EN ISO 12567-1:2010
(Main)Thermal performance of windows and doors - Determination of thermal transmittance by the hot-box method - Part 1: Complete windows and doors (ISO 12567-1:2010)
Thermal performance of windows and doors - Determination of thermal transmittance by the hot-box method - Part 1: Complete windows and doors (ISO 12567-1:2010)
ISO 12567-1:2010 specifies a method to measure the thermal transmittance of a door or window system. It is applicable to all effects of frames, sashes, shutters, blinds, screens, panels, door leaves and fittings.
It is not applicable to edge effects occurring outside the perimeter of the specimen, energy transfer due to solar radiation on the specimen, effects of air leakage through the specimen, and roof windows and projecting products, where the external face projects beyond the cold side roof surface.
Wärmetechnisches Verhalten von Fenstern und Türen - Bestimmung des Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten mittels des Heizkastenverfahrens - Teil 1: Komplette Fenster und Türen (ISO 12567-1:2010)
Dieser Teil von ISO 12567 legt ein Verfahren zur Messung des Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten eines
Tür- oder Fenstersystems fest. Sie erfasst alle Einflüsse von Rahmen, Schiebeflügeln, Fensterläden,
Abschlüssen, Abschirmungen, Blenden, Türblättern und Befestigungszubehörteilen.
Sie umfasst nicht:
⎯ Randeinflüsse außerhalb des Umfanges des Probekörpers;
⎯ Energieübertragung infolge Sonneneinstrahlung auf den Probekörper;
⎯ Einflüsse von Luftundichtigkeit durch den Probekörper;
⎯ Dachflächenfenster und auskragende Produkte, bei welchen die Verglasung über die kaltseitige
Wandfläche des Prüfrahmens hinausragt.
ANMERKUNG Bei Dachflächenfenstern und auskragenden Produkten kann das in ISO 12567-2 angegebene Verfahren
verwendet werden.
Anhang A gibt Berechnungsverfahren für Umgebungstemperaturen an.
Isolation thermique des fenêtres et portes - Détermination de la transmission thermique par la méthode à la boîte chaude - Partie 1: Fenêtres et portes complètes (ISO 12567-1:2010)
L'ISO 12567-1:2010 spécifie une méthode pour mesurer le coefficient de transmission thermique d'une fenêtre ou d'une porte. Elle est applicable à tous les effets des dormants, des ouvrants, des volets, des stores, des toiles, des panneaux, des ouvrants de portes et des éléments annexes d'une éprouvette.
Elle ne s'applique pas aux effets de bord à l'extérieur du périmètre de l'éprouvette, au transfert d'énergie dû au rayonnement solaire sur l'éprouvette, aux effets dus aux fuites d'air au travers de l'éprouvette, et aux fenêtres de toit ou en saillie où la face externe dépasse au-delà de la surface froide de la toiture.
