prEN 14944-3 rev

Influence of cementitious products on water intended for human consumption - Test methods - Part 3: Migration of substances from factory-made cementitious products

This European Standard specifies a method to determine the migration of substances from factory made cementitious products into test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes, etc., intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.

Einfluss zementgebundener Produkte auf Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch - Prüfverfahren - Teil 3: Migration von Substanzen aus fabrikmäßig hergestellten zementgebundenen Produkten

Influence des produits à base de ciment sur l'eau destinée à la consommation humaine - Méthodes d'essai - Partie 3 : Migration de substances à partir des produits fabriqués en usine

La présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode permettant de déterminer la migration des substances issues de produits à base de ciment fabriqués en usine dans les eaux d'essai après contact avec les produits concernés.
La présente Norme européenne s'applique aux produits à base de ciment fabriqués en usine, tels que les revêtements intérieurs de mortier de ciment appliqués sur des tubes métalliques, des réservoirs, des tubes en béton, etc., destinés à être utilisés pour le transport et le stockage de l'eau destinée à la consommation humaine, y compris l'eau brute utilisée pour la production de l'eau potable.

Vpliv cementnih proizvodov na pitno vodo - Preskusne metode - 3. del: Prehod snovi iz industrijsko izdelanih cementnih proizvodov

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• ICS: 13.060.20 - Drinking water
• ICS: 67.250 - Materials and articles in contact with foodstuffs
• ICS: 91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 164 - Water supply
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 164/WG 3 - Effects of materials in contact with drinking water
• Current Stage: 4098 - Decision to abandon - Enquiry
• Completion Date: 10-Jun-2016
• Directive: 305/2011 - Regulation (eu) No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 march 2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing council directive 89/106/eec
• Directive: 86/278/EEC - Protection of the environment, and in particular of the soil, when sewage sludge is used in agriculture
• Directive: 98/79/EC - Directive 98/79/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 October 1998 on in vitro diagnostic medical devices
• Mandate: M/136 REV2 - Revised mandate M/136 to CEN and CENELEC concerning the execution of standardisation work for harmonised standards on construction products in contact with water intended for human consumption related to the following end use: Transportation, storage and distribution up to, and including the consumer tap of the water intended for human consumption
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN 14944-3:2015 - Influence of cementitious products on water intended for human consumption - Test methods - Part 3: Migration of substances from factory-made cementitious products

Overview

prEN 14944-3 rev - Influence of cementitious products on water intended for human consumption - Test methods - Part 3 describes a standardized laboratory method to determine the migration of substances from factory-made cementitious products into water. Published by CEN (draft rev. 2015), the standard applies to products such as cement mortar linings for metallic pipes and tanks, concrete pipes and other factory-made cementitious items used for the transport or storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water for drinking-water production.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and purpose: Produces migration waters for assessment of inorganic and organic substances released from cementitious products.
• Preconditioning procedure: Test pieces undergo five sequential contact periods with a defined preconditioning water (three × 24 h, one × 72 h, final 24 h) to simulate initial surface conditioning.
• Migration procedure: After preconditioning, test pieces contact specified test water in three sequential migration periods. Options:
  • 72 h at (23 ± 2) °C for cold (chlorinated or chlorine-free) water, or
  • 24 h at a specified elevated temperature for warm/hot chlorine-free water.
• Test and preconditioning water compositions:
  • Preconditioning water: contains CaCl2 (222 ± 2 mg/L) and NaHCO3 (336 ± 2 mg/L), pH adjusted to 7.4 ± 0.1; target hardness and alkalinity indicated.
  • Test water: contains CaCl2 (110 ± 1 mg/L), NaHCO3 (140 ± 1 mg/L), sodium silicate (48 ± 1 mg/L), pH 7.0 ± 0.1; target silica 10 mg/L.
  • Chlorinated test water: free chlorine (1.0 ± 0.2 mg/L) added using sodium hypochlorite.
• Analytical and procedural details: Specifies reagents (analytical grade), apparatus cleaning, sample preparation, calculation of migration rates, and reporting requirements.
• Annexes: Normative and informative annexes cover additional procedures for pipes, fittings and storage systems, elevated temperature testing, S/V ratio guidance, test arrangements, and procedural controls.

Note: prEN 14944-3 rev supersedes EN 14944-3:2007; changes include removal of preconditioning disinfection and introduction of procedures to extend migration periods.

Applications and users

• Manufacturers of cementitious linings, concrete pipes and factory-made water-contact products - for product development and internal quality checks.
• Independent testing laboratories - to generate migration waters and determine released substances.
• Water utilities and asset owners - to assess material suitability for potable water systems.
• Regulators and certification bodies - to support conformity assessment and material approval for drinking-water contact.
• Designers and specifiers - to select materials with acceptable migration performance.

