EN 12961:2001
(Main)Adhesives for leather and footwear materials - Determination of optimum activation temperatures and maximum activation life of solvent-based and dispersion adhesives
Adhesives for leather and footwear materials - Determination of optimum activation temperatures and maximum activation life of solvent-based and dispersion adhesives
This European Standard describes the determination of optimum heat activation temperature and maximum activation life of solvent-based or dispersion adhesives coated onto adherends, primarily based on the requirements for sole attaching adhesives. Optimum heat activation temperature and maximum heat activation life depend mainly on the type, composition and colour of the adhesive as well as the footwear material used.
Klebstoffe für Leder und Schuhwerkstoffe - Bestimmung der optimalen Aktiviertemperatur und der maximalen Dauer der Aktivierbarkeit von Lösemittel- und Dispersionsklebstoffen
1 Anwendungsbereich
Diese Europäische Norm legt die Bestimmung der optimalen Wärmeaktiviertemperaturen und der maximalen
Dauer der Aktivierbarkeit von Lösemittel- und Dispersionsklebstoffen, die auf Fügeteile aufgetragen werden
und primär auf die Anforderungen an Klebstoffe für Schuhsohlen abgestimmt sind, fest. Die optimalen
Wärmeaktiviertemperaturen und die maximale Dauer der Aktivierbarkeit hängen hauptsächlich von Art,
Zusammensetzung und Farbe des Klebstoffes sowie vom verwendeten Schuhwerkstoff ab.
Adhésifs pour cuir et matériaux pour articles chaussants - Détermination de la température optimale d'activation et de la durée maximale d'activation des adhésifs à base de solvant et en dispersion
1 Domaine d'application
La présente norme européenne spécifie la détermination de la température optimale d'activation par la chaleur et la durée maximale d'activation d'adhésifs à base de solvant ou en dispersion appliqués sur des supports, principalement fondée sur les exigences relatives aux adhésifs de fixation de la semelle. La température optimale d'activation par la chaleur et la durée maximale d'activation par la chaleur dépendent essentiellement du type, de la composition et de la chaleur de l'adhésif ainsi que du matériau pour articles chaussants utilisé.
Lepila za usnje in obutvene materiale - Določevanje najugodnejše temperature aktivacije in najdaljše uporabne dobe aktiviranega lepila na osnovi topil in disperzijskih lepil
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 20-Mar-2001
- Withdrawal Date
- 29-Sep-2001
- Technical Committee
- CEN/TC 193 - Adhesives
- Drafting Committee
- CEN/TC 193 - Adhesives
- Current Stage
- 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
- Start Date
- 29-Oct-2020
- Completion Date
- 23-Sep-2025
Relations
- Effective Date
- 22-Dec-2008
Overview
EN 12961:2001 (CEN) specifies a test method for determining the optimum heat activation temperature and the maximum activation life of solvent‑based and dispersion adhesives applied to leather and footwear materials. The procedure is aimed primarily at sole‑attaching adhesives and defines how to prepare, activate, assemble and evaluate bonded test pieces to ensure reliable peel performance and acceptable coalescence.
Key topics
- Scope and purpose
- Targets solvent‑based and dispersion adhesives coated onto adherends used in footwear production.
- Focus on parameters that depend on adhesive type, composition, colour and the footwear materials used.
- Definitions and acceptance criteria
- Optimum activation temperature: surface temperature range producing satisfactory peel strength with non‑coalescence < 10%.
- Maximum activation life: longest elapsed time after coating where heat activation at the optimum temperature yields < 10% reduction in peel strength (vs. non‑stored, dried bonds) with non‑coalescence < 10%.
- Test procedure essentials
- Coats are dried under controlled atmosphere (ISO 554, 23 °C/50 % RH).
- Activation temperatures are tested at 10 °C intervals between 50 °C and 90 °C (typical interval), using an infra‑red heat activator and non‑contact surface thermometry; heating to 90 °C must take ≤ 15 s.
