prEN ISO/ASTM 52939

Additive Manufacturing for construction - Qualification principles - Structural and infrastructure elements (ISO/ASTM/DIS 52939:2022)

This  document  defines  the  requirements  for  building  and  construction  projects  in  which  additive  manufacturing (AM) techniques are used. The requirements are independent of the material and printing method used.
This   document   specifies   the   criteria   for   additive   manufacturing   processes   and   quality-relevant characteristics and factors along the AM system operations and defines activities and sequences within an AM cell (Additive manufacturing site) and project.
This standard applies to all additive manufacturing technologies in building and construction (load bearing &  non-load  bearing),  structural  and  infrastructure  building  elements  for  residential  and  commercial  applications and follows an approach oriented to the manufacturing process..
Local H&S standards and environmental aspects are not covered in this standard but should be applied. Design approvals, material property characterisation and testing are are not covered in this standard.

Additive Fertigung für das Bauwesen - Grundsätze der Qualifizierung - Struktur- und Infrastrukturelemente (ISO/ASTM/DIS 52939:2022)

Fabrication additive pour la construction - Principes de qualification - Eléments de structure et d'infrastructure (ISO/ASTM/DIS 52939:2022)

Aditivna proizvodnja v gradbeništvu - Kvalifikacija - Strukturni in infrastrukturni elementi (ISO/ASTM/DIS 52939:2022)

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 12-Nov-2024
• ICS: 25.030 - Additive manufacturing
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 438 - Additive Manufacturing
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 438 - Additive Manufacturing
• Current Stage: 4060 - Closure of enquiry - Enquiry
• Start Date: 10-Jan-2023
• Completion Date: 10-Jan-2023
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022 - Additive Manufacturing for construction - Qualification principles - Structural and infrastructure elements (ISO/ASTM/DIS 52939:2022)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022
01-december-2022

Aditivna proizvodnja v gradbeništvu - Kvalifikacija - Strukturni in infrastrukturni

elementi (ISO/ASTM/DIS 52939:2022)

Additive Manufacturing for construction - Qualification principles - Structural and

infrastructure elements (ISO/ASTM/DIS 52939:2022)

Additive Fertigung für das Bauwesen - Grundsätze der Qualifizierung - Struktur- und

Infrastrukturelemente (ISO/ASTM/DIS 52939:2022)

Fabrication additive pour la construction - Principes de qualification - Eléments de

structure et d'infrastructure (ISO/ASTM/DIS 52939:2022)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO/ASTM 52939
ICS:
25.030 3D-tiskanje Additive manufacturing
oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/ASTM DIS 52939
ISO/TC 261 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2022-10-18 2023-01-10
Additive Manufacturing for construction — Qualification
principles — Structural and infrastructure elements

Fabrication additive pour la construction — Principes de qualification — Eléments de structure et

d'infrastructure
ICS: 25.030
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/ASTM DIS 52939:2022(E)
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022
ISO/ASTM DIS 52939:2022(E)
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/ASTM DIS 52939
ISO/TC 261 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
Additive Manufacturing for construction — Qualification
principles — Structural and infrastructure elements

Fabrication additive pour la construction — Principes de qualification — Eléments de structure et

d'infrastructure
ICS: 25.030
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
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RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
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Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

4 Constructability, Assessment and Review ................................................................................................................................ 3

4.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

4.2 AC feasibility assessment .............................................................................................................................................................. 4

4.3 Validation plan ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 5

5 Infrastructure of the AC cell .................................................................................................................................................................... 5

6 Qualification of the additive construction process......................................................................................................... 8

6.1 Quality-relevant process steps within the additive construction process ....................................... 8

6.2 Data preparation ................................................................................................................................................................................... 9

6.3 Requirements for the material management ........................................................................................................... 10

6.4 System related pre-processing.............................................................................................................................................. 10

6.5 Built Process guidance ................................................................................................................................................................. 11

6.6 System (default) post-processing ........................................................................................................................................ 13

6.7 Process qualification ...................................................................................................................................................................... 14

7 Quality assurance ............................................................................................................................................................................................14

7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 14

7.2 Personnel requirements ........................................................................................................................................... ...................15

7.3 Documentation and tracing of the process steps ................................................................................................. 16