Toplotne lastnosti oken in vrat - Ugotavljanje toplotne prehodnosti z metodo komorne naprave - 1. del: Celotna okna in vrata (ISO 12567-1:2010)
Ta del ISO 12567 določa metodo za merjenje toplotne prehodnosti sistema vrat ali oken. Velja za vse učinke obodov, okvirov, rolojev, senčnikov, zaslonov, opažev, vratnih kril in fitingov. Ne velja za – robne učinke, do katerih pride zunaj obsega vzorca, - energetski prenos, ki je posledica sončnega sevanja na vzorec, - učinke uhajanja zraka skozi vzorec in – strešna okna in štrleče dele, pri katerih zunanji del sega čez hladno stran strešne površine.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2010
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 12567-1:2001
Toplotne lastnosti oken in vrat - Ugotavljanje toplotne prehodnosti z metodo
komorne naprave - 1. del: Celotna okna in vrata (ISO 12567-1:2010)
Thermal performance of windows and doors - Determination of thermal transmittance by
the hot-box method - Part 1: Complete windows and doors (ISO 12567-1:2010)
Wärmetechnisches Verhalten von Fenstern und Türen -Bestimmung des
Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten mittels des Heizkastenverfahrens - Teil 1: Komplette
Fenster und Türen (ISO 12567-1:2010)
Isolation thermique des fenêtres et portes - Détermination de la transmission thermique
par la méthode à la boîte chaude - Partie 1: Fenêtres et portes complètes (ISO 12567-
1:2010)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 12567-1:2010
ICS:
91.060.50 Vrata in okna Doors and windows
91.120.10 Toplotna izolacija stavb Thermal insulation
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 12567-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2010
ICS 91.060.50; 91.120.10 Supersedes EN ISO 12567-1:2000
English Version
Thermal performance of windows and doors - Determination of
thermal transmittance by the hot-box method - Part 1: Complete
windows and doors (ISO 12567-1:2010)
Isolation thermique des fenêtres et portes - Détermination Wärmetechnisches Verhalten von Fenstern und Türen -
de la transmission thermique par la méthode à la boîte Bestimmung des Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten mittels
chaude - Partie 1: Fenêtres et portes complètes (ISO des Heizkastenverfahrens - Teil 1: Komplette Fenster und
12567-1:2010) Türen (ISO 12567-1:2010)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 June 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 12567-1:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 12567-1:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163 "Thermal
performance and energy use in the built environment" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 89
“Thermal performance of buildings and building components” the secretariat of which is held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by January 2011.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 12567-1:2000.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 12567-1:2010 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 12567-1:2010 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 12567-1
Second edition
2010-07-01
Thermal performance of windows and
doors — Determination of thermal
transmittance by the hot-box method —
Part 1:
Complete windows and doors
Isolation thermique des fenêtres et portes — Détermination de la
transmission thermique par la méthode à la boîte chaude —
Partie 1: Fenêtres et portes complètes
Reference number
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols .2
3.1 Terms and definitions .2
3.2 Symbols.2
4 Principle.4
5 Requirements for test specimens and apparatus.10
5.1 General .10
5.2 Surround panels .10
5.3 Test specimens.10
5.4 Calibration panels .12
5.5 Temperature measurements and baffle positions .12
5.6 Air flow measurement.12
6 Test procedure.13
6.1 General .13
6.2 Calibration measurements .14
6.3 Measurement procedure for test specimens.17
6.4 Expression of results for standardized test applications .17
7 Test report.18
Annex A (normative) Environmental temperatures.19
Annex B (normative) Linear thermal transmittance of the edge zone .23
Annex C (informative) Design of calibration transfer standard .26
Annex D (informative) Example of calibration test and measurement of window specimen .30
Annex E (informative) Analytical calibration procedure using heat balance equations .39
Annex F (informative) Uncertainty analysis for hot boxes .41
Bibliography.52
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 12567-1 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy use in the
built environment, Subcommittee SC 1, Test and measurement methods.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 12567-1:2000), which has been technically
revised.
ISO 12567 consists of the following parts, under the general title Thermal performance of windows and
doors — Determination of thermal transmittance by the hot-box method:
⎯ Part 1: Complete windows and doors
1)
⎯ Part 2: Roof windows and other projecting windows
1) It is intended that, upon revision, the main element of the title of Part 2 will be aligned with the main element of the title
of Part 1.
iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
Introduction
The method specified in this part of ISO 12567 is based on ISO 8990. It is designed to provide both
standardized tests, which enable a fair comparison of different products to be made, and specific tests on
products for practical application purposes. The former specifies standardized specimen sizes and applied
test criteria.
The determination of the aggregate thermal transmittance is performed for conditions which are similar to the
actual situation of the window and door in practice.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
Thermal performance of windows and doors — Determination
of thermal transmittance by the hot-box method —
Part 1:
Complete windows and doors
1 Scope
This part of ISO 12567 specifies a method to measure the thermal transmittance of a door or window system.
It is applicable to all effects of frames, sashes, shutters, blinds, screens, panels, door leaves and fittings.
It is not applicable to
⎯ edge effects occurring outside the perimeter of the specimen,
⎯ energy transfer due to solar radiation on the specimen,
⎯ effects of air leakage through the specimen, and
⎯ roof windows and projecting products, where the external face projects beyond the cold side roof surface.
