prEN ISO/ASTM 52939

Additive Manufacturing for construction - Qualification principles - Structural and infrastructure elements (ISO/ASTM/DIS 52939:2022)

This  document  defines  the  requirements  for  building  and  construction  projects  in  which  additive  manufacturing (AM) techniques are used. The requirements are independent of the material and printing method used.
This   document   specifies   the   criteria   for   additive   manufacturing   processes   and   quality-relevant characteristics and factors along the AM system operations and defines activities and sequences within an AM cell (Additive manufacturing site) and project.
This standard applies to all additive manufacturing technologies in building and construction (load bearing &  non-load  bearing),  structural  and  infrastructure  building  elements  for  residential  and  commercial  applications and follows an approach oriented to the manufacturing process..
Local H&S standards and environmental aspects are not covered in this standard but should be applied. Design approvals, material property characterisation and testing are are not covered in this standard.

Additive Fertigung für das Bauwesen - Grundsätze der Qualifizierung - Struktur- und Infrastrukturelemente (ISO/ASTM/DIS 52939:2022)

Fabrication additive pour la construction - Principes de qualification - Eléments de structure et d'infrastructure (ISO/ASTM/DIS 52939:2022)

Aditivna proizvodnja v gradbeništvu - Kvalifikacija - Strukturni in infrastrukturni elementi (ISO/ASTM/DIS 52939:2022)

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 12-Nov-2024
• ICS: 25.030 - Additive manufacturing
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 438 - Additive Manufacturing
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 438 - Additive Manufacturing
• Current Stage: 4599 - Dispatch of FV draft to CMC - Finalization for Vote
• Start Date: 29-Jun-2023
• Completion Date: 29-Jun-2023
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022 - Additive Manufacturing for construction - Qualification principles - Structural and infrastructure elements (ISO/ASTM/DIS 52939:2022)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022
01-december-2022
Aditivna proizvodnja v gradbeništvu - Kvalifikacija - Strukturni in infrastrukturni
elementi (ISO/ASTM/DIS 52939:2022)
Additive Manufacturing for construction - Qualification principles - Structural and
infrastructure elements (ISO/ASTM/DIS 52939:2022)
Additive Fertigung für das Bauwesen - Grundsätze der Qualifizierung - Struktur- und
Infrastrukturelemente (ISO/ASTM/DIS 52939:2022)
Fabrication additive pour la construction - Principes de qualification - Eléments de
structure et d'infrastructure (ISO/ASTM/DIS 52939:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO/ASTM 52939
ICS:
25.030 3D-tiskanje Additive manufacturing
oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022

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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/ASTM DIS 52939
ISO/TC 261 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2022-10-18 2023-01-10
Additive Manufacturing for construction — Qualification
principles — Structural and infrastructure elements
Fabrication additive pour la construction — Principes de qualification — Eléments de structure et
d'infrastructure
ICS: 25.030
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/ASTM DIS 52939:2022(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO/ASTM International 2022

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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022
ISO/ASTM DIS 52939:2022(E)
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/ASTM DIS 52939
ISO/TC 261 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:

Additive Manufacturing for construction — Qualification
principles — Structural and infrastructure elements
Fabrication additive pour la construction — Principes de qualification — Eléments de structure et
d'infrastructure
ICS: 25.030
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/ASTM International 2022 THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. In the United States, such requests should be sent to ASTM International.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
ISO copyright office ASTM International
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USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
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STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
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POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
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WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
Website: www.iso.org Website: www.astm.org ISO/ASTM DIS 52939:2022(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
Published in Switzerland
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
ii
  © ISO/ASTM International 2022 – All rights reserved
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO/ASTM International 2022