7.4 Quality controls .................................................................................................................................................................................. 17

7.5 Delivery and Logistics ........................................................................................................................................... ........................ 18

Annex A (informative) Supplementary Information .......................................................................................................................19

Annex B (informative) AC Exemplary Quality Assurance Examples ..............................................................................26

Annex C (informative) Examples of Quality Assurance steps in Built Process Guidance ........................29

Annex D (informative) Specific Process Examples ............................................................................................................................31

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................33

iii
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Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to

the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 261, Additive manufacturing, in cooperation

with ASTM Committee F42, Additive Manufacturing Technologies, on the basis of a partnership

agreement between ISO and ASTM International with the aim to create a common set of ISO/ASTM

standards on Additive Manufacturing
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ISO/ASTM DIS 52939:2022(E)
Introduction

The construction sector is increasingly facing challenges with respect to labour shortages, project

delays, increased lead times, excessive material use, large amounts of waste and adverse CO footprint

impacts. Furthermore, from a market perspective, the global construction demand is increasing

especially as the housing crisis continues and infrastructure projects (whether new or sustaining

existing structures) are on the increase. Additive Construction (AC) is capable of addressing all of these

issues directly. Synonyms such as Additive Manufacturing (AM) and 3D Construction Printing (3DCP)

are also used in the industry. Within this standard, the term Additive Construction is used.

Of recent, AC has made great strides. Printed elements could potentially prove to be more durable, more

sustainable, more eco-friendly, cheaper (en masse), and faster to deliver than conventional construction

approaches. However, without AC standard, approval, certification, and especially risk mitigation is

unattainable.

The focus of this document is to outline the requirements necessary as a basis for production and

delivery of high quality additively manufactured structures (residential or infrastructure) in the

construction sector.

Important steps relating to the AC process are defined, which are to be controlled and monitored in

order to ensure high quality printed structures whether on or off-site. This document is not intended

to be technology or material specific, and therefore sub-processes are applicable or can be disregarded,

depending on the approach used. It should be noted however, printed element(s) will need to be

approved by a locally certified engineer and adhere to local/regional specifications and requirements.

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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52939:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/ASTM DIS 52939:2022(E)
Additive Manufacturing for construction — Qualification
principles — Structural and infrastructure elements
1 Scope

This document defines quality assurance requirements for Additive Construction (AC) concerning

building and construction projects in which additive manufacturing techniques are used for

construction. The requirements are independent of the material/materials and process category used.

This document specifies the criteria for additive construction processes, quality-relevant

characteristics, and factors along AC system operations. It further defines activities and sequences

within an AC cell (Additive construction site) and project.

This standard applies to all additive manufacturing technologies in building and construction (load

bearing & non load bearing), structural and infrastructure building elements for residential and

commercial applications and follows an approach oriented to the process.

Environmental, health and safety aspects that apply to printing facility setup, material handling,

operating of robotic equipment, on-site and/or offsite printing, and packing of equipment and/or

elements for shipping are not covered within this standard but should be applied based on material

supplier guidelines, robotic solution operating guidelines, and local and regional requirements.

Design approvals, material property characterisation and testing are not covered in this standard.

2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 21930, Sustainability in buildings and civil engineering works — Core rules for environmental product

declarations of construction products and services

ISO/ASTM 52950, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Overview of data processing

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/ASTM 52900 and the

following apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
Additive Manufacturing for Construction (AMC)

process to join materials to make structural and non-structural elements/components and systems

from 3D model data usually by depositing material layer upon layer as opposed to subtractive and

formative manufacturing methodologies
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3.2
Additive Construction (AC)

term to describe all relevant disciplines and knowledge for the construction segment using Additive

Manufacturing and 3D printing technologies

Note 1 to entry: The use of the technologies covers all relevant construction sectors, e.g. large scale real estate

projects, entire buildings and building elements, civil infrastructure, and disaster relief.

Note 2 to entry: AC describes all relevant knowledge disciplines, for example: architecture, engineering,

structural engineering, materials engineering, robot operator, project management, construction management,

facility management, etc.