NOTE For roof windows and projecting units, see the procedure given in ISO 12567-2.
Annex A gives methods for the calculation of environmental temperatures.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 7345, Thermal insulation — Physical quantities and definitions
ISO 8301, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties —
Heat flow meter apparatus
ISO 8302, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties —
Guarded hot plate apparatus
ISO 8990:1994, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal transmission properties —
Calibrated and guarded hot box
ISO 9288, Thermal insulation — Heat transfer by radiation — Physical quantities and definitions
ISO 10211, Thermal bridges in building construction — Heat flows and surface temperatures — Detailed
calculations
EN 12898, Glass in building — Determination of the emissivity
IEC 60584-1, Thermocouples — Part 1: Reference tables
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7345, ISO 8990 and ISO 9288 apply.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of this document, the physical quantities given in ISO 7345 and ISO 9288 apply, together
with those given in Tables 1 and 2.
Table 1 — Symbols and units
Symbol Physical quantity Unit
A Area m
d Thickness (depth) m
F Fraction —
f View factor —
h Surface coefficient of heat transfer W/(m ⋅K)
H Height m
L Perimeter length m
q Density of heat flow rate W/m
R Thermal resistance m ⋅K/W
T Thermodynamic temperature K
U Thermal transmittance W/(m ⋅K)
v Air speed m/s
w Width m
α Radiant factor —
∆T, ∆θ Temperature difference K
ε Total hemispherical emissivity —
θ Temperature °C
λ Thermal conductivity W/(m⋅K)
2 4
σ Stefan-Boltzmann constant W/(m ⋅K )
Φ Heat flow rate W
Ψ Linear thermal transmittance W/(m⋅K)
2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
Table 2 — Subscripts
Subscript Significance
b Baffle
c Convection (air)
cal Calibration
e External, usually cold side
i Internal, usually warm side
in Input
m Measured
me Mean
n Environmental (ambient)
ne Environmental (ambient) external
ni Environmental (ambient) internal
p Reveal of surround panel
r Radiation (mean)
s Surface
se Exterior surface, usually cold side
si Interior surface, usually warm side
sp Specimen
st Standardized
sur Surround panel
t Total
W Window
WS Window with closed shutter or blind
D Door
Table 3 — Symbols for uncertainty analysis for hot boxes
A Test specimen projected area m
sp
A Surround panel projected area m
sur
H Test specimen height m
sp
H Surround panel height m
sur
λ Surround panel thermal conductivity W/m⋅K
sur
d Test specimen thickness (depth) m
sp
d Surround panel thickness (depth) m
sur
P Confidence level %
Φ Extraneous heat transfer in the metering chamber W
EXTR
Φ Test specimen flanking heat transfer W
FL,sp
Φ Total power input to the metering chamber W
IN
Φ Heat transfer through the test specimen W
sp
Φ Heat transfer through the surround panel W
sur
R Dependent variable
s Sample standard deviation of measured values of variable y
y
θ Hot-box ambient air temperature °C
n
θ Cold side (climatic chamber) external air temperature °C
e
θ Warm side (metering room) internal air temperature °C
i
t t value of v's degree of freedom and P's confidence level
v,P
U Calibration transfer standard (CTS) thermal transmittance W/m ⋅K
CTS
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
Table 3 (continued)
U Test specimen thermal transmittance W/m ⋅K
sp
U Standardized test specimen thermal transmittance W/m ⋅K
st
V Metering chamber wall thermopile voltage mV
w Test specimen width m
sp
w Surround panel width m
sur
x Independent variable, i = 1, 2, …, N
i
y Calculated value of dependent variable y
c
z Independent variable
θ External ambient temperature °C
AMB
θ Surround panel mean temperature °C
me,sur
−8 2 4
σ Stefan-Boltzmann constant, 5.669 × 10 W/m ⋅K
∆ Uncertainty, difference
δθ Temperature, difference °C
δθ Air temperature difference between warm and cold side chambers °C
ie
∂ Partial derivative
υ Degree of freedom
δθ Surround panel surface temperature difference °C
sur
The uncertainty analysis for hot boxes is given in Annex F.
