prEN 15011
(Main)Cranes - Bridge and gantry cranes
Cranes - Bridge and gantry cranes
This European standard specifies the safety requirements for the bridge and gantry cranes. This standard is not applicable to runways and other supporting structures.
The standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to bridge and gantry cranes, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see clause 4).
The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, underground work, ionizing radiation, and operation in electromagnetic fields beyond the range of EN 50082-2 are not covered by this standard. Also the additional loads due to mounting on a floating or tilting basement are not covered by this standard.
This standard includes requirements for the lifting of persons.
NOTE The use of cranes for lifting of persons may be subject to specific national regulations.
This European Standard is applicable to bridge and gantry cranes which are manufactured after the date of approval by CEN of this standard.
Krane - Brücken- und Portalkrane
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Ponts roulants et portiques
Dvigala (žerjavi) - Mostni in portalni žerjavi
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI OSIST prEN 15011:2004
PREDSTANDARD
november 2004
Cranes - Bridge and gantry cranes
ICS 53.020.20 Referenčna številka
OSIST prEN 15011:2004(en)
© Standard je založil in izdal Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje ali kopiranje celote ali delov tega dokumenta ni dovoljeno
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 15011
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
September 2004
ICS
English version
Cranes - Bridge and gantry cranes
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Portiques et Kräne - Brücken und Portalkräne
ponts roulants
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 147.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15011:2004: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 15011:2004 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword. 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope. 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Definitions. 9
4 List of hazards. 9
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures . 16
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures . 37
7 Information for use . 41
Annex A (informative) Guidance for classification, forces and stresses to be used in
proof of competence calculation. 46
A.1 Classification of load handling and positioning parameters . 46
A.2 Guidance for classification of average linear displacements . 50
A.3 Calculation of dynamic coefficient φφ . 51
φφ
2
A.4 Calculation example for coefficient φφφφ . 54
2
A.5 Calculation of skewing forces for bridge cranes. 56
A.5.1 Calculation parameters and formulae. 56
A.5.2 Example for calculating the forces resulting from skewing in the case of bridge
cranes. 61
A.5.3 Estimating the forces resulting from skewing for bridge cranes with 4 crane travel
wheels and flange guiding . 62
A.5.4 Estimating the forces resulting from skewing for bridge cranes with 4 crane travel
wheels and guide rollers . 63
A.6 Calculation of skewing forces for gantry cranes. 65
A.6.1 Crane models . 65
A.6.2 Principles for calculation . 67
A.6.3 Calculation models (Type B and D). 71
A.6.4 Calculation example 1 to determine the forces resulting from skewing on gantry
cranes (model type B). 73
A.6.5 Calculation example 2 to determine the forces resulting from skewing on gantry
cranes (model type D). 76
A.7 Distribution of wheel load under rail. 77
A.7.1 Local stress under rail. 77
A.7.2 Stress condition in a solid web under rail. 80
A.8 Local stresses in wheel supporting flanges . 80
A.8.1 General. 80
A.8.2 Local stresses in wheel supporting flanges (Main girder as I – beam). 81
A.8.3 Local stresses of a box girder with the wheel loads on the bottom flange. 83
A.9 Example on calculation of classification parameters for weld and wheel load . 86
A.9.1 General. 86
A.9.2 Crane operating conditions . 86
A.9.3 Method of operation and tasks. 86
A.9.4 Frequency of stress cycles. 87
A.9.5 Classification of the stress histories . 89
A.9.6 History parameter s of stresses and class S : . 89
A.10 Example on classification of a bridge crane. 90
A.10.1 General. 90
2
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prEN 15011:2004 (E)
A.10.2 Crane specification. 90
A.10.3 Crane duty . 91
A.10.4 Results of the preliminary strength analysis of the girder. 92
A.10.5 Classification. 92
A.11 Guidance on recommended maximum deflection of girders. 102
A.12 Guidance on recommended minimum frequencies of girders. 103
A.13 Accelerations and dynamic factors φφφφ (informative) . 104
5
Annex B (informative) Guide for selection of rail wheels . 106
B.1 Rail wheel size. 106