- Peel strength is measured following EN 1392 after defined storage (3–5 days) and conditioning.
- Drying / activation life schedule
- One‑component adhesives: soles dried for 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d; uppers 1 h, 4 h, 16 h.
- Two‑component adhesives: drying times include 1 h, 4 h, 16 h for both upper and sole coats.
- Reporting requirements
- Full adhesive and material ID, heat activator and temperature‑measurement equipment details, individual and mean peel values, non‑coalescence rates, any deviations from the method.
Applications and users
- Who uses EN 12961:
- Adhesive manufacturers (product development and QC)
- Footwear manufacturers (process validation, sole‑attaching parameters)
- Independent test laboratories (type approval, compliance testing)
- R&D teams evaluating new formulations or material combinations
- Practical value:
- Defines activation temperature windows and usable working life after coating to optimize production throughput and adhesion reliability.
- Helps avoid bonding failures (insufficient activation or over‑heating) and supports specification of adhesive handling and process parameters on production lines.
Related standards
- EN 1392 - bond strength test method for footwear adhesives
- EN 923 - adhesives terms and definitions
- EN 522 - reference footwear test materials / adhesive classification
- EN 1066 / EN 1067 - sampling and sample preparation
- ISO 554 - standard atmospheres for conditioning
- ISO 868 - Shore hardness measurement
Keywords: EN 12961, adhesives for leather, footwear adhesives, activation temperature, maximum activation life, solvent‑based adhesives, dispersion adhesives, sole attaching, peel strength, non‑coalescence, infra‑red activator, CEN.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN 12961:2001 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Adhesives for leather and footwear materials - Determination of optimum activation temperatures and maximum activation life of solvent-based and dispersion adhesives". This standard covers: This European Standard describes the determination of optimum heat activation temperature and maximum activation life of solvent-based or dispersion adhesives coated onto adherends, primarily based on the requirements for sole attaching adhesives. Optimum heat activation temperature and maximum heat activation life depend mainly on the type, composition and colour of the adhesive as well as the footwear material used.
This European Standard describes the determination of optimum heat activation temperature and maximum activation life of solvent-based or dispersion adhesives coated onto adherends, primarily based on the requirements for sole attaching adhesives. Optimum heat activation temperature and maximum heat activation life depend mainly on the type, composition and colour of the adhesive as well as the footwear material used.
EN 12961:2001 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 83.180 - Adhesives. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN 12961:2001 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 12961:2001/A1:2005. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase EN 12961:2001 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.WHPSHUDWXUHKlebstoffe für Leder und Schuhwerkstoffe - Bestimmung der optimalen Aktiviertemperatur und der maximalen Dauer der Aktivierbarkeit von Lösemittel- und DispersionsklebstoffenAdhésifs pour cuir et matériaux pour articles chaussants - Détermination de la température optimale d'activation et de la durée maximale d'activation des adhésifs a base de solvant et en dispersionAdhesives for leather and footwear materials - Determination of optimum activation temperatures and maximum activation life of solvent-based and dispersion adhesives83.180LepilaAdhesives61.060ObuvalaFootwearICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12961:2001SIST EN 12961:2002en01-februar-2002SIST EN 12961:2002SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 12961March 2001ICS 83.180English versionAdhesives for leather and footwear materials - Determination ofoptimum activation temperatures and maximum activation life ofsolvent-based and dispersion adhesivesAdhésifs pour cuir et matériaux pour articles chaussants -Détermination de la température optimale d'activation et dela durée maximale d'activation des adhésifs à base desolvant et en dispersionKlebstoffe für Leder und Schuhwerkstoffe - Bestimmungder optimalen Aktiviertemperatur und der maximalen Dauerder Aktivierbarkeit von Lösemittel- undDispersionsklebstoffenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 February 2001.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2001 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 12961:2001 ESIST EN 12961:2002
Page 2EN 12961:2001ContentsPageForeword.31Scope.42Normative references.43Terms and definitions.44Principle.45Safety.56Adhesive and materials.57Apparatus.58Test pieces.59Procedure.610Evaluation and expression of results.711Test report.8SIST EN 12961:2002
Page 3EN 12961:2001ForewordThis European Standard has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 193, "Adhesives", the secretariat ofwhich is held by AENOR.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text orby endorsement, at the latest by September 2001, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at thelatest by September 2001.According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the followingcountries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland and the United Kingdom.SIST EN 12961:2002
