prEN ISO 21010
(Main)Cryogenic vessels - Gas/material compatibility (ISO/DIS 21010:2025)
Cryogenic vessels - Gas/material compatibility (ISO/DIS 21010:2025)
ISO 21010:2017 specifies gas/material compatibility requirements (such as chemical resistance) for cryogenic vessels, but it does not cover mechanical properties (e.g. for low-temperature applications).
ISO 21010:2017 provides general guidance for compatibility with gases and detailed compatibility requirements for oxygen and oxygen-enriched atmospheres. This document also defines the testing methods for establishing oxygen compatibility of materials (metallic and non-metallic) to be used for cryogenic vessels and associated equipment.
ISO 21010:2017 focuses on materials that are normally with or could be in contact with cryogenic fluids.
Kryo-Behälter - Verträglichkeit von Gas/Werkstoffen (ISO/DIS 21010:2025)
Récipients cryogéniques - Compatibilité entre gaz et matériaux (ISO/DIS 21010:2025)
Kriogene posode - Združljivost materialov s plinom (ISO/DIS 21010:2025)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2026
Kriogene posode - Združljivost materialov s plinom (ISO/DIS 21010:2025)
Cryogenic vessels - Gas/material compatibility (ISO/DIS 21010:2025)
Kryo-Behälter - Verträglichkeit von Gas/Werkstoffen (ISO/DIS 21010:2025)
Récipients cryogéniques - Compatibilité entre gaz et matériaux (ISO/DIS 21010:2025)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 21010
ICS:
23.020.40 Proti mrazu odporne posode Cryogenic vessels
(kriogenske posode)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 21010
ISO/TC 220
Cryogenic vessels — Gas/material
Secretariat: AFNOR
compatibility
Voting begins on:
Récipients cryogéniques — Compatibilité gaz/matériaux
2025-11-24
Voting terminates on:
ICS: 23.020.40
2026-02-16
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
Reference number
ISO/DIS 21010:2025(en)
DRAFT
ISO/DIS 21010:2025(en)
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 21010
ISO/TC 220
Cryogenic vessels — Gas/material
Secretariat: AFNOR
compatibility
Voting begins on:
Récipients cryogéniques — Compatibilité gaz/matériaux
ICS: 23.020.40 Voting terminates on:
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
© ISO 2025
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO copyright office
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DIS 21010:2025(en)
ii
ISO/DIS 21010:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Compatibility of materials with cryogenic fluids other than oxygen. 1
5 General requirements for oxygen service . 2
5.1 Evaluation of materials for oxygen service .2
5.1.1 General .2
5.1.2 Evaluation of the insulation system .2
5.2 Evaluation of metallic materials .2
5.3 Evaluation of non-metallic materials .3
5.4 Test methods .3
5.4.1 General .3
5.4.2 Spontaneous ignition test (bomb test) .4
5.4.3 Oxygen pressure surge test .4
5.4.4 Aging resistance test .5
5.4.5 Mechanical impact test in liquid oxygen (LOX) .5
5.4.6 Hot wire test .6
5.4.7 Alternative method for acceptance .6
Annex A (informative) Metallic materials commonly used for cryogenic vessels and associated
equipment for liquid oxygen service . 7
Annex B (normative) Spontaneous ignition test (bomb test) . 8
Annex C (normative) Pressure surge test .13
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/68/EU (Pressure Equipment Directive) aimed to be
covered .15
Bibliography .16
iii
ISO/DIS 21010:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent
rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of
patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 220, Cryogenic vessels.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 21010:2017), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes compared to the previous edition are as follows:
— Table 1 “Minimum spontaneous ignition temperature” has been deleted and replaced with Table 1
“Example of selecting test methods”,
— Aging resistance test has been added as test method to chapter 5.4,
— Table A1: Aluminium and aluminium alloys has been deleted and replaced with Carbon steels,
— B8. Test report: has been extended up to five single tests and with mean spontaneous ignition temperature,
— Annex C: Has been significantly shortened with reference to ISO 11114-6 . Figures has been deleted.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 21010:2025(en)
Cryogenic vessels — Gas/material compatibility
1 Scope
This document focuses on materials that are normally with or could be in contact with cryogenic fluids.
This document specifies gas/material compatibility requirements (such as ignition and burn resistance in
liquid and gaseous oxygen equipment) for cryogenic vessels, but it does not cover mechanical properties (e.g.
for low-temperature applications).
This document provides general guidance for compatibility with gases and detailed compatibility
requirements for oxygen and oxygen-enriched atmospheres. This document also defines the testing methods
for establishing oxygen compatibility of materials (metallic and non-metallic) to be used for cryogenic
vessels and associated equipment, and for gaseous oxygen applications.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 11114-6, Gas cylinders — Compatibility of cylinder and valve materials with gas contents — Part 6: Oxygen
pressure surge testing
ISO 23208, Cryogenic vessels — Cleanliness for cryogenic service
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Compatibility of materials with cryogenic fluids other than oxygen
Cryogenic vessels are used in a range of temperatures from very low temperature to ambient temperature.
[1] [2]
In the case of cryogenic fluids other than oxygen, ISO 11114-1 and ISO 11114-2 can be used as a guide for
cryogenic vessels.
On excluding oxygen, compatibility problems such as corrosion normally occur at ambient temperature and
become negligible at cryogenic temperatures. However, cold embrittlement requirements shall be taken into
account with cryogenics.
ISO/DIS 21010:2025(en)
5 General requirements for oxygen service
5.1 Evaluation of materials for oxygen service
5.1.1 General
The selection of a material for use with oxygen and/or in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere is primarily a
matter of understanding the circumstances that cause the material to react with oxygen. Most materials
in contact with oxygen will not ignite without a source of ignition energy. When an energy input rate, as
converted to heat, is greater than the rate of heat dissipation, and the resulting heat increase is continued
for sufficient time, ignition and combustion will occur. Thus, two things shall be considered:
— the material's minimum ignition temperature in gaseous oxygen;
— the energy sources that will produce a sufficient increase in the temperature of the material.
