics — Sampling procedures for testing plastics waste and
recyclates
EN ISO 472:2001, Plastics — Vocabulary (ISO 472:1999)
ISO 3085, Iron ores — Experimental methods for checking the precision of sampling, sample preparation and
measurement
ISO 3086, Iron ores — Experimental methods for checking the bias of sampling
ISO 11648-1, Statistical aspects of sampling from bulk materials — Part 1: General principles
ISO 11648-2:2001, Statistical aspects of sampling from bulk materials — Part 2: Sampling of particulate
materials
ISO 13909-7, Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 7: Methods for determining the precision of
sampling, sample preparation and testing
ISO 13909-8, Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 8: Methods of testing for bias
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms, definitions and abbreviated terms given in EN ISO 472:2001, in
CEN/TR 15353:2007 apply.
4 Symbols and abbreviations
C coefficient of variation
v
5 General requirements
5.1 Implementation
Successful implementation of this Technical Specification depends on effective communication between the
data user, the sampler and test laboratory. The aim is to close the information chain of the whole processes
around the sampling in combination with the laboratory analysis.
NOTE The data user could be the supplier, purchaser or a third party.
5.2 Instructions
The appropriate instructions for sampling, sample preparation and testing shall be reviewed by all those
involved in the sampling and testing process. If there are no instructions, the test laboratory should contact the
data user.
5.3 Storage
Samples should be collected in appropriate containers for the tests required. The storage conditions shall
ensure that the sample characteristics do not change.
5.4 Documentation
The whole sampling and sub-sampling process shall be documented with all relevant facts recorded. It is also
useful to record the apparatus used and their calibration details.
5.5 Sample preparation rooms
All sample preparations shall be done in rooms or at places which do not influence the samples, or where the
influence is negligible. All these areas shall be free from contamination, be easily decontaminated and be
vented to control dust and remove fumes. It is good laboratory practice to avoid unnecessary flame, heat and
fume.
5.6 Volatiles
If volatiles and non-volatiles are to be determined, then precautions shall be taken to ensure that the volatiles
are not able to escape during the sampling and sample preparation process.
6 Sampling
Take the sample in accordance with CEN/TS 16010.
7 Methods
7.1 General
The general principles of sample preparation are described in Annex A and ISO 11648-2.
7.2 Determination of the minimum laboratory sample
The determination of the minimum laboratory sample is dependent on the characteristics and properties to be
tested. It should be noted that the minimum mass of the laboratory analysis sample increases with the
maximum grain size or mass of the individual particle of the sample.
In Table 1 the relationship is given between the maximum particle size and sample mass to achieve a different
fundamental error with 15 %, 10 % and 5 %. The determination of this minimum value is dependent on the
maximum mass/particle size of the material being analysed, the required measurement tolerance and the
statistical probability value with which the result is correlated. If no information is available, the minimum value
of the laboratory sample should be determined by Table 1. Note the different coefficients of variation C .
v
Samples for the determination of moisture should be a minimum of 1 kg, see 7.5.2.
Table 1 — Minimum value of the laboratory sample
Required minimum Maximum Maximum Maximum Sieve size
mass of the allowable particle allowable particle allowable particle (ISO 565)
a a a
laboratory sample size size size
g cm cm cm
C < 15 % C < 10 % C < 5 %
v v v
0,1 0,05 0,04 0,03 500 µm
1 0,10 0,08 0,06 1,0 mm
2 0,13 0,10 0,08 1,4 mm
5 0,17 0,13 0,10 1,7 mm
10 0,21 0,16 0,13 2,0 mm
30 0,31 0,24 0,19 2,8 mm
50 0,37 0,28 0,22 3,35 mm
100 0,46 0,35 0,28 4,0 mm
a
The particle size is dependent on the maximum linear dimension of the particle. It is the determined effective
.
size or size distribution of particles, mostly done by manual or automatic sieves.
7.3 Homogenisation of samples
Suitable equipment for sample homogenisation and division are the riffle splitter or the sectorial splitter.
7.4 Sample preparation before mechanical testing
The preparation of samples before mechanical testing is depend
...
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