EN 15377-1:2008

Heating systems in buildings - Design of embedded water based surface heating and cooling systems - Part 1: Determination of the design heating and cooling capacity

This European Standard is applicable to water based surface heating and cooling systems in residential, commercial and industrial buildings.
The methods apply to systems integrated into the wall, floor or ceiling construction without any open air gaps.
The methods do not apply to heated or chilled ceiling panels or beams.
This European Standard provides steady-state calculation methods for determination of the heating and cooling capacity (part 1).
This European Standard estimates an equivalent system resistance to be used in dynamic building simulation programs.
This European Standard applies also, as appropriate, to the use of other fluids instead of water.
A separate standard provides a method for design, dimensioning and installation of the system (part 2).
This European Standard is not applicable for testing or certification of systems.
A separate standard provides a method and guidance on how to optimise the design for use of renewable energy sources and take system dynamic effects into account (part 3).

Heizungsanlagen in Gebäuden - Planung von eingebetteten Flächenheiz- und Kühlsystemen mit Wasser als Arbeitsmedium - Teil 1: Bestimmung der Auslegungs-Heiz- bzw. Kühlleistung

Diese Europäische Norm gilt für Flächenheiz  und  kühlsysteme mit Wasser als Arbeitsmedium in Wohnhäusern, Geschäfts  und Industriebauten.
Die Verfahren gelten für in Wand , Decken  oder Fußbodenkonstruktionen eingebaute Systeme ohne offene Luftspalte.
Die Verfahren gelten nicht für beheizte oder gekühlte Deckenplatten oder  strahler.
Diese Norm stellt Berechnungsverfahren zur Bestimmung der Heiz  und Kühlleistung im Beharrungszustand zur Verfügung (Teil 1).
Diese Norm enthält eine Abschätzung eines äquivalenten Systemwiderstands zur Verwendung in dynamischen Gebäudesystemsimulationsprogrammen.
Diese Norm gilt sinngemäß auch für die Verwendung anderer Flüssigkeiten als Wasser.
In einer gesonderten Norm wird ein Verfahren für die Planung, Auslegung und Installation des Systems zur Verfügung gestellt (Teil 2).
Diese Norm ist nicht für die Prüfung oder Zertifizierung von Heiz- oder Kühlsystemen geeignet.
In einer weiteren gesonderten Norm werden ein Verfahren sowie Leitlinien zur Planungsoptimierung zur Verwendung erneuerbarer Energiequellen und zur Berücksichtigung der systemdynamischen Auswirkungen bereitgestellt (Teil 3).

Systèmes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Conception des systèmes de chauffage et refroidissement par le sol, le mur et le plafond - Partie 1 : Détermination de la puissance de chauffage et de refroidissement théorique

La présente Norme européenne s’applique aux systèmes de chauffage et refroidissement intégrés à circulation d’eau dans les bâtiments résidentiels, commerciaux et industriels.
Les méthodes s’appliquent aux systèmes intégrés dans les sols, murs ou plafonds sans ouverture sur l’air libre.
Les méthodes ne s’appliquent pas aux panneaux ou poutres de plafond chauffés ou refroidis.
La présente Norme européenne fournit des méthodes de calcul en régime permanent pour la détermination de la capacité de chauffage et refroidissement (partie 1).
La présente Norme européenne estime une résistance de système équivalente, à utiliser dans les programmes de simulation dynamique de bâtiment.
La présente Norme européenne peut s’appliquer,  entant que de besoin, à l’utilisation de fluides autres que l’eau.
Une norme indépendante fournit une méthode de conception, dimensionnement et installation du système (partie 2).
La présente Norme européenne n’est pas applicable pour les essais ou la certification des systèmes.
Une norme indépendante fournit une méthode et des recommandations pour l’optimisation de la conception pour l’emploi de sources d’énergie renouvelables et prend en compte les effets des régimes instationnaires du système (partie 3).