Note 3 to entry: other terms used interchangeably are: Digital Construction (DC), Construction 4.0, Advanced

Manufacturing in Construction (AMC), Construction 3D Printing (C3DP) and 3D Construction Printing (3DCP).

Note 4 to entry: building materials include:
— Cementitious variations such as concrete and mortar, polymer modified pastes,
— Composite materials.

Note 5 to entry: intrinsic to the current definition is a high degree of robotic automation, a low degree of human

intervention during the construction process, and minimal waste due to as-needed material delivery systems.

Note 6 to entry: as of this writing in 2022, the field of AC is rapidly evolving, and novel materials and methods are

very likely to become included in this definition.
3.3
AM System Operations

plant/solution which maps the Additive Construction System in operation for end applications

EXAMPLE Industrial AC service provider or internal department of larger company, or an AM Cell solution

with an end-to-end approach.
3.4
Layer deposition
application of a single layer
3.5
AC Cell

printing solution deployed on site for in-situ printing (includes material mixing and placement systems)

3.6
Material deposition device

assembly including delivery mechanism for material and/or binder and deposition nozzle(s)

3.7
Physical production

the physical totality of the build space, elements located on the build space, and production related

support structures in the build space of the system
3.8
Virtual production run
computer/digital simulation of the physical production run (build job)
EXAMPLE Printing simulation.
3.9
Dry production run

process of running the build program with no materials to verify the first layer toolpath and other

critical points of the program; and can be part of calibration process
EXAMPLE Toolpath
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3.10
Construction process

process encompassing all digital and physical construction steps through to completion of the final

part, including the quality control
3.11
MEP

acronym used in the construction sector and stands for “Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing”

3.12
Printed element

construction 3D printed component that gets incorporated into a building or structure, is a complete

infrastructure component
EXAMPLE Walls, columns, beams, etc.
3.13
Printability

ability of the material to be easily delivered to the print head, processed by the print head (e.g.

extrudability) and meet layer shape, stability, buildability requirements, and if applicable pumpability

3.14
Extrudability

ability of the material to smoothly be ejected through the printing nozzle without inducing any blockage

of the conduits or significant damage to the material quality
3.15
Layer Shape Stability

ability of the deposited layer to preserve its shape and withstand the increasing loads coming from

superposed/subsequent layers with controlled deformation
3.16
Buildability (Print Stability)

ability of a print to preserve vertical and lateral stability under increasing loads coming from

superposed/subsequent layers with controlled deformation
4 Constructability, Assessment and Review
4.1 General

Verification of the AC element requirements shall be performed before the data preparation. The

results shall be transferred in a definite sequence with associated production specifications including

specific requirements in respect to the quality control (for load and non-load bearing elements). It is

recommended that any asset monitoring and/or management be based on locally applicable standards/

codes/regulations which could be based on numerical verification analysis.

If the production request is incomplete (for example missing technical drawing) or an initial

commissioning is associated with restrictions, the customer shall be notified in an effort to correct the

problem.

Figure 1 shows the individual steps for checking the feasibility and qualification phase as a pre-requisite

for the serial production with AC.
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ISO/ASTM DIS 52939:2022(E)
Figure 1 — Steps involved in verification of AC element requirement
4.2 AC feasibility assessment

The AC feasibility shall be checked by suitable personnel (e.g., technology experts or instructed

persons), the necessary production competence is only available in the direct AC environment. It is

important to include all element requirements in the feasibility check.

1. Design check: the process-relevant design directives should be consulted to evaluate the design’s

AC feasibility. In addition, process-relevant AC restrictions such as minimum wall thicknesses shall

also be taken into consideration.

2. Environmental Check: for the environmental dimension, material selection and design stages are

regarded as crucial to the sustainability performance of a built element throughout its life cycle. It

is important to perform a sustainability assessment of the building material or the building product

itself, according to ISO 21930 following a cradle-to-grave approach of a life cycle analysis (LCA) and

track macro-indicators, for both internal use and to elaborate Environmental Product Declarations

(EPDs) of building products after validation.
Core indicators to use are:

— Global warming potential (CO equivalent emissions) - greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that

have a potential impact on the climate.
Other relevant indicators may be:

— Pollution potential: Freshwater resources that have a potential impact on the depletion of

freshwater resources;

— Fossil fuel depletion potential (oil equivalent): consumption of non-renewable raw materials

and non-renewable primary energy;

— Ozone depletion potential (CFC-11 to air): release of gases that have a potential impact on the

stratospheric ozone layer;

— Amount of waste generated by type: total volume of non-hazardous and hazardous wastes that

has a potential impact on the generation of waste for disposal acidification potential (SO to

air) - potential impact on the acidification of land and water resources;

— Freshwater eutrophication potential (P to freshwater): potential impact on the eutrophication

of water bodies.