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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022
ISO/ASTM DIS 52939:2022(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Constructability, Assessment and Review . 3
4.1 General . 3
4.2 AC feasibility assessment . 4
4.3 Validation plan . 5
5 Infrastructure of the AC cell . 5
6 Qualification of the additive construction process. 8
6.1 Quality-relevant process steps within the additive construction process . 8
6.2 Data preparation . 9
6.3 Requirements for the material management . 10
6.4 System related pre-processing. 10
6.5 Built Process guidance . 11
6.6 System (default) post-processing . 13
6.7 Process qualification . 14
7 Quality assurance .14
7.1 General . 14
7.2 Personnel requirements . .15
7.3 Documentation and tracing of the process steps . 16
7.4 Quality controls . 17
7.5 Delivery and Logistics . . 18
Annex A (informative) Supplementary Information .19
Annex B (informative) AC Exemplary Quality Assurance Examples .26
Annex C (informative) Examples of Quality Assurance steps in Built Process Guidance .29
Annex D (informative) Specific Process Examples .31
Bibliography .33
iii
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022
ISO/ASTM DIS 52939:2022(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 261, Additive manufacturing, in cooperation
with ASTM Committee F42, Additive Manufacturing Technologies, on the basis of a partnership
agreement between ISO and ASTM International with the aim to create a common set of ISO/ASTM
standards on Additive Manufacturing
iv
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022
ISO/ASTM DIS 52939:2022(E)
Introduction
The construction sector is increasingly facing challenges with respect to labour shortages, project
delays, increased lead times, excessive material use, large amounts of waste and adverse CO footprint
2
impacts. Furthermore, from a market perspective, the global construction demand is increasing
especially as the housing crisis continues and infrastructure projects (whether new or sustaining
existing structures) are on the increase. Additive Construction (AC) is capable of addressing all of these
issues directly. Synonyms such as Additive Manufacturing (AM) and 3D Construction Printing (3DCP)
are also used in the industry. Within this standard, the term Additive Construction is used.
Of recent, AC has made great strides. Printed elements could potentially prove to be more durable, more
sustainable, more eco-friendly, cheaper (en masse), and faster to deliver than conventional construction
approaches. However, without AC standard, approval, certification, and especially risk mitigation is
unattainable.
The focus of this document is to outline the requirements necessary as a basis for production and
delivery of high quality additively manufactured structures (residential or infrastructure) in the
construction sector.
Important steps relating to the AC process are defined, which are to be controlled and monitored in
order to ensure high quality printed structures whether on or off-site. This document is not intended
to be technology or material specific, and therefore sub-processes are applicable or can be disregarded,
depending on the approach used. It should be noted however, printed element(s) will need to be
approved by a locally certified engineer and adhere to local/regional specifications and requirements.
v
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022

