ENV 1006:2003
(Main)Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - Guidance on the selection of test pieces for the evaluation of properties
Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - Guidance on the selection of test pieces for the evaluation of properties
Hochleistungskeramik - Monolithische Keramik - Leitlinie zur Auswahl von Proben für die Beurteilung von Eigenschaften
Diese Europäische Vornorm gibt eine Leitlinie zur Auswahl von Proben für die Bewertung von Eigenschaften. Es werden auch auf zu achtende, wichtige Faktoren in Bezug auf die Vorbereitung von Proben, die großen Bauteilen oder Blöcken entnommen werden, beschrieben.
Céramiques techniques avancées - Céramiques monolithiques - Guide pour la sélection des éprouvettes destinées à l'évaluation des propriétés
Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - Guidance on the selection of test pieces for the evaluation of properties
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ENV 1006:2004
01-januar-2004
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ENV 1006:2000
Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - Guidance on the selection of
test pieces for the evaluation of properties
Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - Guidance on the selection of test
pieces for the evaluation of properties
Hochleistungskeramik - Monolithische Keramik - Leitlinie zur Auswahl von Proben für die
Beurteilung von Eigenschaften
Céramiques techniques avancées - Céramiques monolithiques - Guide pour la sélection
des éprouvettes destinées a l'évaluation des propriétés
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ENV 1006:2003
ICS:
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
SIST ENV 1006:2004 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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SIST ENV 1006:2004
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SIST ENV 1006:2004
EUROPEAN PRESTANDARD
ENV 1006
PRÉNORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE VORNORM
March 2003
ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes ENV 1006:1993
English version
Advanced technical ceramics - Monolithic ceramics - Guidance
on the selection of test pieces for the evaluation of properties
Céramiques techniques avancées - Céramiques Hochleistungskeramik - Monolithische Keramik - Leitlinie
monolithiques - Guide pour la sélection des éprouvettes zur Auswahl von Proben für die Beurteilung von
destinées à l'évaluation des propriétés Eigenschaften
This European Prestandard (ENV) was approved by CEN on 21 November 2002 as a prospective standard for provisional application.
The period of validity of this ENV is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the ENV can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this ENV in the same way as for an EN and to make the ENV available promptly
at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the ENV) until the final
decision about the possible conversion of the ENV into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. ENV 1006:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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SIST ENV 1006:2004
ENV 1006:2003 (E)
Contents
page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope.5
2 Normative references.5
3 Terms and definitions.5
4 Selection of test-pieces .5
4.1 General .5
4.2 Material homogeneity and anisotropy .5
4.3 Test method accuracy .6
4.4 Sampling schemes for individual manufactured items.6
4.5 Sampling attributes of physically large units or blocks of material.7
4.6 Relevant evaluation criteria for ceramic components .7
Annex A (informative) Mechanical proof-testing.9
Bibliography .10
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ENV 1006:2003 (E)
Foreword
This document (ENV 1006:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184,
"Advanced technical ceramics", the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Prestandard supersedes ENV 1006:1993 with improved attention to the machining of
test pieces from larger items and with the addition of an informative annex dealing with general issues
of proof testing.
In this European Prestandard the annex A is informative.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to announce this European Prestandard: Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United
Kingdom.
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ENV 1006:2003 (E)
Introduction
Advanced technical ceramics have a wide range of applications and functions, and in the as-
manufactured condition have characteristics which require inspection by a variety of techniques not
commonly adopted for other classes of material, e.g. mechanical proof testing.
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ENV 1006:2003 (E)
1 Scope
This European Prestandard gives guidance on selection of test-pieces for the evaluation of properties. Important
factors requiring attention in the preparation of test samples from large components or blocks of material are also
described.
2 Normative references
This European Prestandard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Prestandard
only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication
referred to applies (including amendments).
ISO 3951, Sampling procedures and charts for inspection by variables for percent nonconforming.
