EN ISO 13426-1:2003
(Main)Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Strength of internal structural junctions - Part 1: Geocells (ISO 13426-1:2003)
Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Strength of internal structural junctions - Part 1: Geocells (ISO 13426-1:2003)
This standard describes index test methods for the determination of the strength of internal structural junctions of geocells under different loading conditions.
Geotextilien und geotextilverwandte Produkte - Festigkeit produktinterner Verbindungen - Teil 1: Geozellen (ISO 13426-1:2003)
Diese Norm beschreibt Indexprüfverfahren zur Bestimmung der Festigkeit produktinterner Verbindungen an Geozellen unter verschiedenen Belastungsbedingungen.
Géotextiles et produits apparentés - Résistance des liaisons de structures internes - Partie 1: Géosynthétiques alvéolaires (ISO 13426-1:2003)
La présente norme décrit des méthodes d'essai de référence pour la détermination de la résistance des liaisons de structure des géosynthétiques alvéolaires dans différentes conditions de contrainte.
Geotekstilije in geotekstilijam sorodni proizvodi - Moč notranjih gradbenih spojev - 1. del: Geocelice (ISO 13426-1:2003)
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2003
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Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Strength of internal structural junctions -
Part 1: Geocells (ISO 13426-1:2003)
Geotextilien und geotextilverwandte Produkte - Festigkeit produktinterner Verbindungen -
Teil 1: Geozellen (ISO 13426-1:2003)
Géotextiles et produits apparentés - Résistance des liaisons de structures internes -
Partie 1: Géosynthétiques alvéolaires (ISO 13426-1:2003)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 13426-1:2003
ICS:
59.080.70 Geotekstilije Geotextiles
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 13426-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2003
ICS 59.080.70
English version
Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Strength of internal
structural junctions - Part 1: Geocells (ISO 13426-1:2003)
Géotextiles et produits apparentés - Résistance des Geotextilien und geotextilverwandte Produkte - Festigkeit
liaisons de structures internes - Partie 1: Géosynthétiques produktinterner Verbindungen - Teil 1: Geozellen (ISO
alvéolaires (ISO 13426-1:2003) 13426-1:2003)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 August 2002.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 13426-1:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents
page
Foreword.3
Introduction .3
1 Scope .3
2 Normative references.4
3 Terms and definitions .4
4 Principle.4
4.1 Method A: Tensile shear test (Figure 1).5
4.2 Method B: Peeling test (Figure 2) .5
4.3 Method C: Splitting test (Figure 3) .5
4.4 Method D: Local overstressing test (Figure 4) .5
5 Conditioning of specimens .5
6 Test specimens.6
7 Apparatus.6
7.1 Tensile testing machine .6
7.2 Clamps .6
8 Test procedure.6
9 Calculations .7
9.1 General.7
9.2 Method A: Tensile shear .7
9.3 Method B: Peeling.7
9.4 Method C: Splitting.7
9.5 Method D: Local overstressing.8
10 Test report .8
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 13426-1:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 189 "Geosynthetics",
the secretariat of which is held by IBN, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 221 "Geosynthetics".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by July 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by
July 2003.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
Geocells are geotextile-related products composed of single strips interconnected in several possible ways
(extrusion, thermal bonding, gluing, hot melt, stitching, etc) to form a panel of adjacent cells, where generally the
contact between two elements occurs along lines or in specific points, and not uniformly on the whole surface.
These lines or points are referred to as "junctions".
A geocell junction may fail in four different ways:
1) by shear (see Figure 1): when failure is caused by a force parallel to the junction itself;
2) by peeling or delamination (see Figure 2): when failure is caused by a force, normal to the junction, which
separates the cells from each other at one edge of the junction;
3) by tensile stress (see Figure 3): when a force, normal to the junction, pulls away the two cells adjacent to the
junction;
4) by local overstressing (see e.g. Figure 4: geocells secured with pins) : when the fixation element locally
overstresses the junction, leading to a compression, shear or peel failure.
NOTE This can be considered as a performance property, in the same way as a tensile test on seams/joints.
It is therefore impossible to define one single testing method for measuring the junction strength of geocells. Hence
this standard includes the principles for testing the four failure mechanisms explained above. These principles
should be adapted to each single product. In order to avoid confusion about the interpretation of figures, reference
should be made to the exact test method in test reports and data sheets, e.g. EN ISO 13426-1, method A – shear
strength of internal structural junctions.