Related standards

• Part 1, 2 and 4 of EN 14944 series (organoleptic/organic migration; site-applied materials)
• Normative references used for test methods and lab water: EN ISO 3696, EN ISO 7393, ISO 10523, EN 196‑1, EN 1015 series, EN 12390 series.

Keywords: prEN 14944-3 rev, migration of substances, cementitious products, test methods, water intended for human consumption, cement mortar linings, chlorinated test water, preconditioning water, CEN.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2015
Vpliv cementnih proizvodov na pitno vodo - Preskusne metode - 3. del: Prehod
snovi iz industrijsko izdelanih cementnih proizvodov
Influence of cementitious products on water intended for human consumption - Test
methods - Part 3: Migration of substances from factory-made cementitious products
Einfluss zementgebundener Produkte auf Wasser für den menschlichen Gebrauch -
Prüfmethoden - Teil 3: Migration von Substanzen aus fabrikmässig hergestellten
zementgebundenen Produkten
Influence des produits à base de ciment sur l'eau destinées à la consommation humaine
- Méthodes d'essais - Partie 3 : Migration de substances à partir des produits fabriqués
en usine
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 14944-3 rev
ICS:
13.060.20 Pitna voda Drinking water
67.250 Materiali in predmeti v stiku z Materials and articles in
živili contact with foodstuffs
91.100.10 Cement. Mavec. Apno. Malta Cement. Gypsum. Lime.
Mortar
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 14944-3
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2015
ICS 13.060.20; 67.250 Will supersede EN 14944-3:2007
English Version
Influence of cementitious products on water intended for human
consumption - Test methods - Part 3: Migration of substances
from factory-made cementitious products
Influence des produits à base de ciment sur l'eau destinée Einfluss zementgebundener Produkte auf Wasser für den
à la consommation humaine - Méthodes d'essai - Partie 3 : menschlichen Gebrauch - Prüfmethoden - Teil 3: Migration
Migration de substances à partir des produits fabriqués en von Substanzen aus fabrikmässig hergestellten
usine zementgebundenen Produkten
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 164.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 14944-3:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

prEN 14944-3:2015 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Principle .7
5 Reagents .8
6 Apparatus .8
7 Samples and test pieces . 10
8 Pre-treatment of samples (curing and preconditioning) . 11
9 Test procedure . 12
10 Analysis . 12
11 Calculation of test results . 13
12 Test report . 13
Annex A (normative) Additional procedures for testing factory made pipes (cement mortar lined
and concrete) . 16
Annex B (normative) Additional procedures for testing factory made fittings (cement mortar
lined and concrete) . 21
Annex C (normative) Additional procedures for testing factory made storage systems (cement
mortar, cement mortar lined and concrete) . 26
Annex D (informative) Examples of typical test pieces and test conditions as a function of S/V
ratio . 31
Annex E (informative) Test arrangements for testing factory made cementitious products . 35
Annex F (normative) Additional procedures for testing factory made cementitious products at
elevated temperature . 42
Annex G (informative) Discrimination between porous and non-porous coatings on factory made
products . 43
Annex H (informative) Schematic description of the test procedure . 45
Annex I (informative)  Procedural tests using standard additions (positive controls) . 48
Bibliography . 49