B.1.1 General. 106
B.1.2 Determining the mean load. 107
B.1.3 Determining the useful rail width b. 107
B.1.4 Determining the limiting pressure P . 108
L
B.1.5 Determining the coefficient c . 108
1
B.1.6 Determining the coefficient c . 109
2
B.2 Determination of the class of mechanism of the travel wheel . 110
Annex C (informative) Risk assessment for the evaluation of the requirements for the
anti-collision system. 111
C.1 Principles of risk assessment . 111
C.1.1 General. 111
C.1.2 Probability of a collision. 111
C.1.3 Effects of a collision . 111
C.2 Probability of a collision. 111
C.2.1 Probability Factors. 111
C.2.2 Speed Factor . 112
C.2.3 Visibility Factor . 112
C.2.4 Environmental factor . 113
C.2.5 Number of cranes Factor. 113
C.3 Effects of a collision . 114
C.3.1 General. 114
C.3.2 Effects on crane factor . 114
C.3.3 Load form factor, E . 114
l
C.3.4 Injury potential factor . 116
C.3.5 Injury type factor . 116
C.4 Action required. 117
Annex D (informative) Scoring system for risk assessment on load-person interference. 118
Annex E (normative) Noise test code . 119
E.1 Scope. 119
E.2 References. 120
E.3 Definitions. 120
E.4 Description of machinery family . 120
E.5 Calculation method. 120
E.5.1 Principle of the method . 120
E.5.2 Calculation. 120
E.6 Sound pressure level determination at control stations by measurement. 122
E.6.1 Measurement points . 122
E.6.2 Installation and mounting conditions. 122
E.6.3 Operating conditions. 123
E.7 Uncertainties . 124
E.8 Information to be recorded . 124
E.9 Information to be reported . 124
E.10 Declaration and verification of noise emission values. 124
Annex F (normative) Particular requirements valid for the cranes during lifting of persons. 125
Annex G (Informative) Actions on crane supporting structures induced by cranes. 126
G.1 Actions induced by cranes . 126
G.2 Dynamic factors . 127
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prEN 15011:2004 (E)
Annex H (informative) Information labels. 128
Annex I (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application . 130
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this European Standard with EU Directives. 132
Bibliography . 133
4
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prEN 15011:2004 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 15011:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes
- Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and
the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
5
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prEN 15011:2004 (E)
Introduction
This document is a harmonized European Standard to provide one means for bridge and gantry
cranes to conform with the Essential Health and Safety Requirements of the Machinery Directive
98/37/EEC .
This European Standard is a type C standard as stated in EN 1070.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and events are
covered are indicated in the scope of this document.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in a B standard, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for
machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
Absolute safety of the crane cannot be ensured by design, as operation depends on the skills of the
operators, maintenance personnel and inspectors as well as on numerous technical parameters in the
crane or its environment which may have large scatter. Therefore selections provided by this standard
reflect only the state of the art at the time of writing.
As many hazards related to bridge and gantry cranes depend on the place and use of the crane, it is
assumed that the correct information has been exchanged between the manufacturer and user (as
suggested in the ISO 9374-1 and 5), e.g:
Clearances
Requirements concerning protection against hazardous environment
Processed materials, such as potentially flammable or explosive material (e.g. coal, powder type
materials).
6
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prEN 15011:2004 (E)
1 Scope
This European standard specifies the safety requirements for the bridge and gantry cranes. This
standard is not applicable to runways and other supporting structures.
The standard deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to bridge
and gantry cranes, when used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see
clause 4).
The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, underground work, ionizing radiation,
and operation in electromagnetic fields beyond the range of EN 50082-2 are not covered by this
standard. Also the additional loads due to mounting on a floating or tilting basement are not covered
by this standard.
This standard includes requirements for the lifting of persons.
NOTE The use of cranes for lifting of persons may be subject to specific national regulations.