3. AC process: it is also necessary to check whether the desired element, and element properties to be

attained, are AC feasible with the process parameters already qualified, or whether adaptations are

necessary to attain AC feasibility. This should fall under the responsibility of the AC engineer. AC

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Specific Process category risks need to be evaluated to achieve dedicated component requirements.

Refer to Table A.1 - AC Technology and Material Legends for specific processes and materials.

4. Further processing: if a further (semi-)automated manufacturing step occurs, it is necessary to

check whether the design is appropriate for this, if auxiliaries cannot be used. If subtractive or

finishing processes are then carried out in order to attain the required manufacturing tolerances,

corresponding design details shall be provided as early as the data processing, if necessary.

5. Check of dimensions/tolerances: the tolerances specified in the design shall be attainable in

the selected AC process. Post-treatment, this shall be taken into account before the start of the AC

process.

EXAMPLE 1 Any special considerations for reinforcement and/or MEP integration, starting/stopping/

skipping in the AC process.

6. Material/Material properties: the AC feasibility shall be considered beyond the selected

technology, depending on the material over the entire AC process. The specified material properties

shall be incorporated here. Local standard tolerances for fire load, tension, shrinkage, creep, etc.

should be followed.
EXAMPLE 2 Materials that exhibit different AC constraints.

An individual element evaluation shall then be conducted in order to define the necessary measures for

quality assurance. Based on the method for quality assurance already implemented as well as the risk

analysis for the relevant application, it is necessary to check whether separate measures for element-

related quality control are necessary (see 7.4).
4.3 Validation plan

The requirements of the direct manufacturing environment include the qualification plan for the series

element. The prerequisite is qualification of the material for a definite AC process. A qualification plan

shall be formulated for the elements and associated test methods according to the relevant work and/

or procedural steps as specified by the customer. The element(s) production is validated in a one to

three stage process (see A.2 or ISO/ASTM 52901). Each phase is successfully completed upon signing by

suitable personnel.

The methodical recording of the element requirements can be derived from (e.g., ISO/ASTM 52901).

This makes it possible to derive which validations can be necessary beyond this document.

5 Infrastructure of the AC cell
The following requirements are relevant for the infrastructure of the AC cell:

1. Equipment: all equipment used should comply with local regulations and EHS (Environmental,

Health and Safety) standards. As by standards accepted by local jurisdictions. Some examples are

listed below:
EN 12001 Conveying, spraying and placing machines for concrete and mortar —
Safety requirements
EN 12629-1 Machines for the manufacture of constructional products from concrete
and calcium-silicate — Safety — Part 1: Common requirements

EN ISO 4413 Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for sys-

tems and their components
EN ISO 4144 Pneumatic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for
systems and their components

EN ISO 12100 Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment

and risk reduction
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EN ISO 13849 Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1:

General principles for design

EN ISO 13849- Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2:

2 Validation

EN ISO 13850 Safety of machinery — Emergency stop function — Principles for design

ISO 13854 Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the
human body

EN ISO 13857 Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being

reached by upper and lower limbs
EN ISO 14118 Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up
EN ISO 14119 Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards —
Principles for design and selection
EN ISO 14120 Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design
and construction of fixed and movable guards
60204-1 Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: Gen-
eral requirements
10218-1 Robotics — Safety requirements for robot systems in an industrial envi-
ronment — Part 1: Robots
10218-2 Robots and robotic devices — Safety requirements for industrial ro-
bots — Part 2: Robot systems and integration
EN 60204-1 Safety of machinery – Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: Gen-
eral requirements

2. Safety at work: a safe working environment with consideration of the statutory regulations shall

be ensured. This includes personnel instruction concerning the occupational safety measures and

equipment.
The users
...