prEN 14944-3:2015 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 14944-3:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 164 "Water supply", the
secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 14944-3:2007.
In comparison with EN 14944-3:2007, the following changes have been made:
— requirements for disinfection (preconditioning with 50 mg/L chlorine) have been removed;
— procedure for extending the number of migration periods have been included.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association.
This document describes a test method to produce migration waters for the assessment of inorganic and organic
substances.
This European Standard will result in one of a series of standards that support appropriate standards.
This European Standard consists of a series dealing with the influence of cementitious and associated non-
cementitious products/materials on water intended for human consumption, including:
— Part 1: Influence on organoleptic parameters and migration of organic substances (TOC) from factory made
cementitious products
— Part 2: Influence of site-applied cementitious materials and associated non-cementitious products/materials
on organoleptic parameters and migration of organic substances (TOC)
— Part 3: Migration of substances from factory made cementitious products
— Part 4: Migration of substances from site-applied cementitious materials and associated non-cementitious
products/materials
prEN 14944-3:2015 (E)
Introduction
With respect to any potential adverse effects of products and materials on the quality of water intended for human
consumption, it should be understood that relevant national regulations remain in force until verifiable European
acceptance criteria are adopted.
prEN 14944-3:2015 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies a method to determine the migration of substances from factory made
cementitious products into test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic
pipes, tanks, concrete pipes, etc., intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human
consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable
for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of
the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 196-1, Methods of testing cement - Part 1: Determination of strength
EN 1015-2, Methods of test for mortar for masonry - Part 2: Bulk sampling of mortars and preparation of test
mortars
EN 1015-11, Methods of test for mortar for masonary - Part 11: Determination of flexural and compressive strength
of hardened mortar
EN 10088-1, Stainless steels - Part 1: List of stainless steels
EN 12350-1, Testing fresh concrete - Part 1: Sampling
EN 12390-1, Testing hardened concrete - Part 1: Shape, dimensions and other requirements for specimens and
moulds
EN 12390-2, Testing hardened concrete - Part 2: Making and curing specimens for strength tests
EN ISO 3696, Water for analytical laboratory use - Specification and test methods (ISO 3696)
EN ISO 7393-1, Water quality - Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine - Part 1: Titrimetric method using
N, N-diethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (ISO 7393-1)
EN ISO 7393-2, Water quality - Determination of free chlorine and total chlorine - Part 2: Colorimetric method using
N, N-diethyl-1, 4-phenylenediamine, for routine control purposes (ISO 7393-2)
ISO 10523, Water quality - Determination of pH
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
cementitious product
factory made product containing a cementitious material supplied in the hardened state with a formed surface prior
to its incorporation into the construction works
3.2
cementitious material
material that contains a hydraulic cement in sufficient proportion to act as the main binder by forming a hydrate
structure which governs the performance of the material
prEN 14944-3:2015 (E)
3.3
associated non-cementitious product
product which is applied to the surface of a cementitious product, directly or indirectly, during manufacture (or
construction) and which either provides a porous seal to the product or which remains as a residue in contact with
water, e.g. porous seal coats, formwork release agents and curing compounds
3.4
porous seal coat
polymeric (usually organic) materials applied in a thin (25 μm – 200 μm thickness) surface layer to a cement mortar
lining in order to restrict (but not prevent) interactions between the mortar and conveyed water
Note 1 to entry: See ISO 16132 [1].
3.5
proxy sample
sample of fresh mortar or fresh concrete taken from material to be used for the production of a factory made
product, either spray-applied to a laboratory test plate (mortar only) or cast into a mould (mortar or concrete) of
appropriate dimensions (e.g. standard cube, cylinder or prism etc.) and compacted (where appropriate), cured and
hardened under conditions representative of those intended for the product
3.6
fresh concrete
concrete that is fully mixed and still in a condition capable of being compacted by the chosen method
3.7
fresh mortar
cement mortar that is fully mixed and still in a condition of being applied to a substrate by the chosen method
3.8
test
technical operation that consists of the determination of one or more characteristics of a given product
3.9
test procedure
specified technical method for performing a test
3.10
sample
one or more units, or a specified quantity, drawn from a batch or lot, selected at random for inspection, e.g. at the