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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/ASTM DIS 52939:2022(E)
Additive Manufacturing for construction — Qualification
principles — Structural and infrastructure elements
1 Scope
This document defines quality assurance requirements for Additive Construction (AC) concerning
building and construction projects in which additive manufacturing techniques are used for
construction. The requirements are independent of the material/materials and process category used.
This document specifies the criteria for additive construction processes, quality-relevant
characteristics, and factors along AC system operations. It further defines activities and sequences
within an AC cell (Additive construction site) and project.
This standard applies to all additive manufacturing technologies in building and construction (load
bearing & non load bearing), structural and infrastructure building elements for residential and
commercial applications and follows an approach oriented to the process.
Environmental, health and safety aspects that apply to printing facility setup, material handling,
operating of robotic equipment, on-site and/or offsite printing, and packing of equipment and/or
elements for shipping are not covered within this standard but should be applied based on material
supplier guidelines, robotic solution operating guidelines, and local and regional requirements.
Design approvals, material property characterisation and testing are not covered in this standard.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 21930, Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works — Core rules for environmental product
declarations of construction products and services
ISO/ASTM 52950, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Overview of data processing
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/ASTM 52900 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
Additive Manufacturing for Construction (AMC)
process to join materials to make structural and non-structural elements/components and systems
from 3D model data usually by depositing material layer upon layer as opposed to subtractive and
formative manufacturing methodologies
1
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022
ISO/ASTM DIS 52939:2022(E)
3.2
Additive Construction (AC)
term to describe all relevant disciplines and knowledge for the construction segment using Additive
Manufacturing and 3D printing technologies
Note 1 to entry: The use of the technologies covers all relevant construction sectors, e.g. large scale real estate
projects, entire buildings and building elements, civil infrastructure, and disaster relief.
Note 2 to entry: AC describes all relevant knowledge disciplines, for example: architecture, engineering,
structural engineering, materials engineering, robot operator, project management, construction management,
facility management, etc.
Note 3 to entry: other terms used interchangeably are: Digital Construction (DC), Construction 4.0, Advanced
Manufacturing in Construction (AMC), Construction 3D Printing (C3DP) and 3D Construction Printing (3DCP).
Note 4 to entry: building materials include:
— Cementitious variations such as concrete and mortar, polymer modified pastes,
— Composite materials.
Note 5 to entry: intrinsic to the current definition is a high degree of robotic automation, a low degree of human
intervention during the construction process, and minimal waste due to as-needed material delivery systems.
Note 6 to entry: as of this writing in 2022, the field of AC is rapidly evolving, and novel materials and methods are
very likely to become included in this definition.
3.3
AM System Operations
plant/solution which maps the Additive Construction System in operation for end applications
EXAMPLE Industrial AC service provider or internal department of larger company, or an AM Cell solution
with an end-to-end approach.
3.4
Layer deposition
application of a single layer
3.5
AC Cell
printing solution deployed on site for in-situ printing (includes material mixing and placement systems)
3.6
Material deposition device
assembly including delivery mechanism for material and/or binder and deposition nozzle(s)
3.7
Physical production
the physical totality of the build space, elements located on the build space, and production related
support structures in the build space of the system
3.8
Virtual production run
computer/digital simulation of the physical production run (build job)
EXAMPLE Printing simulation.
3.9
Dry production run
process of running the build program with no materials to verify the first layer toolpath and other
critical points of the program; and can be part of calibration process
EXAMPLE Toolpath
2
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022
ISO/ASTM DIS 52939:2022(E)
3.10
Construction process
process encompassing all digital and physical construction steps through to completion of the final
part, including the quality control
3.11
MEP
acronym used in the construction sector and stands for “Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing”
3.12
Printed element
construction 3D printed component that gets incorporated into a building or structure, is a complete
infrastructure component
EXAMPLE Walls, columns, beams, etc.
3.13
Printability
ability of the material to be easily delivered to the print head, processed by the print head (e.g.
extrudability) and meet layer shape, stability, buildability requirements, and if applicable pumpability
3.14
Extrudability
ability of the material to smoothly be ejected through the printing nozzle without inducing any blockage
of the conduits or significant damage to the material quality
3.15
Layer Shape Stability
ability of the deposited layer to preserve its shape and withstand the increasing loads coming from
superposed/subsequent layers with controlled deformation
3.16
Buildability (Print Stability)
ability of a print to preserve vertical and lateral stability under increasing loads coming from
superposed/subsequent layers with controlled deformation
4 Constructability, Assessment and Review
4.1 General
Verification of the AC element requirements shall be performed before the data preparation. The
results shall be transferred in a definite sequence with associated production specifications including
specific requirements in respect to the quality control (for load and non-load bearing elements). It is
recommended that any asset monitoring and/or management be based on locally applicable standards/
codes/regulations which could be based on numerical verification analysis.
If the production request is incomplete (for example missing technical drawing) or an initial
commissioning is associated with restrictions, the customer shall be notified in an effort to correct the
problem.
Figure 1 shows the individual steps for checking the feasibility and qualification phase as a pre-requisite
for the serial production with AC.
3
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022
ISO/ASTM DIS 52939:2022(E)
Figure 1 — Steps involved in verification of AC element requirement