This European Standard is applicable to bridge and gantry cranes which are manufactured after the
date of approval by CEN of this standard.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 292-1: 1991, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology
EN 292-2: 1991/A1: 1995, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design —
Part 2: Technical principles and specifications
EN 294: 1992, Safety of machinery - Safety distance to prevent danger zones being reachedby the
upper limbs
EN 547-1, Safety of machinery — Human body measurements — Part 1: Principles for determining
the dimensions required for openings for whole body access into machinery
EN 547-2, Safety of machinery — Human body measurements — Part 2: Principles for determining
the dimensions required for access openings
EN 614-1, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 1: Terminology and general
principles
EN 894-1, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control
actuators — Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators
EN 894-2, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control
actuators — Part 2: Displays
prEN 894-3, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control
actuators — Part 3: Control actuators
7
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prEN 15011:2004 (E)
EN 953, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of
fixed and movable guards
EN 954-1, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles
for design
prEN 1005-3, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 3: Recommended force
limits for machinery operation
EN 1070, Safety of machinery — Terminology
EN 10002-1:1990, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test (at ambient
temperature)
EN 12077-2: 1998, Cranes safety — Requirements for health and safety — Part 2: Limiting and
indicating devices
EN 12644-1: 2001, Cranes — Information for use and testing — Part 1: Instructions
EN 12644-2: 2000, Cranes — Information for use and testing — Part 2: Marking
prEN 13001-1, Cranes — General Design — Part 1: General principles and requirements
prEN 13001-2, Cranes — General Design — Part 2: Load actions
prCEN/TS 13001-3.1, Cranes — General Design — Part 3.1: Limit States and Proof of Competence
of Steel Structures
prEN 13135-1, Cranes — Equipment — Part 1: Electrotechnical equipment
prEN 13135-2, Cranes — Equipment — Part 2: Non-electrotechnical equipment
EN 13202, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Temperatures of touchable hot surfaces —
Guidance for establishing surface temperature limit values in production standards with the aid of
EN 563
prEN 13557, Cranes — Controls and control stations
,
prEN 13586 Cranes — Access
prEN 14492-2 Cranes — Power driven winches and hoists — Part 2: Power driven hoists
EN 60073, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification —
Coding principles for indication devices and actuators
EN 60204-32, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines
EN 60825-1, Safety of laser products — Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and user's
guide
EN 61310-2, Safety of machinery — Indicating, marking and actuation —- Part 2: Requirements for
marking
ISO 3864, Safety colours and safety signs
ISO 7752-5, Lifting appliances — Controls — Layout and characteristics — Part 5: Overhead
travelling cranes and portal bridge cranes
8
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prEN 15011:2004 (E)
ISO 8566-5, Lifting appliances — Cabin — Part 5: Overhead travelling cranes and portal bridge
cranes
ISO 10245-5, Cranes — Limiting and indicating devices — Part 5: Overhead travelling and portal
bridge cranes
ISO/FDIS 11660-5, Cranes — Access, guards and restraints — Part 5: Bridge and Gantry Cranes
ISO/CD 12488-1, Cranes — Tolerances of cranes and tracks — Travel and Traverse —
Part 1: General
ISO 1680: 1999, Acoustics — Test code for the measurement of airborne noise emitted by rotating
electrical machines
EN ISO 3744: 1995, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound
pressure — Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
EN ISO 11202: 1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of
emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Survey method in
situ
EN ISO 11203: 1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of
emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions from the sound
power level
EN ISO 11204: 1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of
emission sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Method requiring
environmental
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions of EN 1070, ISO 1680, EN ISO 3744, EN
ISO 11202, EN ISO 11203, and EN ISO 11204 apply together with the following.
3.1
bridge crane
a crane having at least one primarily horizontal girder moving along tracks on which is mounted at
least one hand, or power driven, hoist
3.2
gantry crane
a crane having at least one essentially horizontal girder supported by at least one leg moving along
tracks and equipped with at least one hand, or power driven, hoist
3.3
limit of the crane
the contact point between the crane and fixed environment
4 List of hazards
Table 1 contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt
with in this standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which
require action to eliminate or reduce the risk.