factory or in a laboratory
3.11
test piece
sample or portion which is to be conditioned, treated or otherwise prepared to be tested to obtain a single test
result
3.12
nominal diameter
DN/ID
DN/OD
numerical designation of the size of a component, which is a whole number approximately equal to the actual
dimensions in millimetres
Note 1 to entry: This applies to either the internal diameter (DN/ID) or the external diameter (DN/OD).
3.13
preconditioning
succession of contact periods of a test piece with the preconditioning water (3.14) before contact with the test water
prEN 14944-3:2015 (E)
3.14
preconditioning water
water used for preconditioning prepared as described in 5.2.1
3.15
test water
water used for testing purposes prepared as described in 5.2.2 and used in accordance with 5.2.3 and 5.2.4
3.16
migration water
test water which has been in contact with a test piece under specified conditions
3.17
blank water
test water which has been kept at the same specified conditions as migration water but without contact with the test
piece
3.18
tap water
drinking water distributed by a public supplier.
Note 1 to entry: Tap water is used as a lubricant/coolant for the sawing and coring operations used to obtain test pieces
generally from products of large dimensions. See normative Annexes A, B and C.
3.19
demineralized water
water conforming to the requirements in EN ISO 3696 for grade 3
4 Principle
Each test piece is subjected to a specified preconditioning procedure where the surface which is exposed in
practice to water intended for human consumption is brought into contact with preconditioning water during five
sequential periods: three periods of 24 h, 1 period of 72 h and a final period of 24 h.
The preconditioned test piece is then brought into contact with test water, chlorinated and/or chlorine-free during
three sequential migration periods. A migration period is either:
a) 72 h at (23 ± 2) °C for products intended to come into contact with chlorinated or chlorine-free cold water;
b) 24 h at a specified elevated temperature for products intended to come into contact with warm or hot chlorine-
free water.
Migration rates are calculated after each contact period by determination of the content of specified substances in
the corresponding migration water.
NOTE 1 The test is carried out under conditions that ensure that reliable migration rates are calculated. These conditions are
not meant to simulate any service condition. Relating the results obtained from this European Standard to the service condition
is carried out using a conversion procedure. This procedure will be specified in regulations.
NOTE 2 The selection of:
c) the appropriate test water, chlorinated and/or chlorine-free, from those made available in this European Standard,
d) the temperature of the test water
is specified in product or system standards or in national or European regulations, as appropriate.
prEN 14944-3:2015 (E)
5 Reagents
Use only reagents of analytical quality unless otherwise stated.
5.1 Sodium hypochlorite solution
Prepared from a technical or general purpose reagent grade of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), using test water
(5.2.2) and having a known concentration of about 0,1 % by mass of free chlorine determined in accordance with
either EN ISO 7393-1 or EN ISO 7393-2.
Unless tests have proved otherwise the sodium hypochlorite solution should be considered unstable and be
prepared on the day of use.
5.2 Waters to be used for testing
5.2.1 Preconditioning water prepared by dissolving (222 ± 2) mg anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl ) and
(336 ± 2) mg sodium hydrogen-carbonate (NaHCO ) in one litre of demineralized water (3.19). The pH is
determined in accordance with ISO 10523 and adjusted to 7,4 ± 0,1 by bubbling air and/or CO into the solution.
-
NOTE The target total hardness is 200 mg/l as CaCO and the target alkalinity is 244 mg/l as HCO .
3 3
5.2.2 Test water, prepared by dissolving (110 ± 1) mg anhydrous calcium chloride (CaCl ), (140 ± 1) mg sodium
hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO ) and (48 ± 1) mg sodium silicate (Na SiO .9H O) in one litre of demineralized water.
3 2 3 2
The pH is determined in accordance with ISO 10523 and adjusted to 7,0 ± 0,1 by bubbling air and/or CO into the
solution.
-
NOTE The target total hardness is 100 mg/l as CaCO , the target alkalinity is 122 mg/l as HCO and the silica
3 3
concentration is 10 mg/l as SiO .
5.2.3 Test water without chlorine content (chlorine-free) shall consist of a batch of test water (5.2.2) used for
contact with test pieces and preparation of the blank water (3.17).
5.2.4 Test water with chlorine content (chlorinated) shall consist of test water (5.2.2) with a free chlorine
content of (1,0 ± 0,2) mg/l as Cl , determined in accordance with either EN ISO 7393-1 or EN ISO 7393-2, after
addition of sodium hypochlorite solution (5.1).
5.3 Cleaning liquids for apparatus
Use one of the following cleaning liquids:
— non-perfumed biodegradable detergent;
— hydrochloric acid, 2 mol/l;
— nitric acid, 10 % or 1,5 mol/l.
6 Apparatus
6.1 General
For cleaning the glassware, and appropriate apparatus, before use, the following general requirements apply:
a) Clean the glassware to be used, using detergent (5.3). Rinse the glassware in demineralized water.
b) Clean the inner surface of the glassware with hydrochloric acid (5.3) and rinse it with demineralized water. For