These should be viewed in the context of the entire system design so that the specific factors listed below
will assume proper relative significance.
The specific factors are:
— the properties of the materials, including the factors affecting ease of ignition and the conditions affecting
potential resultant damage (heat of reaction);
— the operating conditions: pressure, temperature, gas velocity, oxygen concentrations, and oxygen state
(gaseous or liquid) and surface contamination in accordance with ISO 23208;
— the potential sources of ignition: friction, heat of compression, heat from mass impact, heat from particle
impact, static electricity, electric arc, resonance, and internal flexing etc.;
— the reaction effect (consequences on the surroundings, etc.);
— additional factors: performance requirements, prior experience, and availability.
5.1.2 Evaluation of the insulation system
If non-metallic materials used in insulation can be exposed to oxygen pressure surges, they shall be tested in
accordance with 5.4.3.
Non-metallic materials used in insulation systems for cryogenic vessels, that can come into contact with
liquid oxygen or condensed enriched air, shall be tested in accordance with 5.4.6.
If a non-metallic material used in insulation system can be exposed to liquid oxygen or condensed enriched
air but exposure to oxygen pressure surges can be safely excluded in practice application, there is no need
to performed oxygen pressure surge testing (in accordance with 5.4.3) but hot wire testing is required
according to 5.4.6. In this case, the operating conditions which may affect the insulation system shall be
considered by means of a risk assessment.
NOTE Condensed enriched air can be produced on surfaces with temperatures colder than −191,3 °C at ambient
pressure.
5.2 Evaluation of metallic materials
Metallic materials do not normally present any incompatibility when in contact with oxygen as long as they
are evaluated for cold embrittlement and able to handle the cryogenic temperature. However, the ignition
of non-metallic materials can lead to the ignition and combustion of metallic materials. Annex A lists the
metallic materials commonly used for cryogenic vessels and associated equipment for liquid oxygen service.
Particular attention shall be paid to parts of thin metallic materials. Ignition or violent reactions can occur
when metallic materials are used with high surface to volume ratio, and when high ignition energy is
ISO/DIS 21010:2025(en)
available (e.g. pump failure). Materials to be used in applications where the ignition energy is potentially
high should be subjected to special consideration.
[3]
NOTE 1 ASTM G124 provides a test method on determining the burning behaviour of metallic materials in oxygen
enriched atmospheres after promoted ignition.
For cryogenic vessels intended for oxygen service, the test described in 5.4.5 shall be performed with
liquid oxygen.
NOTE 2 In the event of ignition of metallic materials, certain alloy components can lead to more violent reactions
with the oxygen. This applies to aluminium or alloys with an aluminium content of more than 2,5 %. Titanium and
its alloys as well as zirconium and its alloys are not suitable for use in oxygen applications with elevated oxygen
concentrations.
NOTE 3 Condensed enriched air can be produced on surfaces with temperatures colder than −191,3 °C at ambient
pressure.
5.3 Evaluation of non-metallic materials
Example of non-metallic materials includes plastics, elastomers, lubricants, ceramics, glasses and glues.
Especially organic based materials present a high risk of ignition when in contact with oxygen and shall be
avoided. Organic materials shall be carefully selected, shall be suitable for their intended use and shall be
used in limited quantities.
Some fully oxidized materials, such as ceramics and glass, present no risk of ignition provided they are not
contaminated.
Any combustible non-metallic materials, used in steady or incidental contact with oxygen, where the
presence of a potential source of ignition is a risk, shall be. Guidelines for selecting test methods is outlined
in 5.4.1. Consideration shall be given to testing materials used in those parts of the system where oxygen
accumulation might incidentally occur.
For cryogenic vessels intended for oxygen service, the test described in 5.4.5 shall be performed with oxygen.
NOTE Condensed enriched air can be produced on surfaces with temperature colder than −191,3 °C at ambient
pressure.
It shall be considered that the compatibility of a particular non-metallic material with oxygen can vary
between different batches based on quality control of the material, control of the test variables or by
performing a low number of repeat testing. Tests of non-metallic materials shall be carried out on finished
products for a safety-related transferability of the test results as any manufacturing process can have an
influence on the oxygen compatibility.
NOTE Influences during manufacturing process can be caused by using additives, release agents, special
temperature treatments or applying forming pressure.
5.4 Test methods
5.4.1 General
Each material to be tested shall be clearly identified, usually by the commercial name, the manufacturer's
name, and its batch number.
Considering the conditions at practical application as well as the potential sources of ignition, the intended
use conditions for each material shall be clearly identified. Based on the maximum oxygen pressure, the
maximum use temperature, and the intended use in static and/or dynamic pressure conditions, the test
methods shall be specifically determined.
NOTE At static pressure conditions, rapid oxygen pressure changes on the material can be safely excluded
in practical use. At dynamic pressure conditions, rapid oxygen pressure changes on the material cannot be safely
excluded in practical use.
ISO/DIS 21010:2025(en)
An example of selecting test methods is given in table 1.
Table 1 — Example of selecting test methods
Spontaneous Oxygen pressure Aging Mechanical
ignition test surge test test impact test
(5.4.2) (5.4.3) (5.4.4.) (5.4.5.)
Static pressure at oxygen
- - -
temperatures up to 60 °C
Static pressure at oxygen
temperatures greater - -
than 60 °C
Dynamic pressure at
oxygen temperatures up - - -
to 60 °C
Dynamic pressure at
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.