9
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prEN 15011:2004 (E)
Table 1 — List of significant hazards and associated requirements
No. Hazard (as listed in EN 1050:1997) EN EN 292-2 Other EN- Relevant
292-1 standars clause(s) in this
and ISO- standard
standards
1 Mechanical hazards 4.2
1.1 Generated by machine parts or 4.2 3.1, 3.2, 4
workpieces, e.g. by:
1.1.1 Shape
1.1.2 relative location 5.4.2
1.1.3 mass and stability EN 13001 5.2
1.1.4 mass and velocity EN 13135-2 5.3.3, 5.4.2.5
1.1.5 inadequacy of mechanical. .strength EN 13001 5.2
1.2 Accumulation of energy inside the 4.2 3.8, 6.2.2
machinery, e.g. by:
1.2.1 elastic elements (springs)
1.2.2 fluids under pressure EN 13135-2 5.3.1
5.7
1.2.3 the effect of vacuum
1.3 Elementary forms of mechanical 4.2.1
hazards
1.3.1 Crushing 4.2.1, 3.2 EN 294, EN 5.1, 5.4.2,
4.2.2 349 7.1.1.1
1.3.2 Shearing 4.2.1, 3.2, 4.1.1 EN 13586 5.4.2.4, 5.4.2.6
4.2.2
1.3.3 Cutting or severing 4.2.1, 3.2 ISO 8566-1
4.2.2 6.3,
EN 13557
1.3.4 Entanglement hazard 4.2.1,
4.2.2
1.3.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard 4.2.1 3.11, 4.1.1, EN 953 5.4.2.7 to 5.4.2.9
- moving transmission parts 6.1.2 EN 294
1.3.6 Impact 4.2.1 5.3.3.5, 5.4.1.5
7.2.1.1.4
1.3.7 Stabbing or puncture hazard 4.2.1
1.3.8 Friction or abrasion hazard 4.2.1 3.3.b
1.3.9 High pressure fluid injection or 4.2.1 3.3.a EN13135-2 7.2.2.2
ejection hazard
2 Electrical hazards due to: EN13135-1 5.1
2.1 Contact of persons with live parts 4.3 EN 60204-32
(direct contact)
2.2 Contact of persons with parts which 4.3 EN 60204-32
have become live under faulty
conditions (indirect contact)
2.3 Approach to live parts under high EN 60204-32
voltage
2.4 Electrostatic phenomena 4.3 EN 60204-32
2.5 Thermal radiation or other 4.3 EN 60204-32
phenomena such as the projection of
molten particles and chemical effects
from short-circuits, overloads, etc.
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prEN 15011:2004 (E)
Table 1 — List of significant hazards and associated requirements (Continued)
No. Hazard (as listed in EN 1050:1997) EN EN 292-2 Other EN- Relevant
292-1 standars clause(s) in this
and ISO- standard
standards
3 Thermal hazards, resulting in:
3.1 burns and scalds, by possible 4.4 3.6.3 EN 563, 5.3.5.1, 7.2.3.3.
contact of persons with objects or EN 13135-2
materials with an extreme
temperature, by flames, by radiation,
etc.
3.2 Hot or cold working environment. 4.4 EN 13557
4 Hazards generated by noise, 4.5 3.2, 3.6.3, 4
resulting in:
4.1 Hearing losses 5.4.4
4.2 Interference with speech 5.4.4, 7.2.1.2.2
communication, signals,.
5 Hazards generated by vibration 4.6 3.2, 3.6.3
5.1 Use of hand-held machines. -
5.2 Whole body vibration, particularly 5.2.2.6
when combined with poor postures
6 Radiation
6.0 External radiation See introduction
6.1 Low frequency , radio frequency 4.7 5.3.5.2.1
ra
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 15011:2007
01-april-2007
Žerjavi – Mostni in portalni žerjavi
Cranes - Bridge and gantry cranes
Krane - Brücken- und Portalkrane
Appareils de levage a charge suspendue - Ponts roulants et portiques
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15011
ICS:
53.020.20 Dvigala Cranes
oSIST prEN 15011:2007 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
DRAFT
prEN 15011
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2007
ICS 53.020.20
English Version
Cranes - Bridge and gantry cranes
Appareils de levage à charge suspendue - Ponts roulants Krane - Brücken- und Portalkrane
et portiques
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for second enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 147.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which
stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language
made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to
provide supporting documentation.
: This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and
Warning
shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2007 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15011:2007: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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prEN 15011:2007 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 List of significant hazards .8
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures.13
5.1 General.13
5.2 Requirements for strength and stability .13
5.3 Electrotechnical equipment.26
5.4 Non-electrotechnical equipment.29
5.5 Limiting and indicating devices .34
5.6 Controls and control stations.38
5.7 Equipment for information and warning .41
6 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective measures .42
6.1 General.42
6.2 Types of verification.42
6.3 Fitness for purpose testing .45
7 Information for use .46
7.1 General.46
7.2 Operator’s manual .46
7.3 User’s manual .47
7.4 Marking of rated capacities .49
Annex A (Informative) Guidance for specifying the operating duty according to EN 13001-1.50
Annex B (Informative) Guidance for specifying the classes P of average number of accelerations
according to EN 13001-1 .55
Annex C (Informative) Calculation of dynamic coefficient φφ .56
φφ
2
Annex D (Informative) Loads caused by skewing.59
Annex E (Informative) Local stresses in wheel supporting flanges.66
Annex F (normative) Noise test code .71
Annex G (Informative) Actions on crane supporting structures induced by cranes .78
Annex H (informative) Selection of a suitable set of crane standards for a given application .80
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC .82
Bibliography .83
2
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prEN 15011:2007 (E)
Foreword
This document (prEN 15011:2007) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 147 “Cranes -
Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
3
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prEN 15011:2007 (E)
Introduction
This European standard has been prepared to be a harmonised standard to provide one means for bridge and
gantry cranes to conform with the essential health and safety requirements of the Machinery Directive, as
mentioned in Annex ZA.