stainless steel, clean with nitric acid (5.3) and then rinse with demineralized water.
c) Before use, rinse the glassware, and appropriate apparatus, at least three times using preconditioning water
before preconditioning (8.3) or test water before the test procedure (Clause 9).
prEN 14944-3:2015 (E)
6.2 Apparatus and materials for test piece preparation (see normative Annexes A, B and C)
6.2.1 Stainless steel plates and cylinders
6.2.1.1 Stainless steel
Stainless steel shall be austenitic, super austenitic or duplex grades in accordance with the corresponding
numerical designations, 1.4301, 1.4436, 1.4429, 1.4259 or 1.4462 in EN 10088-1 for stainless steels.
NOTE The grades above are specified for the use of stainless steel as reinforcement in concrete. Therefore they are
considered to be inert when used in contact with cementitious proxy samples (see normative Annexes A, B and C of this
European Standard).
6.2.1.2 Plates
In order to provide a sufficient volume of migration water for assessment, the surface area of one face of a plate
2 2
should be between 10 000 mm and 90 000 mm . The length/width of the plates should be selected to be
consistent with the dimensions of the test container and the volume of test water in which they will be immersed.
6.2.1.3 Cylinders
The diameter and length of a cylinder should be consistent with the dimensions of the test piece (see normative
Annexes A, B or C and informative Annexes D and E) and the volume of test water appropriate to the specified S/V
ratio given in 7.3.
6.2.2 Glass cylinders
The diameter and length of a glass cylinder should be consistent with the dimensions of the test piece (see
normative Annexes A, B or C and informative Annexes D and E) and the volume of test water appropriate to the
specified S/V ratio given in 7.3. Glass cylinders should be provided with suitable external (opaque) shielding for use
during migration procedures (test pieces and blanks), in order to minimize exposure of migration waters to ambient
light.
6.2.3 Moulds for forming test pieces
Moulds for forming prisms of mortar shall conform to the requirements of EN 196-1, as specified for use in
EN 1015-11, or to EN 12390-1 for forming cubes/cylinders of concrete, with modifications to materials and
dimensional tolerances as specified by the appropriate normative Annex A, B or C of this European Standard.
Clean moulds and any filling frame used with a mould, by thoroughly washing with non-perfumed detergent (5.3)
and tap water (3.18), rinsing with copious amounts of tap water, followed by a final rinse with demineralized water
(3.19) and dry before use.
Where a factory made cementitious product has been formed in a process where its entire contact surface has
been in contact with a release agent then where proxy samples (3.5) are used, the same release agent shall be
applied to the internal surfaces of the mould, otherwise the use of release agents is not permitted by this European
Standard.
6.3 Apparatus and materials for preconditioning and migration procedure
6.3.1 Vessels, containers, stoppers and connectors shall consist of a material, such as glass, PTFE, steel and
stainless steel that is inert under the specified test conditions (Clause 9).
The material PTFE should only be used when there is a small contact area with the test water. Thus PTFE is
unsuitable for containers.
6.3.2 Equipment, capable of maintaining the test temperature within ± 2 °C for the duration of the test.
6.3.3 Where required, use only sealants that do not affect the determinations under the specified test conditions
(see Clause 9).
prEN 14944-3:2015 (E)
7 Samples and test pieces
7.1 Sampling, transport and storage of samples
Carry out sampling of factory made products in accordance with the relevant product standard, system standard or
the national or European regulations, or the relevant normative annex to this European Standard, as appropriate.
Take care that the transport conditions do not influence the test results.
If it is necessary to store samples or test pieces before testing, ensure that they are protected from contamination
taking into account any written instructions that are provided.
Where appropriate, clean storage containers using the same procedures as are used for the test containers.
Ensure that the surfaces of the test pieces intended to come into contact with the test water are free from any
contamination, e.g. adhesive tape, labels, ink or pencil marks.
7.2 Preparation of test pieces
7.2.1 General
Prepare the test pieces in such a way that only the surface intended to come into contact with drinking water is
exposed to the test water except as given in normative Annex C (see C.1.2.3.2.1) where stainless steel plates are
coated with cement mortar on one face only prior to complete immersion during testing.
In the preparation of a test piece the following general principles apply:
a) ensure that test pieces are representative of the finished product;
b) during the preparation of test pieces, include any procedures which are performed in practice for curing and
cleaning;
c) ensure that the minimum age of the test piece, at test, conforms to that recommended by the manufacturer for
the product to be ready for use;
d) ensure that the surface area of the test piece is sufficient to fulfil the appropriate surface area to volume (S/V)
ratio in accordance with the requirements of 7.3.