1 Scope
This standard describes index test methods for the determination of the strength of internal structural junctions of
geocells under different loading conditions.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 963, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products - Sampling and
preparation of test specimens (ISO 9862:1990)
EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials - Verification of static uniaxial testing machines -
Part 1: Tension/compression testing machines (ISO 7500-1:1999)
ISO 554, Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing –
Specifications
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply:
3.1
geocell
three-dimensional, permeable, polymeric (synthetic or natural) honeycomb or web structure made of strips linked in
a staggered pattern, used to hold soil particles, roots and small plants for erosion control and soil containment
applications in civil engineering
3.2
junction
point, line or area where two strips are connected to form the unit cells of a geocell structure
3.3
fastening system
system (staples, pegs, U-shaped bars, etc.) used to fix the geocells to the ground at single points
3.4
nominal cell size
length L (in machine direction) and width W (in cross-machine direction) of the cell when opened according to the
c c
specification
4 Principle
Specimens of geocells are tested in accordance with one or more of the following four test methods representing
different stress modes.
NOTE 1 It is possible that, for some products, not all four test methods can be applied.
NOTE 2 In order to perform the tests correctly, information about the nominal open cell sizes (L , W ) and the direction of
c c
installation of the geocells panels, e.g. with the machine direction down the slope or parallel to the contour lines, should be
provided.
4.1 Method A: Tensile shear test (Figure 1)
This test is performed on a X-shaped specimen cut from a geocell panel. The junction forms the centre of the ‘X’.
The left upper leg and the right lower leg of the ‘X’ are trimmed close to the junction. The two remaining legs are
mounted in the clamps of a tensile testing machine. The specimen is tested at constant rate of strain and the peak
tensile shear resistance is measured and recorded.
4.2 Method B: Peeling test (Figure 2)
This test is performed on a X-shaped specimen cut from a geocell panel. Both upper legs of the ‘X’ are mounted in
the clamps of a tensile testing machine and tested at constant rate of strain until peel failure of the junction occurs.
The peak peel resistance is measured and recorded. For products having a non-symmetric junction, the peel test
shall be performed on the upper legs and on the lower legs.
4.3 Method C: Splitting test (Figure 3)
This test is performed on a X-shaped specimen cut from a geocell panel. The left legs of the ‘X’ are mounted in a
special clamp keeping the edges of the legs apart at a specified distance.
NOTE The right legs are mounted in a similar way. This simulates the aperture of the cells when installed with the machine
direction parallel to the contour lines of the slope.
The specimen shall be placed in the clamps at the same cell aperture as indicated by the nominal cell size (L , W ).
c c
The specimen shall be mounted slightly in tension, i.e. without any slack. The two clamps are inserted in a tensile
testing machine and tested at constant rate of strain until a tensile split failure of the junction occurs. The peak split
resistance is measured and recorded.
4.4 Method D: Local overstressing test (Figure 4)
This test is performed on a X-shaped specimen cut from the geocell panel, the upper and lower legs being oriented
in the production direction. The upper legs of the ‘X’ are mounted in a special clamp keeping the edges of the two
legs apart at a specified distance. The lower legs are mounted in a similar way.
NOTE This simulates the aperture of the cells when installed.
The two clamps are mounted in a tensile testing machine. A steel rod or wooden peg, or any other means
simulating a real fastening system, is placed across and over the junction, and fixed to the base of the testing
machine. The specimen is tested at a constant rate of strain until failure occurs due to plasticization of the junction
by the fastening system. The maximum tensile strength is measured and recorded. When geocells are installed
with the machine direction along the contour lines, the specimen shall be mounted in the clamps as shown in
Figure 3. For products having a non-symmetric junction, this test shall be performed twice, i.e. by mounting the
upper legs as well as the lower legs in the moving clamp.
5 Conditioning of specimens
Test specimens shall be conditioned and the tests conducted in the standard atmosphere for testing, defined in
ISO 554, i.e. at a temperature of (20 ± 2) °C and a relative humidity of (65 ± 2) %
NOTE Conditioning and/or testing at a specified relative humidity may be omitted if it can be
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