4 Principle
The thermal transmittance, U, of the specimen is measured by means of the calibrated or guarded hot-box
method in accordance with ISO 8990.
The determination of the thermal transmittance involves two stages. Firstly, measurements are made on two
or more calibration panels with accurately known thermal properties, from which the surface coefficient of the
heat transfer (radiative and convective components) on both sides of the calibration panel with surface
emissivities on average similar to those of the specimen to be tested and the thermal resistance of the
surround panel are determined. Secondly, measurements are made with the window or door specimens in the
aperture and the hot-box apparatus is used with the same fan settings on the cold side as during the
calibration procedure.
The surround panel is used to keep the specimen in a given position. It is constructed with outer dimensions
of appropriate size for the apparatus, having an aperture to accommodate the specimen (see Figures 1 to 4).
The principal heat flows through the surround panel and the calibration panel (or test specimen) are shown in
Figure 5. The boundary edge heat flow due to the location of the calibration panel in the surround panel is
determined separately by a linear thermal transmittance, Ψ.
The procedure in this part of ISO 12567 includes a correction for the boundary edge heat flow, such that
standardized and reproducible thermal transmittance properties are obtained.
The magnitude of the boundary edge heat flow as a function of geometry, calibration panel thickness and
thermal conductivity is determined by tabulated values given in Annex B or is calculated in accordance with
ISO 10211.
Measurement results are corrected to standardized surface heat transfer coefficients by an interpolation or
analytical iteration procedure, derived from the calibration measurements.
Measurements are taken (e.g. pressure equalization between the warm and cold side or sealing of the joints
on the inside) to ensure that the air permeability of the test specimen does not influence the measurements.
4 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
The total gap width between the top and bottom of the specimen and the surround panel aperture shall not exceed 5 mm.
It shall be sealed with non-metallic tape or mastic material. The total gap width on both sides between the specimen and
the surround panel aperture shall not exceed 5 mm.
Key
a
1 border of metering area Metering area, centrally located in the surround panel, is
recommended.
2 surround panel, λ u 0,04 W/(m⋅K)
b
Use fill material with same thermal properties as surround panel
3 glazing
core.
4 cold side
5 warm side
6 flush sill
Figure 1 — Window system in surround panel
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
The total gap width between the top and bottom of the specimen and the surround panel aperture shall not exceed 5 mm.
It shall be sealed with non-metallic tape or mastic material. The total gap width on both sides between the specimen and
the surround panel aperture shall not exceed 5 mm.
Key
a
1 border of metering area Metering area, centrally located in the surround panel, is
recommended.
2 surround panel, λ u 0,04 W/(m⋅K)
b
Use fill material with same thermal properties as surround panel
3 infill (glass, panel)
core.
4 cold side
5 warm side
6 door leaf
7 flush frame/threshold
Figure 2 — Door system in surround panel — Insert mounting
6 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
a
1 border of metering area Metering area, centrally located in the surround panel, is
recommended.
2 surround panel, λ u 0,04 W/(m⋅K)
b
Material with same thermal properties as surround panel core,
4 cold side
minimum size equal to the frame width.
5 warm side
c
Supporting structure for taking the load of the door.
Figure 3 — Door system in surround panel — Warm surface mounting
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
a
1 border of metering area Metering area, centrally located in the surround panel, is
recommended.
2 surround panel, λ u 0,04 W/(m⋅K)
b
Use fill material with same thermal properties as surround panel
3 infill (glass, panel)
core.
4 cold side
5 warm side
6 door leaf
7 flush frame/threshold
Figure 4 — Door system in surround panel — Inside mounting
8 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 surround panel
2 boundary effect
3 cold side
4 warm side
5 calibration panel
Figure 5 — Mounting of calibration panel in aperture
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
5 Requirements for test specimens and apparatus
5.1 General
The construction and operation of the apparatus shall comply with the requirements specified in ISO 8990,
except where modified by this part of ISO 12567. To make heat transfer measurements on the specimen, the
specimen shall be mounted in a suitable surround panel and the heat flow shall be deduced through it by
subtracting that through the surround panel from the total heat input. Also, the test element and the surround
panel are usually of different thickness, such that there is disturbance of heat flow paths and temperatures in
the region of the boundary between the two. The test shall be carried out such that edge corrections can be
applied.