7.2.2 Factory made pipes, fittings and storage systems
Where possible, use the product or test piece as the test vessel, with dimensions that provide sufficient migration
water for assessment. In cases where this is not practicable (e.g. large pipes, storage systems etc.), and where
alternatives are specified, use as appropriate, an alternative test piece described in the relevant normative
Annex A, B or C to this European Standard and an appropriate test arrangement given in informative Annex E.
NOTE Where it is required to discriminate between porous and non-porous coatings already applied to factory made
products, use the test procedure given in informative Annex G of this European Standard.
7.3 Surface area-to-volume ratio (S/V) for use in the test procedure
7.3.1 General
The following general principles apply for S/V ratios:
a) the surface area to volume ratio (S/V) of the test piece exposed to the test water shall not be smaller than the
S/V ratio of the product in the service condition;
b) where no difference in material composition and production process exists in the range of sizes produced, only
the largest S/V ratio is required to be tested;
prEN 14944-3:2015 (E)
c) the ratio of the surface area, S, of the test piece intended to come into contact with volume, V, of the test water
-1
is expressed per decimetre, i.e. dm .
-1 2 3 2
NOTE The unit, dm , can also be expressed as dm /dm or dm /l.
7.3.2 Pipes and fittings
-1
The S/V ratio is calculated, in dm , according to the formula:
(1)
S/V=
[DN/ID]
where
[DN/ID] (3.12) is the nominal internal diameter, in mm.
Test pipes and fittings of DN/ID less than 80, at the actual S/V ratio of the pipe diameter.
-1
Test pipes and fittings of DN/ID equal to 80 and less than 300, at an S/V ratio of (5,0 ± 0,2) dm .
-1
Test pipes and fittings of DN/ID 300 or greater, at an S/V ratio of (1,3 ± 0,1) dm .
NOTE But see 7.3.1 (b) for the acceptable minimum requirement for testing pipes that are produced in a range of sizes.
7.3.3 Storage systems (cement mortar, cement mortar lined or concrete)
-1
Test storage systems at an S/V ratio of (1,3 ± 0,1) dm .
8 Pre-treatment of samples (curing and preconditioning)
8.1 General
The procedures for curing cementitious products are given in 8.2.
The procedure for preconditioning at (23 ± 2) °C is given in 8.3.
8.2 Curing
Ensure that test pieces have been subject either to the curing conditions used in manufacture of the factory made
product or, in the case of test pieces formed from proxy samples (3.5), to curing conditions that are representative
of those used in the manufacture of the factory made product (see the relevant normative Annex A, B or C to this
European Standard).
8.3 Preconditioning
Precondition test pieces at the appropriate S/V ratio given in 7.3.
Fill test pieces with, or immerse them in, or otherwise bring them into contact with (see the test arrangements in
informative Annex E), preconditioning water (5.2.1) for a succession of five contact periods, without rinsing
between contact periods, at a temperature of (23 ± 2) °C as follows:
— three periods of (24 ± 1) h;
— one period of (72 ± 1) h;
— one period of (24 ± 1) h.
After the fifth contact period determine the pH of the preconditioning water in accordance with ISO 10523. If the pH
exceeds 9,5 stop the testing.
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Where the pH exceeds 9,5 preconditioning may be repeated using new test pieces.
The results of co-normative research [2] obtained using this preconditioning water indicate that where the pH
exceeds 9,5 after the fifth contact period, then steps should be taken to first investigate and then eliminate the
cause(s) before proceeding to the test procedure (see Clause 9).
9 Test procedure
9.1 General
Where testing of products intended to come into contact with chlorinated or chlorine-free cold water is required,
carry out the following procedures at 9.2.
Where testing at elevated temperature is required carry out the procedure in accordance with normative Annex F.
9.2 Preparation of migration water for analysis of substances
NOTE The number of tests to be carried out e.g. single tests or duplicates for each water type is specified in product or
system standards or in national or European regulations, as appropriate.
9.2.1 Migration procedure
Begin the first contact period immediately after preconditioning the test piece.
Immerse in, or fill with, or otherwise bring the test piece (7.2) into appropriate contact with test water (5.2.3 and/or
5.2.4) and allow to stand for (72 ± 1) h at (23 ± 2) °C. In all cases (immersion, filling or other contact arrangement),
ensure that the test piece or vessel/container is completely immersed or filled and minimize headspace in order to
minimize contact between the test water and air, using a cover for the vessel/container.
At the end of this period, collect the migration water using appropriate sampling bottles for analysis.
NOTE The choice of the type of test water (chlorinated and/or chlorine-free) is specified by the product standard or system
standards or in national or European regulations, as appropriate.
9.2.2 Second and third migration periods
Repeat 9.2.1 two more times using fresh test water each time, ensuring that the test pieces are put into contact
with the same type of test water (e.g. chlorine-free) for the three successive periods.
9.2.3 Additional migration periods
