EN ISO 19076:2023
(Main)Leather - Measurement of leather surface - Electronic techniques (ISO 19076:2023)
Leather - Measurement of leather surface - Electronic techniques (ISO 19076:2023)
This document provides a method for the measurement of the surface of leather or leather parts by the use of electronic measuring machines.
It applies to the measurement of leather (or leather parts) fulfilling the following requirements:
— flexible leather, finished or unfinished dry leather;
— flexible wet leather (see Annex E);
— flexibility, such as to allow full distension on the measuring line or surface.
Leder - Messung der Oberfläche des Leders - Elektronische Verfahren (ISO 19076:2023)
Dieses Dokument legt ein Verfahren für die Messung der Oberfläche von Leder oder von Lederteilen durch die Anwendung elektronischer Messmaschinen fest.
Die Norm ist für die Messung von Leder (oder Lederteilen) anwendbar, das (oder die) die folgenden Anforderungen erfüllt (erfüllen):
flexibles Leder, trockenes Leder mit oder ohne Zurichtung;
flexibles nasses Leder (siehe Anhang E);
Flexibilität, z. B. um die volle Ausdehnung auf der Messlinie oder Oberfläche zu ermöglichen.
Cuir - Mesurage de la surface du cuir - Techniques électroniques (ISO 19076:2023)
Le présent document fournit une méthode pour le mesurage de la surface du cuir ou de pièces de cuir au moyen d’appareils de mesure électroniques.
Il s’applique au mesurage du cuir (ou de pièces de cuir) satisfaisant aux exigences suivantes:
— cuir souple, cuir sec fini ou non fini;
— cuir humide souple (voir l’Annexe E);
— souplesse du cuir de manière à pouvoir le distendre complètement sur la ligne/surface de mesurage.
Usnje - Merjenje usnjene površine - Elektronske tehnike (ISO 19076:2023)
Standard ISO 19076:2016 podaja metodo za merjenje površine usnja ali usnjenih delov z uporabo elektronskih merilnih strojev.
Uporablja se za merjenje usnja (ali usnjenih delov), pri čemer izpolnjuje naslednje zahteve:
– upogljivo usnje, obdelano ali neobdelano, suho ali mokro usnje;
– upogljivost: takšna, ki omogoča popolno razteznost na merilni črti/površini.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2023
Usnje - Merjenje usnjene površine - Elektronske tehnike (ISO 19076:2023)
Leather - Measurement of leather surface - Electronic techniques (ISO 19076:2023)
Leder - Messung der Oberfläche des Leders - Elektronische Verfahren (ISO 19076:2023)
Cuir - Mesurage de la surface du cuir - Techniques électroniques (ISO 19076:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 19076:2023
ICS:
59.140.30 Usnje in krzno Leather and furs
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 19076
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
February 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 59.140.30 Supersedes EN ISO 19076:2016
English Version
Leather - Measurement of leather surface - Electronic
techniques (ISO 19076:2023)
Cuir - Mesurage de la surface du cuir - Techniques Leder - Messung der Oberfläche des Leders -
électroniques (ISO 19076:2023) Elektronische Verfahren (ISO 19076:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 22 January 2023.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 19076:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 19076:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/IULTCS
"International Union of Leather Technologists and Chemists Societies" in collaboration with Technical
Committee CEN/TC 289 “Leather” the secretariat of which is held by UNI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2023, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by August 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 19076:2016.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 19076:2023 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19076:2023 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19076
IULTCS
IUP 58
Second edition
2023-01
Leather — Measurement of leather
surface — Electronic techniques
Cuir — Mesurage de la surface du cuir — Techniques électroniques
Reference numbers
ISO 19076:2023(E)
IULTCS/IUP 58:2023(E)
ISO 19076:2023(E)
IULTCS/IUP 58:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 19076:2023(E)
IULTCS/IUP 58:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus and materials .2
5.1 Measuring machines. 2
5.1.1 General . 2
5.1.2 Measuring machine types with linear sensor array (types A, B and C) . 2
5.1.3 Type A roller measuring machine . 3
5.1.4 Roller measuring machine with transport roller (type A1) . 3
5.1.5 Roller measuring machine with transport conveyor (type A2) . 3
5.1.6 Conveyor measuring machine (type B) . 4
5.1.7 Standard conveyor measuring machine (type B1) . . 4
5.1.8 Vacuum tape conveyor measuring machine (type B2) . 4
5.1.9 Flatbed scanning machines (type C) . 4
5.1.10 Camera measuring machine (type D) . 5
5.2 Reference calibrated templates for machine verification . 5
6 Sampling and conditioning . 5
7 General measurement criteria .6
7.1 General requirement . 6
7.2 Leather orientation during measurement . 6
7.2.1 General . 6
7.2.2 Measuring whole leather pieces . 6
7.2.3 Measuring half-leather pieces . 6
7.2.4 Measuring leather cut pieces . . 7
7.3 Measurement operations . 7
7.3.1 Roller machines . 7
7.3.2 Conveyor machines . 7
7.3.3 Flatbed scanner machines and bi-dimensional static measuring devices. 8
8 Measurement procedure . 8
9 Calculation and expression of results . 9
10 Test report . 9
Annex A (normative) Manufacturing characteristics of calibrated templates for the
verification of electronic measuring machines .11
Annex B (normative) Procedure for the verification of a measuring machine by calibrated
templates .13
Annex C (normative) Laboratory record of calibrated templates .15
Annex D (informative) Repeatability and reproducibility .16
Annex E (informative) Pickled and wet leather conditioning before testing .18
Bibliography .19
iii
ISO 19076:2023(E)
IULTCS/IUP 58:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
IULTCS, originally formed in 1897, is a world-wide organization of professional leather societies to
further the advancement of leather science and technology. IULTCS has three Commissions, which
are responsible for establishing international methods for the sampling and testing of leather. ISO
recognizes IULTCS as an international standardizing body for the preparation of test methods for
leather.