5.2 Surround panels
The surround panel acts as an idealized wall with high thermal resistance and holds the window or door in the
correct position and separates the warm box from the cold box. The surround panel shall be large enough to
cover the open face of the guard box in the case of a guarded hot-box apparatus or the open face of the hot
box in the case of a calibrated hot-box apparatus.
The surround panel shall be not less than 100 mm thick or the maximum thickness of the specimen,
whichever is the greater, and it shall be constructed with core material of stable thermal conductivity not
greater than 0,04 W/(m⋅K). An appropriate aperture shall be provided to accommodate the calibration panel or
test specimen (see Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4). Sealed plywood facing or plastic sheet on either side of the
surround panel to provide rigidity is permitted. No material of thermal conductivity higher than 0,04 W/(m⋅K)
(other than non-metallic thin tape) shall bridge the aperture. The surfaces of the surround panel and baffle
plates shall have a high emissivity (> 0,8).
5.3 Test specimens
For general applications, specimen sizes may be typical of those found in practice. To ensure consistency of
measurement, the specimen should be located as follows.
The window system shall fill the surround panel aperture. The internal frame face shall be as close to the face
of the surround panel as possible, but no part shall project beyond the surround panel faces on either the cold
or warm sides, except for handles, rails, fins or fittings which normally project (see Figure 1).
The door system may be mounted on either inside the surround panel (see Figures 2 and 4) or on the warm
face (see Figure 3), according to the instructions and specifications given by the manufacturer.
It is recommended that the aperture be placed centrally in the surround panel and at least 200 mm from the
inside surfaces of the cold and hot boxes, in order to avoid or limit edge heat flow corrections related to the
perimeter of the surround panel (see Figure 6).
For standardized test applications, the overall sizes recommended are indicated in Table 4, or they shall
conform to the size required by national standards or other regulations.
In any case, the area of aperture shall be not less than 0,8 m , for reasons of accuracy. The perimeter joints
between the surround panel and the specimen shall be sealed on both sides with tape, caulking or mastic
material.
10 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 surround panel
2 test specimen
Figure 6 — Surround panel with test specimen
Table 4 — Recommended specimen sizes
Component Height Width
mm mm
Window 1 480 (with a relative tolerance of − 25%) 1 230 (with a relative tolerance of ± 25%)
Window 2 180 (with a relative tolerance of ± 25%) 1 480 (with a relative tolerance of + 25%)
Door (leaf or doorset) 2 180 (with a relative tolerance of ± 25%) 1 230 (with a relative tolerance of ± 25%)
Door (leaf or doorset) 2 180 (with a relative tolerance of ± 25%) 2 000 (with a relative tolerance of ± 25%)
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
5.4 Calibration panels
Calibration panels shall be of a size similar to the test specimen (within ± 40 % in height and width of the test
specimen). They are required to set up specified test conditions, to determine the surface coefficients of heat
transfer and to establish the thermal resistance of the surround panel.
At least two calibration panels shall be built, which fulfil the following requirements.
a) The core material of the calibration panel shall be made of homogeneous material with known thermal
conductivity or thermal resistance. The material used shall not be prone to ageing effects.
b) The nature of the surface of the calibration panel shall be similar to that of the test specimen. The
emissivity of the surface shall be known (e.g. normal float glass) or shall be measured in accordance with
EN 12898.
c) The calibration panels shall cover the likely range of test specimen density of heat flow rate. The use of
two calibration panels with different total thickness is recommended:
1) total thickness approximately 20 mm;
2) total thickness approximately 60 mm.
More details and guidance on how to build up the calibration panels are given in Annex C.