Absolute safety of cranes cannot be ensured by design alone, as their operation depends on the skill of
operators, maintenance personnel and inspectors as well as on the numerous technical parameters relating to
the crane and its operating environment, which may have large scatter.
As many of the hazards related to bridge and gantry cranes relate to their operating environment and use, it is
assumed in the preparation of this standard that all the relevant information relating to the use and operating
environment of the crane has been exchanged between the manufacturer and user (as recommended in ISO
9374, Parts 1 and 5), covering such issues as, for example:
clearances;
requirements concerning protection against hazardous environments;
processed materials, such as potentially flammable or explosive material (e.g. coal, powder type
materials).
This standard is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100-1
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous events are
scope of this standard.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B standards, the
provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other standards, for machines
that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C standard.
4
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prEN 15011:2007 (E)
1 Scope
This standard applies to bridge and gantry cranes mounted in a fixed position or free to travel either by way of
metallic wheels on rails or non-metallic wheels on flat runway or roadway surfaces. This standard is not
applicable to non-fixed load lifting attachments, erection and dismantling operations, runways and supporting
structures nor does it cover additional loads due to the mounting of cranes on a floating or tilting base.
This standard does not include requirements for the lifting of persons.
This standard gives requirements for all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to
bridge and gantry cranes when used as intended and under conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see
clause 4).
The specific hazards due to potentially explosive atmospheres, ionising radiation and operation in
electromagnetic fields beyond the range of EN 61000-6-2 are not covered by this standard.
This standard is not applicable to bridge and gantry cranes manufactured before the date of it’s publication as
an EN.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 12100-1: 2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part 1: Basic
terminology, methodology
EN ISO 12100-2: 2003, Safety of machinery — Basic concepts, general principles for design — Part
2:Technical principles
prEN 81-43, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Special lifts for the transport of persons
and goods - Part 43: Special purpose lifts for cranes
EN 294: 1992, Safety of machinery - Safety distance to prevent danger zones being reachedby the upper
limbs
EN 614-1, Safety of machinery — Ergonomic design principles — Part 1: Terminology and general principles
EN 894-1, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators
— Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators
EN 894-2, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators
— Part 2: Displays
prEN 894-3, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators
— Part 3: Control actuators
EN 953, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and
movable guards
EN 954-1, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for
design
prEN 1005-3, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 3: Recommended force limits for
machinery operation
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prEN 15011:2007 (E)
prEN 1993-6, Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - Part 6: Crane supporting structures
EN 10002-1:1990, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test (at ambient temperature)
EN 12077-2: 1998, Cranes safety — Requirements for health and safety — Part 2: Limiting and indicating
devices
EN 12644-1: 2001, Cranes — Information for use and testing — Part 1: Instructions
EN 12644-2: 2000, Cranes — Information for use and testing — Part 2: Marking
EN 13001-1: 2004, Crane safety — General design — Part 1: General principles and requirements
EN 13001-2: 2004, Crane safety — General design — Part 2: Load effects
CEN/TS 13001-3.1, Cranes — General Design — Part 3.1: Limit states and proof of competence of steel
structures
EN 13135-1: 2003, Cranes — Safety — Design — Requirements for equipment — Part 1: Electrotechnical
equipment
EN 13135-2: 2004, Cranes — Equipment — Part 2: Non-electrotechnical equipment
EN 13202, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Temperatures of touchable hot surfaces — Guidance
for establishing surface temperature limit values in production standards with the aid of EN 563
EN 13155: 2003, Cranes - Safety - Non-fixed load lifting attachments
EN 13157: 2004, Cranes - Safety - Hand powered lifting equipment