4.2 AC feasibility assessment
The AC feasibility shall be checked by suitable personnel (e.g., technology experts or instructed
persons), the necessary production competence is only available in the direct AC environment. It is
important to include all element requirements in the feasibility check.
1. Design check: the process-relevant design directives should be consulted to evaluate the design’s
AC feasibility. In addition, process-relevant AC restrictions such as minimum wall thicknesses shall
also be taken into consideration.
2. Environmental Check: for the environmental dimension, material selection and design stages are
regarded as crucial to the sustainability performance of a built element throughout its life cycle. It
is important to perform a sustainability assessment of the building material or the building product
itself, according to ISO 21930 following a cradle-to-grave approach of a life cycle analysis (LCA) and
track macro-indicators, for both internal use and to elaborate Environmental Product Declarations
(EPDs) of building products after validation.
Core indicators to use are:
— Global warming potential (CO equivalent emissions) - greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that
2
have a potential impact on the climate.
Other relevant indicators may be:
— Pollution potential: Freshwater resources that have a potential impact on the depletion of
freshwater resources;
— Fossil fuel depletion potential (oil equivalent): consumption of non-renewable raw materials
and non-renewable primary energy;
— Ozone depletion potential (CFC-11 to air): release of gases that have a potential impact on the
stratospheric ozone layer;
— Amount of waste generated by type: total volume of non-hazardous and hazardous wastes that
has a potential impact on the generation of waste for disposal acidification potential (SO to
2
air) - potential impact on the acidification of land and water resources;
— Freshwater eutrophication potential (P to freshwater): potential impact on the eutrophication
of water bodies.
3. AC process: it is also necessary to check whether the desired element, and element properties to be
attained, are AC feasible with the process parameters already qualified, or whether adaptations are
necessary to attain AC feasibility. This should fall under the responsibility of the AC engineer. AC
4
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022
ISO/ASTM DIS 52939:2022(E)
Specific Process category risks need to be evaluated to achieve dedicated component requirements.
Refer to Table A.1 - AC Technology and Material Legends for specific processes and materials.
4. Further processing: if a further (semi-)automated manufacturing step occurs, it is necessary to
check whether the design is appropriate for this, if auxiliaries cannot be used. If subtractive or
finishing processes are then carried out in order to attain the required manufacturing tolerances,
corresponding design details shall be provided as early as the data processing, if necessary.
5. Check of dimensions/tolerances: the tolerances specified in the design shall be attainable in
the selected AC process. Post-treatment, this shall be taken into account before the start of the AC
process.
EXAMPLE 1 Any special considerations for reinforcement and/or MEP integration, starting/stopping/
skipping in the AC process.
6. Material/Material properties: the AC feasibility shall be considered beyond the selected
technology, depending on the material over the entire AC process. The specified material properties
shall be incorporated here. Local standard tolerances for fire load, tension, shrinkage, creep, etc.
should be followed.
EXAMPLE 2 Materials that exhibit different AC constraints.
An individual element evaluation shall then be conducted in order to define the necessary measures for
quality assurance. Based on the method for quality assurance already implemented as well as the risk
analysis for the relevant application, it is necessary to check whether separate measures for element-
related quality control are necessary (see 7.4).
4.3 Validation plan
The requirements of the direct manufacturing environment include the qualification plan for the series
element. The prerequisite is qualification of the material for a definite AC process. A qualification plan
shall be formulated for the elements and associated test methods according to the relevant work and/
or procedural steps as specified by the customer. The element(s) production is validated in a one to
three stage process (see A.2 or ISO/ASTM 52901). Each phase is successfully completed upon signing by
suitable personnel.
The methodical recording of the element requirements can be derived from (e.g., ISO/ASTM 52901).
This makes it possible to derive which validations can be necessary beyond this document.
5 Infrastructure of the AC cell
The following requirements are relevant for the infrastructure of the AC cell:
1. Equipment: all equipment used should comply with local regulations and EHS (Environmental,
Health and Safety) standards. As by standards accepted by local jurisdictions. Some examples are
listed below:
EN 12001 Conveying, spraying and placing machines for concrete and mortar —
Safety requirements
EN 12629-1 Machines for the manufacture of constructional products from concrete
and calcium-silicate — Safety — Part 1: Common requirements
EN ISO 4413 Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for sys-
tems and their components
EN ISO 4144 Pneumatic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for
systems and their components
EN ISO 12100 Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment
and risk reduction
5
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022
ISO/ASTM DIS 52939:2022(E)
EN ISO 13849 Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1:
General principles for design
EN ISO 13849- Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2:
2 Validation
EN ISO 13850 Safety of machinery — Emergency stop function — Principles for design
ISO 13854 Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the
human body
EN ISO 13857 Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being
reached by upper and lower limbs
EN ISO 14118 Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
EN ISO 14119 Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards —
Principles for design and selection
EN ISO 14120 Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design
and construction of fixed and movable guards
60204-1 Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: Gen-
eral requirements
10218-1 Robotics — Safety requirements for robot systems in an industrial envi-
ronment — Part 1: Robots
10218-2 Robots and robotic devices — Safety requirements for industrial ro-
bots — Part 2: Robot systems and integration
EN 60204-1 Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: Gen-
eral requirements

2. Safety at work: a safe working environment with consideration of the statutory regulations shall
be ensured. This includes personnel instruction concerning the occupational safety measures and
equipment.
The users
...