The thermal resistance of the insulating material used in the panels shall be measured for mean temperatures
in the range 0 °C to 15 °C, using a guarded hot plate or heat flow meter apparatus in accordance with
ISO 8301 or ISO 8302, respectively. Alternatively, calibration panels may be used with certified properties
from an accredited source. In any case, the calibration panels shall be mounted in the surround panel
aperture 40 mm from the warm face as shown in Figure 3.
5.5 Temperature measurements and baffle positions
For calibration measurements, the warm and cold side surface temperatures shall be measured or calculated.
(For calibration panel design and sensor mounting, see Annex C.) A minimum of nine positions at the centre
of a rectangular grid of equal areas shall be used on the calibration panel and eight positions on the surround
panel (Figure 5). No temperature sensors shall be closer than 100 mm to the edge of the calibration panel.
Temperature sensors and recording systems shall be accurately calibrated. The recommended temperature
sensor to be used for surface temperature measurement is the type T thermocouple (copper/constantan) in
accordance with IEC 60584-1 made from wire with diameter not greater than 0,3 mm. They shall be fixed to
the surface using adhesive or adhesive tape with an outer surface of high emissivity (> 0,8). If alternative
sensors are used, they shall be at least as accurate as the above-mentioned, not subject to drift or hysteresis,
and shall be as small as possible to avoid disturbance of the temperature field near the point of contact.
Suitability can be investigated with an infrared camera under heat flow conditions similar to the required
operating specifications. The uncertainty in the surface temperature measurements shall be experimentally
determined.
It is recommended that the same layout of the surface temperature grid on the calibration panel be used
(a minimum of nine) for air temperature and baffle plate measurements.
For natural convection on the warm side, the distance between the baffle and the plane of the warm face of
the surround panel shall be not less than 150 mm and on the cold face not less than 100 mm for appropriate
air speed (not less than 1,5 m/s during the first calibration test, see 5.6 and 6.2.2.1). Air temperatures shall be
measured on each side outside the boundary layer (see Figure 7).
5.6 Air flow measurement
The cold side air speed shall be measured at a position that represents the free stream condition. For either
vertical or horizontal flow patterns, it is essential that the sensor not be in the test specimen surface boundary
layers or in the wake of any projecting fitting. If a small fan is used on the warm side, an air speed sensor (see
Figure 7) shall be used to verify that the air speed representing natural convection prevails (less than 0,3 m/s).
12 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
Dimensions in millimetres
Key
1 cold-side baffle
2 warm-side baffle
3 temperature sensors
a
It is recommended that air-speed sensors be aligned in the centre for parallel flow.
b
All surround panel thermocouples should be located centrally.
Figure 7 — Location of temperature and air speed sensors
6 Test procedure
6.1 General
The general operating procedure for the hot-box measurements shall follow that specified in ISO 8990,
especially the initial performance check given in ISO 8990:1994, 2.9. In addition, the following requirements
shall be complied with.
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
6.2 Calibration measurements
This subclause describes the additional calibration tests which are required for the testing of windows and
doors.
6.2.1 General
These tests are required to ensure that suitable test conditions are set up and that the surround panel heat
flow and surface heat transfer coefficients can be fully accounted for.
The calibration measurements shall be carried out at a minimum of six densities of heat flow rates which cover
the required range of specimen testing.
It is recommended to make the calibration measurements at a minimum of three different mean air
temperatures θ [θ = (θ + θ )/2] in steps of ± 5 K by varying the cold side air temperature, retaining
c,me c,me c,i c,e
constant conditions of air movement on the cold side and constant air temperature and natural convection on
the warm side. Using this procedure, surface resistances and coefficients of heat transfer can be determined
as a function of the total density of heat flow rate through the calibration panel.
NOTE It is considered that for non-homogeneous test specimens, such as windows or doors, the mean heat transfer
conditions over the measured area are comparable to those of the given calibration panel.