Ogrevalni sistemi v stavbah - Načrtovanje vodnih sistemov za ogrevanje in hlajenje, vgrajenih v konstrukcijo - 1. del: Določevanje načrtovane izhodne toplotne in hladilne moči površine

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 24-Jun-2008
• Withdrawal Date: 13-Apr-2025
• ICS: 91.140.10 - Central heating systems
• ICS: 91.140.30 - Ventilation and air-conditioning systems
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 228 - Heating systems in buildings
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 228/WG 5 - Heating Systems in Buildings
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Start Date: 05-Aug-2015
• Completion Date: 14-Apr-2025
• Ref Project: SIST EN 15377-1:2008 - Heating systems in buildings - Design of embedded water based surface heating and cooling systems - Part 1: Determination of the design heating and cooling capacity

Relations

• Replaced By: EN ISO 11855-1:2015 - Building environment design - Design, dimensioning, installation and control of embedded radiant heating and cooling systems - Part 1: Definition, symbols, and comfort criteria (ISO 11855-1:2012)
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022
• Replaced By: EN ISO 11855-2:2015 - Building environment design - Design, dimensioning, installation and control of embedded radiant heating and cooling systems - Part 2: Determination of the design heating and cooling capacity (ISO 11855-2:2012)
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Heizungssysteme in Gebäuden - Planung von eingebetteten Flächenheiz- und -kühlsystemen mit Wasser als Arbeitsmedium - Teil 1: Bestimmung der Norm-Heiz- bzw. -kühlleistungSystemes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Méthode de calculs économiques appliquée aux systemes énergétiques dans les bâtiments, avec prise en compte des énergies renouvelablesHeating systems in buildings - Design of embedded water based surface heating and cooling systems - Part 1: Determination of the design heating and cooling capacity91.140.10Sistemi centralnega ogrevanjaCentral heating systemsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15377-1:2008SIST EN 15377-1:2008en,de01-november-2008SIST EN 15377-1:2008SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15377-1June 2008ICS 91.140.10; 91.140.30 English VersionHeating systems in buildings - Design of embedded water basedsurface heating and cooling systems - Part 1: Determination ofthe design heating and cooling capacitySystèmes de chauffage dans les bâtiments - Méthode decalculs économiques appliquée aux systèmes énergétiquesdans les bâtiments, avec prise en compte des énergiesrenouvelablesHeizungsanlagen in Gebäuden - Planung von eingebettetenFlächenheiz- und Kühlsystemen mit Wasser alsArbeitsmedium - Teil 1: Bestimmung der Auslegungs-Heiz-bzw. KühlleistungThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 May 2008.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as theofficial versions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2008 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15377-1:2008: ESIST EN 15377-1:2008

Recommended maximum/minimum surface temperatures.23 A.1 Encouragement to design for low water temperature for heating and high water temperature for cooling.23 A.2 Floor heating and cooling.23 A.3 Wall heating and cooling.24 A.4 Ceiling heating and cooling.26 A.5 Example of calculation for heated or cooled ceiling.27 Annex B (normative)
General resistance method.29 B.1 General equations.29 B.2 Calculation of tRfor pipes embedded in massive concrete (steady state condition).31 B.3 Calculation of tRfor capillary pipes embedded in a layer at the inner surface
(steady state condition).33 Annex C (normative)
Pipes embedded in wooden construction.37 C.1 Field of application.37 C.2 Determination of heat exchange by calculation.37 C.2.1 Applicability.37 C.2.2 The calculation model – general.37 C.2.3 Calculation procedure for determination of equivalent heat transmission coefficient.38 C.2.4 Calculation procedure for components and element characteristics.40 C.3 Estimation of the resistances based on testing according to EN 1264- 2.45 SIST EN 15377-1:2008

Method for verification of FEM and FDM calculation programs.47 Annex E (informative)
Values for heat conductivity of materials and air layers.51 E.1 Solid materials.51 E.2 Trapped air layers.52 Bibliography.53
embedded surface heating and cooling system where pipes carrying water with or without additives as a medium are laid in the floor (wall, ceiling) 3.1.3 circuit section of an embedded surface heating/cooling system connected to a distributor which can be independently switched and controlled 3.1.4 distributor common connection point for several circuits 3.1.5 open air gap air gap in the floor, wall, ceiling construction, where air exchange with space or outside may occur 3.2 Design parameters 3.2.1 design heat load (QN,h) required heat flow necessary to achieve the specified design conditions at the outside winter design conditions NOTE When calculating the value of the design heat load, the heat flow from embedded heating systems into neighbour rooms is not taken into account. 3.2.2 design heating capacity (QH,h) thermal output at design conditions of a surface heated room 3.2.3 design cooling load (QN,c) required heat flow necessary to achieve the specified design conditions at the outside summer design conditions 3.2.4 design cooling capacity (QH,c) thermal output at design conditions of a surface cooled room 3.2.5 heating/cooling capacity for circuit (QHC) heat exchange between a pipe circuit and the conditioned room 3.2.6 design heating/cooling medium flow rate (mH) mass flow rate in a circuit which is needed to achieve the design heat flow intensity 3.2.7 design indoor temperature (θθθθi) operative temperature at the centre of the conditioned space used for calculation of the design load and capacity NOTE The operative temperature is considered as relevant for thermal comfort assessment and heat loss calculations. This value of internal temperature is used for the calculation method. SIST EN 15377-1:2008