Page 4EN 12961:20011 ScopeThis European Standard specifies the determination of optimum heat activation temperatures and maximumactivation life of solvent-based or dispersion adhesives coated onto adherends, primarily based on therequirements for sole attaching adhesives. Optimum heat activation temperatures and maximum heat activation lifedepend mainly on the type, composition and colour of the adhesive as well as the footwear material used.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. Thesenormative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. Fordated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this EuropeanStandard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of thepublication referred to applies(including amendments).EN 522Adhesives for leather and footwear materials – Bond strength –Minimum requirements and adhesive classificationEN 923Adhesives — Terms and definitionsEN 1066Adhesives —
SamplingEN 1067Adhesives —
Examination and preparation of samples for testingEN 1392Adhesives for leather and footwear materials — Solvent-basedand dispersion adhesives —Test methods for measuring the bondstrength under specified conditionsISO 554Standard atmospheres for conditioning and/or testing —SpecificationsISO 868Plastics and ebonite — Determination of indentation hardness bymeans of a durometer (Shore hardness)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purpose of this standard, the definitions in accordance with EN 923, EN 1392, and the following definitions,apply:3.1optimum activation temperaturesrange of surface temperatures of a heat activated adhesive coat at which a bond is produced which on peel testinghas satisfactory strength with a proportion of non-coalescence of less than 10 %.3.2maximum activation lifelongest time interval, beginning with adhesive application, at the end of which, compared to bonds obtained afterdrying without storing, heat activation at an optimum activation temperature produces bonds of less than 10 %reduction in peel strength with non-coalescence of less than 10%.4 PrincipleThe surfaces of the upper and the sole materials used for testing are treated specifically to the type of material.Strips of specified size and form are cut from the treated materials and coated with the adhesive under test. Thecoats applied are dried for a specified period of time under specified conditions.For determination of the optimum activation temperatures coats on sole material strips are heat activated to varioussurface temperatures at intervals of 10 C from 50 C to 90 C, unless otherwise specified, and immediatelyassembled with dried but not activated coats on strips cut from upper material. The test pieces produced are storedfor a specified time under specified conditions before their strength is determined in a peel test in accordance withEN 1392.SIST EN 12961:2002
Page 5EN 12961:2001For determination of the maximum activation life coats on sole material strips are dried and heat activated, aftervarious specified time intervals, to a determined optimum activation temperature and immediately assembled withdried but not activated coats on strips cut from upper material. The test pieces obtained are stored for a specifiedtime under specified conditions before their strength is determined in a peel test in accordance with EN 1392.5 SafetyPersons using this standard shall be familiar with normal laboratory practice.This standard does not purport to address all the safety problems, if any, associated with its use.It is the respons
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The EN 12961:2001 standard provides a comprehensive guideline for the determination of optimum activation temperatures and maximum activation life of solvent-based and dispersion adhesives specifically geared towards leather and footwear materials. Its clear focus on sole attaching adhesives makes it particularly relevant for manufacturers and industry stakeholders who prioritize the performance and durability of adhesive bonds in footwear production. One of the standard's notable strengths is its detailed methodology for assessing the heat activation characteristics of adhesives. By addressing the influence of various factors such as the type, composition, and color of the adhesive, as well as the specific footwear materials involved, EN 12961:2001 equips users with the necessary framework to achieve optimal bonding performance. This level of detail ensures that manufacturers can make informed decisions in the selection and application of adhesives, ultimately enhancing product quality. Furthermore, the standard's emphasis on determining maximum activation life is crucial for production efficiency and cost management. By understanding how long a particular adhesive remains viable for heat activation, manufacturers can develop processes that minimize waste and improve turnaround times. In terms of scope, EN 12961:2001 stands out by providing a standardized approach to adhesive performance that is essential for maintaining industry-wide consistency. This relevance not only facilitates compliance with regulatory requirements but also fosters innovation within the sector by encouraging the exploration of new adhesive formulations. Overall, EN 12961:2001 serves as a vital resource for professionals in the leather and footwear industries, ensuring that they can reliably ascertain the effectiveness of various adhesives while adhering to best practices within the field.