6.2.2 Total surface resistance
6.2.2.1 Measurement
The first calibration test shall be made with the thin panel (d ≈ 20 mm) at a mean temperature of
cal
approximately 10 °C or appropriate to national standards and a temperature difference, ∆θ between warm
c
and cold sides, of (20 ± 2) K or appropriate to national standards (see Annex A and ISO 8990 for the
determination of the environmental temperatures).
The air velocity on the cold side shall be adjusted for the first calibration test by throttling or by fan speed
adjustment to give a total surface thermal resistance (warm and cold side) R = (R ± 0,01) m ⋅K/W, e.g.
s,t (s,t),st
(0,17 ± 0,01) m ⋅K/W or as appropriate to national standards. Thereafter, the fan speed settings and the
throttling devices shall remain constant for all subsequent calibration measurements. The air velocity setup
used for the calibration procedure shall be used for all tests with specimens of windows or doors.
6.2.2.2 Calculation
Calculate the total surface thermal resistance of the warm and cold side, R , expressed in m ⋅K/W, using
s,t
Equation (1):
θθ−
DD
n,cal s,cal
R = (1)
s,tot
q
cal
where
∆θ is the difference between environmental temperatures on each side of the calibration panel, in
n,cal
kelvin, calculated according to Annex A;
∆θ is the surface temperature difference of the calibration panel, in kelvin;
s,cal
q is the density of heat flow rate of the calibration panel determined from the known thermal
cal
resistance, R , of the calibration panel (at the mean temperature, θ ) and the surface
cal cal
temperature difference, ∆θ , calculated using Equation (2):
s,cal
Dθ
s,cal
q = (2)
cal
R
cal
14 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
where R is the thermal resistance of the calibration panel at the mean temperature of the panel,
cal
calculated using Equation (3):
d
j
R = (3)
cal
∑
λ
j
where
d is the thickness of layer j, in metres;
j
λ is the thermal conductivity of layer j, in W/(m⋅K).
j
The total surface resistance, R , shall be plotted as a function of the density of heat flow rate, q , of the
s,t cal
calibration panel. These characteristics shall be used to determine the total surface resistances of all
subsequent measurements of test specimens (windows and doors).
6.2.3 Surface resistances and surface coefficients of heat transfer
6.2.3.1 General
Surface coefficients of heat transfer (convective and radiative parts) are required in order to determine the
environmental temperatures (in accordance with the procedures given in Annex A and ISO 8990). Surface
temperature measurements on the calibration panel at different densities of heat flow rate allow the
determination of the surface coefficients of heat transfer. The surface resistances shall be calculated using
Equations (4) and (5):
θθ−
ni,cal si,cal
R = (4)
si
q
cal
θθ−
se,cal ne,cal
R = (5)
se
q
cal
where
q is the density of heat flow rate through the calibration panel, in W/m ;
cal
θ is the environmental temperature of the warm side, in degrees Celsius;
ni,cal
θ is the warm side surface temperature of the calibration panel, in degrees Celsius;
si,cal
θ is the cold side surface temperature of the calibration panel, in degrees Celsius;
se,cal
θ is the environmental temperature of the cold side, in degrees Celsius.
ne,cal
6.2.3.2 Convective fraction
Evaluate the radiative and convective parts of the surface coefficients of heat transfer from the calibration data
for the warm and cold side in accordance with the procedure given in Annex A and determine the convective
fraction, F , using Equation (6):
c
h
c
F = (6)
c
hh+
cr
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
where
h is the convective coefficient of heat transfer, in W/(m ⋅K);
c
h is the radiative coefficient of heat transfer, in W/(m ⋅K).
r
The variation of the convective fraction, F , shall be plotted for both sides as a function of q (density of heat
c cal
flow rate of the calibration panel). It is intended to be used by interpolation for the determination of the
environmental temperatures of all subsequent measurements of test specimens using Equation (7):
θθ=+FF1− θ (7)
()
ncc c r
Annex E gives an analytical calibration procedure as an alternative. From detailed heat balance equations,
analytical functions are established for the convective and radiative parts of the density of heat flow rate, q .
cal
These functions should be used for all subsequent measurements of test specimens (windows and doors).