This document was prepared by the Physical Test Commission of the International Union of Leather
Technologists and Chemists Societies (IUP Commission, IULTCS), in collaboration with the European
Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/TC 289, Leather, in accordance with
the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 19076:2016), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— the Scope, Clauses 3 to 9 and Annex A have been editorially and technically modified;
— a new Annex E for pickled and wet leather conditioning before testing has been inserted.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO 19076:2023(E)
IULTCS/IUP 58:2023(E)
Introduction
Leather surface measuring equipment used within the European Union (EU) for legal metrology
[4]
applications is also subject to the EU Directive 2014/32/EU on measuring instruments.
v
ISO 19076:2023(E)
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
IULTCS/IUP 58:2023(E)
Leather — Measurement of leather surface — Electronic
techniques
1 Scope
This document provides a method for the measurement of the surface of leather or leather parts by the
use of electronic measuring machines.
It applies to the measurement of leather (or leather parts) fulfilling the following requirements:
— flexible leather, finished or unfinished dry leather;
— flexible wet leather (see Annex E);
— flexibility, such as to allow full distension on the measuring line or surface.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 2419, Leather — Physical and mechanical tests — Sample preparation and conditioning
EN 15987, Leather — Terminology — Key definitions for the leather trade
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 15987 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
longitudinal advancement sensing system
feeding movement sensing system to detect the
longitudinal advancement of the leather with respect to the linear sensor array
3.2
measuring line
physical line where the leather presence is detected by
the sensor array
3.3
relative feed
movement of relative translation between leather and the system
detecting its presence
3.4
testing
setting and assessment of metrological compliance of the device
ISO 19076:2023(E)
IULTCS/IUP 58:2023(E)
4 Principle
The leather surface is measured by means of a measuring system provided with a linear or a two-
dimensional array of uniformly-spaced opto-electronic sensors capable of detecting leather presence.
There are two operating principles for sensors: the first based on the presence of an object between the
beam of a source and a receiver, the second based on the image captured by a digital camera.
In both cases the digital data signals are processed by a computer to generate elementary surface
units that contribute to calculate the surface of the sample. The calculation can be displayed, saved or
printed. The leather surface measure is displayed in metric units, having a scale interval of 1 dm . For
testing purposes, a scale interval shall be at least 0,1 dm . For other units of measurement, a suitable
conversion factor shall be used.
5 Apparatus and materials
5.1 Measuring machines
5.1.1 General
The measuring machines are currently built and classified in some basic types, in relation to the
different solutions adopted for the sensor array and for the relative feed.
Measuring machine types with linear sensor array:
— Type A Roller measuring machines: with transport roller (type A1) and with transport con-
veyor (type A2);
— Type B Conveyor measuring machines: standard conveyor machine (type B1) and vacuum
conveyor machine (type B2);
— Type C Flatbed scanning machines.
Measuring machine types with two-dimensional sensor array:
— Type D Type D
5.1.2 Measuring machine types with linear sensor array (types A, B and C)
These measuring machines consist at least of the following:
— A base frame.
— A relative feed system between leather and measuring system.
— A set of sensors (sensor array) uniformly spaced along a direction normal to the feeding movement,
to detect leather presence.
— A longitudinal advancement sensing system.
— A numerical indicator (display) of the leather surface measure, in metric units, having a scale
2 2
interval of 1 dm . For testing purposes, the scale interval shall be at least 0,1 dm .
As an option, the machine may be equipped with a stamping or printing system to record the surface
measured value onto leather or onto a label or paper. The distance i between the centre of two adjacent
sensors for the detection of leather presence shall not be greater than 27 mm across the feeding
direction.
ISO 19076:2023(E)
IULTCS/IUP 58:2023(E)
The length of the measuring line defines the detecting width of the machine and shall be indicated in
the test report.
Let p be the step of the leather presence detection along the feeding direction: the values of i and p shall
be such that their product i × p is not greater than 1/400 of the minimum measurable surface.