of the heating medium equal to 0 3.4.2 average surface temperature
( ( ( (θθθθS,m ) ) ) ) average value of all surface temperatures in the occupied or peripheral area 3.4.3 mean surface temperature difference difference between the average surface temperature θ S,m and the design indoor temperature θ i NOTE
The mean surface temperature difference determines the heat flow intensity.
3.4.4 minimum surface temperature (θθθθS,min) minimum temperature permissible for physiological reasons or building physics reasons, for calculation of the limit curves, which may occur at a point on the surface (floor, wall, ceiling) in the occupied or peripheral area depending on the particular usage at a temperature drop σ
of the heating medium equal to 0 3.5 Temperatures of the heating/cooling medium 3.5.1 heating/cooling medium differential temperature ((((∆θ∆θ∆θ∆θH) logarithmical determined average difference between the temperatures of the heating/cooling medium and the design indoor temperature: SIST EN 15377-1:2008

The basic characteristic curve is dependent on heating/cooling and surface (floor/wall/ceiling) but not on the type of embedded system.
3.6.2 family of characteristic curves curves denoting the system-specific relationship between the heat flow intensity q and the required heating medium differential temperature
∆θH for conduction resistance of various floor coverings 3.6.3 limit curves curves in the field of characteristic curves showing the pattern of the limit heat flow intensity depending on the heating medium differential temperature and the floor covering 3.6.4 limit heating medium differential temperature
(∆θ (∆θ (∆θ (∆θH,G) differential temperature determined by the intersection of the system characteristic curve with the limit curve SIST EN 15377-1:2008

Clause 7);  Finite Element Method and Finite Difference Method (see Clause 8). Different simplified calculation methods are included in Clause 7 for calculation of the surface temperature (average, maximum and minimum temperature) depending on the system construction (type of pipe, pipe diameter, pipe distance, mounting of pipe, heat conducting devices, distribution layer) and construction of the floor/wall/ceiling (covering, insulation layer, trapped air layer etc.). The simplified calculation methods are specific for the given type of system, and the boundary conditions listed in Clause 7 shall be met. In the calculation report, it shall be clearly stated which calculation method has been applied. In case a simplified calculation method is not available for a given type of system, either a basic calculation using two or three dimensional Finite Element or Finite Difference Method may be applied (see Clause 8 and Annex D), or a laboratory testing in combination with a calculation may be applied according to EN 1264. Based on the calculated average surface temperature at given combinations of medium (water) temperature and space temperature, it is possible to determine the steady state heating and cooling capacity (see
Clause 10). If proved certificated values for the specific thermal output shall be used, generally EN 1264-2 and/or -5 applies. 6 Heat exchange coefficient between surface and space The relationship between heat flow intensity and mean surface temperature difference (see Figure 1 and Equations (3) to (6)) depends on the type of surface (floor, wall, ceiling) and whether the temperature of the surface is lower (cooling) or higher (heating) than the space temperature. SIST EN 15377-1:2008