Referring standards and/or national or European regulations may specify further sequential migration periods.
Refer to Annex H for further guidance on the sequence and number of migration periods that can be specified.
9.3 Control samples (blank test)
For each contact period, carry out a blank test procedure using the same test conditions (test water, test
temperature, contact periods, sealants used etc.) as described in 9.2 but omitting the test piece or replacing it by a
glass container or plate, as appropriate.
10 Analysis
Carry out the required analysis on the migration waters using the analytical methods specified in referring
documents. Determine at the end of each extraction period the concentration of the substance being measured.
General guidance on analytical performance requirements such as detection limit and accuracy is contained in
Guide to analytical Quality Control for water analysis, ISO/TS 13530 [3].
NOTE 1 If migration waters are not analysed immediately then ensure that the storage time and conditions do not adversely
affect the analytical result.
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NOTE 2 For some analytical methods and/or specific test procedures, recovery rates for the substances being determined
need to be established using positive controls. Annex I gives further guidance.
11 Calculation of test results
11.1 Calculation of the concentration of the substances in the migration water
Calculate for each migration water the concentration of the measured substance as follows:
T T T
(2)
c = a − b
n n n
where
T
c is the concentration of the measured substance in mg/l;
n
T
a is the concentration of the substance in mg/l measured in the migration water;
n
T
b is the concentration of the substance in mg/l measured in the blank water.
n
For the conditions
T is the test temperature;
n is the sequence number of the migration period.
NOTE The migration of substances into water depends on the type of material and the migration conditions: temperature,
contact time, S/V ratio and whether the water is static or flowing. For static test conditions and constant temperature, the
increase in the concentration of the substance in the test water is asymptotic. However, for practical purposes the increase with
time is assumed to be linear.
11.2 Calculation of the migration rate of the measured substances
T T
Calculate for each migration water the migration rate M for a migrated substance from the concentration c as
n n
follows:
T
c
T n
M =  (3)
n
(S/V .t)
where
T -2 -1
M is the migration rate for the n’th migration period in mg.dm .day ;
n
t is the duration of the migration period in days i.e. three days (72 ± 1) h for (23 ± 2) °C;
-1
S/V is the surface area-to-volume ratio in dm .
11.3 Calculation of the mean migration rate
T
T
Calculate the arithmetic mean migration rate M for replicate values of M for each test water (5.2.3 and 5.2.4).
n
n
12 Test report
12.1 General
The test report shall include the following information.
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12.2 General information
a) Date of issue;
b) name and address of testing laboratory and location where the test was carried out when different from the
address of the testing laboratory;
c) unique identification of report (such as serial number) and of each page, and total number of pages;
d) name and address of client;
e) description and identification of the sample/test piece;
f) a signature and title or equivalent marking of person(s) accepting technical responsibility for the test report and
date of issue;
g) a statement to the effect that the test results relate only to the test piece(s) tested;
h) a statement that the report shall not be reproduced except in full without the written approval of the testing
laboratory.
12.3 Information on the product
a) Trade name or designation of the factory made/manufactured product;
b) complete identification and date of receipt of sample/test piece;
c) details of the test piece preparation;
d) the name of the manufacturer for the product, the place of manufacture and date and, where relevant, the
body submitting the sample and, where relevant, the body responsible for preparing the samples/test pieces;
e) description of sampling procedure, where relevant.
12.4 Information on the test procedure
a) Reference to this European Standard and to the referring product or system standard or national or European
regulation as appropriate;
b) dates of start and completion of the test;
c) number of test pieces used together in the migration procedure;
d) volume of the test water (V) in litres;
e) surface area of test piece exposed to the test water, S, in square decimetres calculated from the actual
dimensions of the test pieces;
f) actual S/V ratio used in the procedure;
g) test waters and test temperature;
h) any deviation from the test procedure specified in this standard;
i) any factors which may have affected the results, such as any incidents or any operating details not specified in
this European Standard.
12.5 Test results
a) The number of tests carried out;
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b) the test results and calculated values reported in tabular form (see example below);
c) the European Standard for the analytical method used to produce the test results;
d) the general performance of the analytical method in the European Standard, e.g. limit of detection, precision
estimates, statement of uncertainty, etc.
Sequence number of migration period (n)