The feeding speed shall allow leather to spread out adequately during measurement. If necessary, the
machine is equipped with a feeding speed adjustment device to aid the fulfilment of this condition.
5.1.3 Type A roller measuring machine
In this type of machine there is a coincidence between the elements that make up the feeding system
and the optical detection system.
A horizontal introduction bench is present before the feeding system to facilitate the hide feeding of the
machine by the operator, and the feeding system is composed of two main sections, one section above
and one section below the introduction plane.
The section above is composed of one set of transparent free-running rollers of equal width, each one
including a sub-array of opto-electronic devices (emitters or sensors) and one encoder that detect the
roller rotation, giving the roller the independent ability to detect the longitudinal advancement of the
leather for the underlying portion. All the encoders of all the measuring rollers make up the longitudinal
advancement sensing system.
The section below is composed of one transport system that incorporates one array of uniformly spaced
opto-electronic devices (sensors or emitters), working in axis with the opto-electronic devices inside
the above measuring rollers and making up with them the optical detection system.
The points where the two sections come into contact indicate the measuring line of the machine.
5.1.4 Roller measuring machine with transport roller (type A1)
In this type of measuring machine, the transport system consists of one motorized roller that
incorporates the opto-electronic devices that define the measuring line. The introduction bench is
placed just before the measuring line. This means that the sensor array and the set of free-rotating
measuring rollers are part of the feeding system itself.
Once the hide has been inserted between the measuring rollers and the transport system, the movement
continues (autonomously) as a result of the friction generated by the light pressure of the rollers on the
hide (skin, leather). The feeding speed can affect the spreading out of the leather.
The movement of leather pieces under the rollers is controlled by their (relative) encoders, which are
independent from each other.
During feeding, leather pieces can be spread laterally (perpendicularly to feeding direction), slowed
down or stopped on the introduction bench by the operator.
If the machine allows a temporary feeding stop during measurement (e.g. by manual holding), this shall
not significantly alter the measuring value.
Any feeding inversion, even partial and/or temporary, shall automatically cancel the measure, unless
the measuring system allows for the inversion in the area calculation. Such information shall be checked
in the instruction manual provided by the machine manufacturer.
5.1.5 Roller measuring machine with transport conveyor (type A2)
In this type of measuring machine, the introduction bench consists of a transport conveyor with
(transparent) belts that incorporates the opto-electronic sensors and that defines the measuring line.
ISO 19076:2023(E)
IULTCS/IUP 58:2023(E)
This machine is generally used for measurement of an area before or after mechanical operations (e.g.
roller press) in the tanning process. It shall not be used for the verification of surface between seller
and customer.
The functional description of the device is the same as type A1. In comparison with transport roller
devices, the conveyor transport minimizes the dragging effect of the leather but can cause a lower
spreading of leather in the edges.
The feeding speed can affect the spreading out of the leather.
5.1.6 Conveyor measuring machine (type B)
In this type of machine, the feeding system is independent (separated) from the (linear) sensor array
and no mechanical work is applied on leather during the transport.
The linear sensor array generally consists of an optical detecting bar and a light source bar; the two
bars generally work in a transmissive-receptive way but, under certain conditions, reflective is also
possible.
The transport system consists of a conveyor tape that carries the leather through the measuring line by
means of cords or belts (e.g. nylon cords, transparent belts, strip belts) without any interference with
the optical detection system.
The detection of leather in the direction of feeding is generally unique for the whole measurement width
of the machine and is obtained with suitable devices (e.g. an encoder applied directly on a moving part
of a transport system).
If a service stop is applied, it is possible to stop the conveyor any time during the measurement without
affecting the final result.
The measurement can vary if the operator applies a lateral movement or manually blocks the transport
of leather under the sensors.
The feeding speed can affect the spreading out of the leather.
5.1.7 Standard conveyor measuring machine (type B1)
The length of the tape conveyor is adequate to ensure stable support of the leather during the
measurement.
Once most of the leather is laid flat on the conveyor tape, it advances to the measuring line jointly to the
conveyor tape and without any contact with the optical bar. The measurement occurs during the time
that the hide is passing over the measuring line.
5.1.8 Vacuum tape conveyor measuring machine (type B2)
This is similar to the type B1 machine but equipped with a low-pressure conveyor with an air aspiration
system that keeps the leather more adherent and firmer on the transport belt and that partially flattens
eventual wrinkles over the tape conveyor.
Once the hide is laid flat on the first part of the vacuum conveyor, the hide moves through towards the
measuring line attached to the belts.
The air aspiration system can affect the spreading out of the leather.
5.1.9 Flatbed scanning machines (type C)
This type of machine consists of a horizontal surface (flatbed) made with transparent glass, where
leather is laid flat, and a portal-shaped frame containing the sensors. The frame is manually or
mechanically moved over and parallel to the flatbed.
© IS
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