Mean surface temperature difference (θS,m-θi) in K
Figure 1 — Basic characteristic curve for floor heating and ceiling cooling in accordance with EN 1264 For floor heating and ceiling cooling in Figure 1, the heat flow intensity q is given by: q = 8,92 (θS,m -
θi)1,1
(W/m2)
(3) where θS,m
is the average surface temperature in °C; θi
is the nominal indoor operative temperature in °C. For other types of surface heating and cooling systems, the heat flow intensity q is given by: Wall heating and wall cooling:
q = 8 (θs,m - θi )
(W/m2)
(4) Ceiling heating:
q = 6 (θs,m - θi )
(W/m2)
(5) Floor cooling:
q = 7 (θs,m - θi )
(W/m2)
(6) SIST EN 15377-1:2008
θS,m > θS,min always apply. The attainable value, θS,m, depends not only on the type of system, but also on the operating conditions (temperature drop σ = θv - θR, outward heat flow qu and heat resistance of the covering Rλ,B). The following assumptions form the basis for calculation of the heat flow intensity:  heat transfer between the heated or cooled surface and the space occurs in accordance with the basic characteristic curve;  the temperature drop σ = 0; the dependence of the characteristic curve on the temperature drop is determined by using the logarithmically determined heating medium differential temperature ∆θH (see Equation (1));  turbulent flow in pipe: mH
/ di > 4 000 kg/(h.m);  no lateral heat flow. 7 Simplified calculation methods for determining heating and cooling capacity or surface temperature 7.1 General Two types of calculation methods can be applied according to the type of system:  one method is based on a single power function product of all relevant parameters developed from the Finite Element Method (FEM);  another method is based on calculation of equivalent thermal resistance between the temperature of the heating or cooling medium and the surface temperature (or room temperature). A given system construction can only be calculated with one of the simplified methods. The correct method to apply depends on the type of system (denoted by the letters A to G as determined by position of pipes, concrete or wooden construction) and the boundary conditions listed in Table 2. SIST EN 15377-1:2008

m01,0Su≥ m 03,0m 008,0≤≤d 01,0/Seu≥λ
7.2; EN 1264 In insulation, conductive devices, one side loss less than or equal to 10 % of total B 2b) m45,0T05,0≤≤ m 0,022
d
m 0,014<< 18,0/S01,0eu≤λ≤ 7.2; EN 1264 Plane section system D
7.2; EN 1264 In concrete slab E 4 7.3,
B.1 Capillary tubes in concrete surface F 5 3,0/≥TST 2,0/≤Tda 7.3,
B.2 Wooden constructions, pipes in sub floor or under sub floor, conductive devices G 6 gmaterialsurroundinwlλλ⋅≥10 01,0≥⋅λWLS 7.3,
Annex C
7.2 Universal single power function according to EN 1264 The heat flux between embedded pipes (temperature of heating or cooling medium) and the space is calculated by the general equation: qBam=⋅⋅∏()iiHi∆θ
(W/m2)
(7) where B is a system-dependent coefficient in W/(m2⋅K); this depends on the type of system and on the heat exchange coefficient; ()amiii∏ is the power product which links the parameters of the structure (surface covering, pipe spacing, pipe diameter and pipe covering). This calculation method is given in EN 1264-2 for the following four types of systems:  type A with pipes embedded in the screed or concrete (see Figure 2 and EN 1264); SIST EN 15377-1:2008

Key 1 floor covering 2 weight bearing and thermal diffusion layer (cement screed, anhydrite screed, asphalt screed) 3 thermal insulation 4 structural bearing
Key 1 floor covering 2 weight bearing and thermal diffusion layer (cement screed, anhydrite screed, asphalt screed, wood) 3 heat diffusion devices 4 thermal insulation 5 structural bearing
Figure 2 a) Systems of type A and C Figure 2 b) Systems of type B Figure 2 — Systems of type A, B and C covered by the method in EN 1264 7.3 Thermal resistance methods The heat flux between embedded pipes (temperature of heating or cooling medium) and the space or surface is calculated using thermal resistances. The concept is shown in Figure 3. An equivalent resistance, RHC, between the heating or cooling medium to a fictive core (or heat conduction layer) at the position of the pipes is determined. This resistance includes the influence of type of pipe, pipe SIST EN 15377-1:2008

The equivalent resistance of the heat conductive layer is calculated in different ways depending on the type of system. This calculation method, using the general resistance concept, is given in Annex B for the following two types of systems:  type E with pipes embedded in massive concrete slabs (see Figure 4 and B.2);  type F with capillary pipes embedded in a layer at the inside surface (see Figure 5 and B.3).
Figure 3 — Basic network of thermal resistances
Figure 4 — Pipes embedded in a massive concrete layer, systems of type E SIST EN 15377-1:2008