EN 12961:2001は、皮革および靴材料用の接着剤に関する標準化文書であり、溶剤ベースおよび分散接着剤の最適な熱活性化温度と最大活性化寿命を決定する方法を定義しています。この標準の範囲は、主に靴の底付け接着剤の要件に基づいており、接着剤が塗布された基材上での評価に焦点を当てています。 この標準の強みは、接着剤の最適な熱活性化温度と最大の活性化寿命を科学的に評価できる点です。異なる接着剤のタイプや組成、色、さらには靴材料に基づいて、適切な条件を提供することで、製造業者は効率的かつ効果的な接着プロセスを確立することができます。また、標準により市場での一貫性と信頼性が保証され、製品の品質向上につながります。 さらに、EN 12961:2001は、接着剤がさまざまな環境条件下でどのように機能するかについての知見を提供し、業界のニーズに応えるための重要な指針を示しています。これにより、靴製造業者は、安全で持続可能な製品を開発するための戦略的な基盤を持つことができます。この標準が示す基準は、革新と品質管理の向上にも寄与しています。
La norme EN 12961:2001, intitulée "Adhésifs pour matériaux en cuir et en chaussure - Détermination des températures d'activation optimales et de la durée de vie maximale d'activation des adhésifs à base de solvant et des adhésifs en dispersion", offre un cadre essentiel pour évaluer les performances des adhésifs utilisés dans l'industrie de la chaussure. Le domaine d'application de cette norme est spécifiquement centré sur la détermination de la température d'activation optimale ainsi que de la durée de vie d'activation maximale des adhésifs. Cela est particulièrement pertinent pour les adhésifs destinés à fixer les semelles, qui représentent une partie critique dans la fabrication de chaussures. En se basant sur les exigences spécifiques aux adhésifs pour l'assemblage de semelles, la norme s'assure que les fabricants peuvent choisir des adhésifs conformes aux attentes de performance et de durabilité. Parmi les points forts de la norme, on note qu'elle prend en compte différents facteurs influençant l'efficacité des adhésifs, notamment le type, la composition et la couleur de l'adhésif, ainsi que le matériau utilisé pour les chaussures. Cette flexibilité permet de répondre aux divers besoins des fabricants et d’optimiser les processus d’assemblage en réduisant le risque de défaillances liées aux adhésifs mal adaptés. En termes de pertinence, la norme EN 12961:2001 répond directement aux besoins de l'industrie du cuir et de la chaussure, un secteur où la qualité et la longévité des produits finaux sont primordiales. En normalisant la méthode d'évaluation de la température d'activation et de la durée de vie d'activation, cette norme contribue à garantir des pratiques de fabrication plus sûres et plus efficaces, renforçant ainsi la confiance des consommateurs dans les produits finis. En résumé, la norme SIST EN 12961:2002 joue un rôle crucial en fournissant des directives claires sur l'activation thermique des adhésifs, favorisant ainsi l'innovation et la qualité dans la production de chaussures et de matériaux en cuir.