6.2.4 Surround panel and edge corrections
From the data set of the thicker calibration panel (d ≈ 60 mm), calculate and plot the thermal resistance, R ,
cal sur
of the surround panel as a function of its mean temperature. Equations (8), (9) and (10) are derived from the
heat flows shown in Figure 5:
A Dθ
sur s,sur
R = (8)
sur
ΦΦ−−Φ
in cal edge
where
A is the projected area of the surround panel, in square metres;
sur
∆θ is the difference between the average surface temperatures of the surround panel, in kelvin;
s,sur
Φ is the heat input to the metering box appropriately corrected for heat flow through the metering
in
box walls and the flanking losses, in watts (see ISO 8990:1994, 2.9.3.3);
Φ is the heat flow rate through the calibration panel, in watts, given by Equation (9):
cal
Φ = A q (9)
cal cal cal
Φ is the heat flow rate through the edge zone between the calibration panel and the surround
edge
panel, in watts, given by Equation (10):
ΦΨ= L Dθ (10)
edge edge edge c
where
L is the perimeter length between surround panel and specimen, in metres;
edge
Ψ is the linear thermal transmittance of the edge zone between surround panel and specimen, in
edge
W/(m⋅K); values for Ψ are given in Annex B, Table B.1;
edge
∆θ is the difference between the warm and the cold side air temperatures, in kelvin.
c
This calibration procedure allows the results from a given size of calibration panel to be applied to a different
size of test specimen without repeating the whole calibration measurement process.
16 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 12567-1:2010(E)
6.3 Measurement procedure for test specimens
The measurement of the test specimens shall be made under the same conditions as for the corresponding
calibrations as described in 6.2.2, at a mean air temperature of approximately 10 °C and an air temperature
difference of ∆θ ≈ (20 ± 2) K, or according to national standards. Areas of condensation or ice formation on
c
the specimen can affect the measured thermal transmittance. Therefore, the relative humidity in the metering
chamber shall be kept at low enough levels to avoid that situation.
The density of heat flow rate, q , expressed in watts per square metre, through the test specimen during the
sp
measurement shall be calculated using Equation (11):
ΦΦ−−Φ
in sur edge
q = (11)
sp
A
sp
where
A is the projected area of the test specimen, in square metres;
sp
Φ is the heat input to the metering box appropriately corrected for heat flow through the metering
in
box walls and the flanking losses, in watts (see ISO 8990:1994, 2.9.3.3);
Φ is the edge zone heat flow rate according to Equation (10), in watts; the actual value for Ψ
edge edge
shall be taken from Table B.2 or shall be calculated in accordance with ISO 10211;
Φ is the heat flow rate through the surround panel in watts, given by Equation (12):
sur
A Dθ
sur s,sur
(12)
Φ =
sur
R
sur
where
A is the projected area of the surround panel, in square meters;
sur
∆θ is the difference between the average surface temperatures of the surround panel, in kelvin;
s,sur
R is the thermal resistance of the surround panel, in m ⋅K/W, determined by calibration (see
sur
example given in Figure D.1).
The measured overall thermal transmittance, U , expressed in W/(m ⋅K), of the test specimen shall be
m
calculated using Equation (13):
q
sp
= (13)
U
m
Dθ
n
where ∆θ is the difference between the environmental temperatures on each side of the system under test, in
n
Kelvin [see Equation (7), where F , F are determined by calibration] (see example given in Figure D.3).
ci ce
6.4 Expression of results for standardized test applications
The total surface resistance, R , in m ⋅K/W, corresponding to the measured thermal transmittance, U , shall
s,t m
be evaluated from the calibration data as a function of the density of heat flow rate, q (see example given in
Figure D.2), derived by interpolation or by an analytical iteration procedure (see Annex E).
The measured thermal transmittance of the specimen, U , shall be corrected for the effect of q on the total
m
surface resistance, R , to obtain the standardized thermal transmittance, U , in W/(m ⋅K), using
s,t st
Equation (14):
−1
−1
⎡⎤
UU=−R +R (14)
st m s,tot
s,tot ,st
⎢⎥()
⎣⎦
...
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