Figure 5 — Capillary pipes embedded in a layer at the inner surface, systems of type F This calculation method, using the general resistance concept, is shown in Annex C for systems of type G with pipes embedded in wooden floor constructions using heat conducting plates (see Figure 6).
Key 1 floor covering 2 flooring boards 3 wood joist or truss 4 tube 5 insulation that decreases downward heat flow 6 heat emission plates that increase heat transfer where necessary Figure 6a) Tube in subfloor SIST EN 15377-1:2008

Key 1 finish floor 2 flooring boards 3 wood joist or truss 4 tube 5 fibreglass batt insulation with reflective surface up 6 heat emission plates that increase heat transfer where necessary Figure 6b) Tube under subfloor Figure 6 — Pipes embedded in a wooden floor construction, systems of type G The equivalent resistance of the conductive layer may also be determined either by calculation using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) or Finite Difference Methods (FDM) (see Clause 8) or by laboratory testing (EN 1264). 8 Use of basic calculation programs 8.1 Basic calculation programs A numerical analysis by Finite Element Method or by Finite Difference Method shall be conducted in accordance with the state-of-the-art practice and the applicable codes and standards, in such a way that it can readily be verified. The calculation program used shall be verified according to Annex D. The numerical analysis may be used to calculate the heating and cooling capacity or the equivalent resistances. On basis of the equivalent resistances, the heating and cooling capacity is calculated for different temperature differences between the surface and the room. SIST EN 15377-1:2008

Recommended maximum/minimum surface temperatures A.1 Encouragement to design for low water temperature for heating and high water temperature for cooling This involves considerations on comfort, building physics (condensation), influence on materials and producer data; see also EN 15377-2. Recommended maximum and minimum surface temperatures are given in Table A.1. Table A.1 — Recommended max-min surface temperatures
Surface temperature [°C]
Maximum S,max Minimum S,min Floor Peripheral 35 19 Floor Occupied zone 29 19 Wall
40 see A.3 Ceiling
see A.4 and A.5 see A.4 and A.5 A.2 Floor heating and cooling Figure A.1 shows the relation between floor surface temperature and percentage of dissatisfied sedentary / standing subjects wearing normal indoor shoes (EN ISO 7730). Floor heating Max. 29 °C, perimeter zone 35 °C (EN 1264). For areas occupied by people with bare feet, other values depending on floor material should be applied; see references to relevant EN ISO standards. For further information on floor temperature, refer to
ISO TS 13732-2. Floor cooling Min. 20 °C by sedentary occupancy. Min. 18 °C in spaces with higher activity levels. Warning for dew point temperature.
Key 1 floor temperature 2 dissatisfied 3 local discomfort caused by warm and cool floors
Figure A.1 — Relation between floor surface temperature and percentage of dissatisfied sedentary/standing subjects wearing normal indoor shoes (EN ISO 7730) A.3 Wall heating and cooling Wall heating Maximum temperature in the range 35 °C to 50 °C. The maximum temperature may depend on the application of the wall heating system, e.g. whether the occupants easily get in contact with the surface, or in buildings for more sensitive persons like children or elderly. The risk for burns and pain is a skin temperature of
42 °C to 45 °C. The losses to the backside are to be considered as well as its influence on neighbour rooms
(EN ISO 13732-1). Wall cooling Warning regarding dew point. SIST EN 15377-1:2008

along the floor due to cold air draught from a cooled wall as a function of the
temperature difference between room, θθθθi , and cooled surface, θθθθs.
It is assumed that the cooled wall has the same width as the room. Parameter Distance to the cold surface Equations Unit Minimum air temperature
θθθθa,min
along the floor
X
θa,min = θi – (0,30 – 0,034 × X)( θi – θs )
°C
X < 0,4 m
()5,0max055,0hvsi⋅−⋅=θθ
m/s
0,4 < X < 2,0 ()5.0max32,1095,0hXvsi⋅−+=θθ
m/s
Maximum air velocity
ννννmax along the floor
2,0 < X ()5.0max028,0hvsi⋅−=θθ
m/s
Key 1 height of cooled wall, m 2 maximum air velocity 0,5 m from wall 3 down draught 4 recommended comfort limit for sedentary persons
Figure A.2 — Maximum air velo
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