표준 EN 12961:2001은 가죽 및 신발 재료용 접착제의 특성을 평가하는 중요한 문서로, 특히 용매 기반 및 분산 접착제의 최적 활성화 온도와 최대 활성화 수명을 결정하는 방법에 대해 다룹니다. 이 표준은 주로 신발 밑창 붙임 접착제의 요구 사항에 근거하여 최적의 열 활성화 온도와 최대 열 활성화 수명이 접착제의 종류, 조성 및 색상, 그리고 사용되는 신발 재료에 따라 달라진다는 점을 강조합니다. EN 12961:2001의 강점 중 하나는 다양한 접착제의 특성을 과학적으로 분석하고, 이를 통해 신발 산업에서의 품질 보증을 향상시킬 수 있는 기준을 제시한다는 점입니다. 특히, 이 표준은 접착제의 사용 가능성을 시간에 따라 평가할 수 있는 방법론을 제공하여, 제조업체가 소비자의 요구에 적합한 제품을 개발할 수 있도록 돕습니다. 또한, 이 문서는 유럽 내에서의 접착제 사용과 관련된 법적 및 산업적 요구 사항을 충족하는 데 매우 중요한 역할을 하며, 산업계가 접착제의 안전성과 효율성을 보장하는 데 기여합니다. 따라서 EN 12961:2001은 접착제의 표준화 및 품질 관리의 중요한 기준으로 자리 잡고 있으며, 신발 제조업체와 접착제 생산업체 모두에게 필수적인 정보와 지침을 제공합니다. 이와 같은 표준의 중요성을 감안할 때, EN 12961:2001은 효과적인 신발 제조와 소재 선택에 있어최적의 성능을 보장하고, 제조 공정의 개선을 목표로 하는 모든 관련 업계 전문인에게 필수적인 문서입니다.
Die Norm EN 12961:2001 bietet eine umfassende Grundlage zur Bestimmung optimaler Aktivierungstemperaturen und der maximalen Aktivierungszeit von lösungsmittelhaltigen und dispersiven Klebstoffen, die auf verschiedenen Trägermaterialien, insbesondere im Bereich der Schuhherstellung, eingesetzt werden. Der Geltungsbereich dieser Europäischen Norm ist klar definiert und richtet sich in erster Linie an Hersteller und Verarbeiter von Fußbekleidungsprodukten, die sicherstellen möchten, dass ihre Klebeprozesse den aktuellen Standards entsprechen. Ein wesentlicher Vorteil der EN 12961:2001 liegt in ihrer detaillierten Analyse der Faktoren, die die optimale Aktivierungstemperatur und Lebensdauer der Aktivierung beeinflussen. Die Norm berücksichtigt wesentliche Aspekte wie die Art, Zusammensetzung und Farbe des Klebstoffs sowie das verwendete Schuhmaterial. Dies ermöglicht eine präzise Anpassung der Klebeanwendungen und trägt zur Verbesserung der Produktqualität bei. Zudem ist die Relevanz dieser Norm nicht zu unterschätzen, da sie den Herstellern hilft, die Effizienz ihrer Klebeprozesse zu maximieren und gleichzeitig die Langlebigkeit ihrer Produkte zu sichern. Unternehmen, die sich an diesen Standard halten, können nicht nur die Funktionalität ihrer Produkte verbessern, sondern auch die Gesamterfahrung des Endverbrauchers optimieren. Durch die klare Festlegung von Prüfmethoden und die Konzentration auf die praktischen Bedürfnisse der Industrie ist die EN 12961:2001 ein unverzichtbares Dokument für alle Akteure im Bereich der Leder- und Schuhmaterialien. Die Norm fördert einheitliche Qualitätsstandards und stellt sicher, dass die Anwendung von Klebstoffen sowohl sicher als auch effektiv ist. Diese Standardisierung ist entscheidend für die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit der Hersteller auf dem europäischen Markt und darüber hinaus.
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