EN 13557: 2003, Cranes — Controls and control stations
EN 13586: 2004 Cranes — Access
prEN 14492-2 Cranes — Power driven winches and hoists — Part 2: Power driven hoists
EN 60073, Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification — Coding
principles for indication devices and actuators
EN 60204-32: 1998, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines
EN 60825-1, Safety of laser products — Part 1: Equipment classification, requirements and user's guide
EN 61310-2, Safety of machinery — Indicating, marking and actuation —- Part 2: Requirements for marking
ISO 1680: 1999, Acoustics — Test code for the measurement of airborne noise emitted by rotating electrical
machines
ISO 2631-1: Mechanical vibration and shock — Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration — Part
1: General requirements
ISO 3864, Safety colours and safety signs
ISO 6336-1: 2006, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears -- Part 1: Basic principles,
introduction and general influence factors
ISO 7752-5, Lifting appliances — Controls — Layout and characteristics — Part 5: Overhead travelling cranes
and portal bridge cranes
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prEN 15011:2007 (E)
ISO 8566-5, Lifting appliances — Cabin — Part 5: Overhead travelling cranes and portal bridge cranes
ISO 10245-5, Cranes — Limiting and indicating devices — Part 5: Overhead travelling and portal bridge
cranes
ISO 11660-5, Cranes — Access, guards and restraints — Part 5: Bridge and Gantry Cranes
ISO 12488-1: 2005, Cranes — Tolerances of cranes and tracks — Travel and Traverse —
Part 1: General
EN ISO 3744: 1995, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels of noise sources using sound pressure
— Engineering method in an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
EN ISO 4871: 1996, Acoustics - Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment
EN ISO 11202: 1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Survey method in situ
EN ISO 11203: 1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions from the sound power level
EN ISO 11204: 1995, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Measurement of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions — Method requiring environmental
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the terms and definitions of EN ISO 12100-1, EN ISO 3744, EN ISO 11202,
EN ISO 11203 and EN ISO 11204 apply together with the following:
3.1
bridge crane
a crane, having at least one primarily horizontal girder moving along tracks on which is mounted at least one
lifting assembly.
3.2
gantry crane
a crane, having at least one primarily horizontal girder supported by at least one leg, mounted on wheels. and
equipped with at least one lifting assembly.
3.3
rated capacity : m
RC
maximum net load (the sum of the payload and non-fixed load-lifting attachment) that the crane is designed to
lift for a given crane configuration and load location during normal operation
3.4
hoist load: m
H
sum of the masses of the load equal to the rated capacity, the fixed lifting attachment and the hoist medium.
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prEN 15011:2007 (E)
4 List of significant hazards
Table 1 of this clause contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are
dealt with in this standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which
require action to eliminate or reduce the risk.
Table 1 — List of significant hazards and associated requirements
No. Hazard (as listed in EN 1050:1997) Other EN- Relevant clause(s)
standards and in this standard
ISO-standards
1 Mechanical hazards
1.1 Generated by machine parts or
workpieces, e.g. by:
1.1.2 relative location 5.6.2
1.1.3 mass and stability EN 13001 5.2
1.1.4 mass and velocity EN 13135-2 5.4.4, 5.6.1
1.1.5 inadequacy of mechanical strength EN 13001 5.2
1.2 Accumulation of energy inside the
machinery, e.g. by:
1.2.2 fluids under pressure EN 13135-2 5.4.1
5.7
1.3 Elementary forms of mechanical
hazards
1.3.1 Crushing EN 294, EN 5.1, 5.6.2, 7.2.
349
1.3.2 Shearing EN 13586 5.6.2.4
1.3.3 Cutting or severing ISO 8566-1
6.3,
EN 13557
1.3.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard EN 953 5.6.2.5 to 5.6.2.7
- moving transmission parts EN 294
1.3.6 Impact 5.5.3.1, 7.2
1.3.9 High pressure fluid injection or ejection EN13135-2 7.3.3
hazard
2 Electrical hazards due to: EN13135-1 5.3
2.1 Contact of persons with live parts EN 60204-32 5.3.2, 5.3.5.1,
(direct contact) 5.3.10
2.2 Contact of persons with parts which EN 60204-32 5.3.5.2
have become live under faulty
conditions (indirect contact)
2.3 Approach to live parts under high EN 60204-32 5.3
voltage
2.4 Electrostatic phenomena EN 60204-32 5.3.1
2.5 Thermal radiation or other phenomena EN 60204-32 5.3.6
such as the projection of molten
particles and chemical effects from
short-circuits, overloads, etc.