a
1 2 3 X
T
a
n
b
T
b
n
T
c
n
b
T
M
n
b
T
M
n
a
Additional migration periods where specified.
b
Duplicates where specified.
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Annex A
(normative)
Additional procedures for testing factory made pipes
(cement mortar lined and concrete)
A.1 Sampling, test piece preparation and storage
A.1.1 Sampling
See also 7.1 and 7.2.
Sample factory made cement mortar lined pipes and concrete pipes at the point of release of the factory as finished
products, for preparation as test pieces.
Where specified, pipes may be sampled indirectly as proxy samples (3.5) of the fresh mortar or concrete used in
their manufacture, for preparation as test pieces.
A.1.2 Test piece preparation and storage
A.1.2.1 General
Test pieces prepared from factory made cement mortar lined pipes or concrete pipes shall:
a) be either one of the following:
1) complete pipes;
2) cylindrical sections of pipe sawn from complete pipes using tap-water-cooled/lubricated (3.18) sawing
procedures;
3) blocks or cores sawn or cored from complete pipes using tap-water-cooled/lubricated (3.18) sawing or
coring procedures;
4) proxy test pieces, where specified, prepared by the manufacturer from samples of fresh mortar or
concrete (3.5) used in the manufacture of pipes, in accordance with either A.1.2.3 for mortar or A.1.2.4 for
concrete, in order to provide hardened surfaces representative of the contact surface of the finished
product;
b) be of sufficient surface area to fulfil the appropriate surface area to volume (S/V) ratio for the migration
procedure, in accordance with the requirements of 7.3;
c) be of suitable general dimensions (see Annex D), e.g. length, surface area, diameter etc. to provide sufficient
migration water for assessment;
d) have their surface area to volume (S/V) ratios (as required in the migration procedure ; see 7.3), calculated
using their nominal internal diameters (DN/ID) where cylindrical in section;
e) be suitably documented and identified and be free from any surface contamination e.g. adhesive tape, labels,
ink or pencil marks;
f) be protected from contamination and mechanical damage in the factory using unused food grade packaging
materials when it is necessary to store them prior to despatch to the test laboratory;
g) be subject to comparable conditions for storage in the test laboratory as for storage in the factory;
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h) be taken at the point of release, or in the case of proxy samples (3.5), be of a minimum age recommended by
the manufacturer for the product to be ready for use, before any testing shall begin.
A.1.2.2 Pipes sampled as finished products
See A.1.2.1 a) for test piece preparation.
Figures E.1 and E.2 in Annex E give examples of suitable test arrangements for use in the migration procedure.
-1 -1
Examples of dimensions for S/V ratios of 1,3 dm and 5,0 dm are given in Annex D, Table D.1.
A.1.2.3 Pipes sampled as fresh mortar
A.1.2.3.1 General
Test pieces shall be prepared from proxy samples of the fresh mortar (3.7) used to line factory made pipes and be
either spray-applied to stainless steel plates in accordance with A.1.2.3.2.1 or be cast as prisms in accordance with
A.1.2.3.2.2.
Hardened test pieces shall be monolithic, undamaged and representative in structure, composition and
homogeneity of the fresh mortar from which they were prepared.
Test arrangements, for using the test pieces in the migration procedure, shall be as given in A.1.2.3.2.3.
A.1.2.3.2 Test pieces (fresh mortar)
A.1.2.3.2.1 Coated plates
Where test plates are specified, they shall be made by coating one face of a stainless steel plate (6.2.1.1) with the
fresh mortar used in the manufacture of the pipe using the same process of application used in the factory. In
addition:
a) the coated plate shall not be marked for identification purposes but shall be identified in an alternative
traceable manner, e.g. by mechanical marking on the rear of the test plate;
b) the coated plate shall be placed in the vicinity of the pipe that it represents and shall undergo the same curing
regime as that applied to the pipe;
c) after curing, the undamaged coated plate shall be stored under the same environmental conditions that apply
to the finished pipe during storage at the factory until it reaches the minimum age recommended by the
manufacturer for use of the pipe;
d) following the curing/storage period, the coated plate shall be placed in an unused food grade plastics bag and
sealed. A damaged plate shall be discarded.
A.1.2.3.2.2 Prisms
a) Where test prisms are specified, they shall be prepared from the fresh mortar used in the manufacture of the
pipe, sampled in accordance with EN 1015-2, and formed as prisms of dimensions 160 mm x 40 mm x 40 mm,
in accordance with EN 196-1, as specified in EN 1015-11, with the following modifications:
1) the tolerances given in EN 1015-11 for shape and dimensions are for guidance only;
2) the joints of moulds shall not be coated with any wax, oil or grease to achieve water tightness;
3) where the factory made cementitious product has been formed in a process where its entire contact
surface has been in contact with a release agent, the same release agent shall be applied to the internal
surfaces of the mould, otherwise the use of release agents is not permitted by this European Standard.
NOTE Where release agents are not permitted, moulds of steel or cast iron may not be suitable for forming test pieces for
use in the migration procedure.
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b) Prisms shall be made and cured in accordance with EN 1015-11 with the following modifications:
1) irrespective of the type of material from which a mould is made, the mould, together with any filling frame,
shall be thoroughly washed with non-perfumed detergent (5.3) and water, rinsed with copious amounts of
tap water, given a final rinse with demineralized water (3.19) and then dried before use;
2) the prism shall not be marked for identification purposes but shall be identified in an alternative traceable
manner;
3) a mould shall be covered and be placed in the vicinity of the pipe that it represents and the prism shall
undergo the same curing regime as that applied to the pipe. Covers to moulds shall be made of an
impermeable material that does not react with cement;
4) on removal from the mould after curing, the undamaged prism shall be stored under the same
environmental conditions that apply to the finished pipe during storage at the factory until it reaches the
minimum age recommended by the manufacturer for use of the pipe;
5) following the curing/storage period, the prism shall be placed in an unused food grade plastics bag and
sealed. A damaged prism shall be discarded.
A.1.2.3.2.3 Test arrangements (fresh mortar)
The test arrangements for test pieces prepared from the fresh mortar used to line pipes should be either:
a) as given in Figure E.6 in Annex E, for test plates, or
b) as given in Figure E.7 in Annex E, for test prisms.
In Figure E.7, the test vessel and mesh support shall be made of inert material that does not affect the analytical
results. The test vessel shall be provided with a cover in order to minimize contact with the air. The mesh support
shall allow direct contact with test water on all sides of a test piece but shall not significantly affect the surfac
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