NOTE Additional ISO Standards for statistical analysis are listed in the Bibliography.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Prestandard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
batch
population of manufactured units from which a sample is to be taken for inspection and/or testing to determine
conformance with acceptability criteria. A batch shall, as far as practicable, consist of manufactured units of a single
type, grade, size and composition, manufactured under essentially the same conditions at the same time
NOTE Sometimes referred to as a "lot".
3.2
sample
sample consists of one or more manufactured units taken from a batch, these being selected at random without regard
for their quality
3.3
sample size
number of units in a sample
4 Selection of test-pieces
4.1 General
The basis of any inspection of any material or batch of manufactured units is to obtain sound information on their
fitness for purpose (quality). Advanced technical ceramics are diverse in material, format, and application, as are the
methods devised to test their fitness for purpose. Before arranging any inspection or testing scheme it is wise to
consider in depth the nature of the material, its final format in relation to test-pieces required for tests, the accuracy of
test methods, and the failure criticality in its application.
NOTE It is not the purpose of this Prestandard to define criteria for fitness for purpose. This is subject to agreement
between parties.
4.2 Material homogeneity and anisotropy
4.2.1 Most advanced technical ceramic materials are made by powder technology processes involving the
formation of a rigidized powder mass (e.g. pressing, slip casting, etc.) before subjecting this to a densification
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ENV 1006:2003 (E)
process (e.g. sintering, reaction bonding, hot pressing). The homogeneity and isotropy of the rigidized powder
mass and the control imposed during the subsequent densification process can exert a considerable influence on
the homogeneity of the final densified product. Consequently, attributes can vary from one place to another within a
component or between components of the same batch.
4.2.2 One of the principal sources of a variation of attributes is density, arising from inhomogeneity of unfired
(green) density, which has a subsequent significant effect on many mechanical properties. Large localised
variations in unfired density are usually manifest as excessive distortion in firing, porous regions, or cracking. Other
varying attributes are grain size (usually resulting from varying heat treatment conditions between components),
and chemical composition (usually resulting from inhomogeneous interaction between initial powder particles or
between particles and the atmosphere, perhaps involving the migration of species).
4.2.3 Material inhomogeneity is most prevalent in large components or blocks of material, or in components
requiring special firing conditions. It is frequently met with during material development but is usually minimised
during commercial product development.
Material anisotropy is sometimes encountered in materials which have some form of directional microstructure. This
may result, for example, from a combination of the initial powder particle shape and the rigidizing process to make a
green shape, or during firing if uniaxial hot pressing is employed. Attributes subsequently determined can be dependent
on the direction in which a test-piece is cut and in which the property or characteristic is determined.
4.3 Test method accuracy
4.3.1 Most test methods specifically developed for advanced technical ceramics have associated with them a
possible uncertainty of result determined by the accuracy of individual contributions from each parameter involved
in the measurement. The potential uncertainties arising shall be taken into account when examining the
consistency of a parameter within a batch of units or between batches, or examining whether it meets a given
specification level.
4.3.2 It should be noted that in cases where the scatter of results of a test is similar to or less than that
attributable to the accuracy of test method, the test is clearly unable to distinguish between individual test-pieces or
samples. An improvement of the accuracy level of the chosen test or an alternative test method should be sought.
4.3.3 Certain tests for advanced technical ceramics produce a wide scatter of results as a consequence, for
example, of the influence of occasional flaws or other defects, e.g. a strength test or dielectric breakdown test. The
results from such tests shall be treated statistically (see, e.g. ENV 843-5 for strength tests), and the confidence
level of the mean result or other parameters should be calculated such that the degree of discrimination between
results from different batches, or between a set of results and a specification value, is clearly understood.
4.4 Sampling schemes for individual manufactured items
4.4.1 Sampling schemes are conventionally divided into those for inspection by attributes, e.g. ISO 2859-1, or by
variables (e.g. ISO 3591). The
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