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prEN 15011:2007 (E)
Table 1 — List of significant hazards and associated requirements (Continued)
No. Hazard (as listed in EN 1050:1997) Other EN- Relevant
standards clause(s) in this
and ISO- standard
standards
3 Thermal hazards, resulting in:
3.1 burns and scalds, by possible EN 563, 5.4.8.1, 7.3.3
contact of persons with objects or EN 13135-2
materials with an extreme
temperature, by flames, by radiation,
etc.
3.2 Hot or cold working environment. EN 13557 5.6.1
4 Hazards generated by noise,
resulting in:
4.1 Hearing losses 5.6.4
4.2 Interference with speech 5.6.4, 7.3.1
communication, signals,.
5 Hazards generated by vibration
5.2 Whole body vibration, particularly 5.2.2.6, 5.6.1
when combined with poor postures
6 Radiation
6.0 External radiation See introduction
6.1 Low frequency , radio frequency 5.4.8.2
radiation, micro waves
6.2 Infrared, visible, UV-light 5.4.8.3
6.5 Lasers EN 60825-1 5.4.8.4
7 Processed materials and
substances, used materials, fuels
7.1 Hazards from contact with harmful EN 60204-1: 5.4.8.6
fluids, gases, mists, fumes and dusts cl. 12.3 See Introduction
7.2 Fire or explosion hazard 5.4.8.5
See Introduction
8 Neglected ergonomic principles in
machine design e.g. hazards from:
8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive 5.6.1
efforts
8.2 Inadequate consideration of hand- EN 614-1
arm or foot-leg anatomy
8.3 Neglected use of personal protection 7.3.3
equipment
8.4 Inadequate local lighting 5.6.3
8.6 Human errors, human behaviour 5.5.2.1
8.7 Inadequate design, location or ISO 7752-5
identification of manual controls
8.8 Inadequate design or location of EN 894-1, 5.7.5
visual display units -2, -3
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prEN 15011:2007 (E)
Table 1 — List of significant hazards and associated requirements (Continued)
No. Hazard (as listed in EN Other EN- Relevant
1050:1997) standards and clause(s) in this
ISO-standards standard
10 Unexpected start-up,
unexpected
overrun/overspeed (or any
similar malfunction) from:
10.1 Failure/ disorder of control EN 60204-32 5.3.4, 5.3.9, 5.6.1
systems EN 954,
EN 418
10.3 External influences on electrical 5.3.8.4, 5.3.10,
equipment 5.4.2
10.4 Other external influences 5.3.8.4, 5.4.2,
(gravity, wind, etc.) 5.5.2.2, 5.5.4 b)
and c)
10.5 Errors in the software 5.3.8.4, 5.3.9,
5.4.2
10.6 Errors made by the operator 5.3.8.4, 5.4.2
(due to mismatch of machinery
with human characteristics and
abilities, see No. 8.6)
11 Impossibility of stopping the 5.4.4.1, 5.4.5.1,
machine in the best possible 5.5.2.2
conditions
13 Failure of the power supply EN 60204-32 5.3, 5.4.2
14 Failure of the control circuit EN 60204-32 5.3, 5.6.1, 5.4.2
16 Break-up during operation 5.2, 5.4.3.2.1,
7.3.3
16.1 Thermal effect on the crane 5.3
17 Falling or ejected object. or EN 13135-2 5.4.1, 7.3.3
fluid
18 Loss of stability / overturning
of machinery
Loss of rigid body stability EN13001-2 5.2.3
19 Slip, trip and falling of EN 13586 5.6.2
persons (related to machinery)
20 Relating to the travelling
function
20.2 Movement without a operator at 5.6.1
the driving position
20.4 Excessive speed of pedestrian EN 13557 5.6.1
controlled machinery
20.5 Excessive oscillations when 5.4.4.3, 5.5.4e)
moving 7.2
20.6 Insufficient ability of machinery 5.4.3.2.1, 5.4.4.1
to be slowed down, stopped and to 5.4.4.4,
immobilized 5.5.2.2, 7.2
20.7 From derailment due to travelling 5.4.4.5
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prEN 15011:2007 (E)
Table 1 — List of significant hazards and associated requirements (Continued)
No. Hazard (as listed in EN Other EN- Relevant
1050:1997) standards and clause(s) in this
ISO-standards standard
21 Linked to the work position
(including driving station) on the
machine
21.1 Fall of persons during access to EN 13586, ISO 5.6.2
(or at/from) the work position 11660-5
21.2 Exhaust gases / lack of oxygen 5.4.8.6.1
at the work position
21.3 Fire (flammability of the cab, lack EN 13557 5.4.8.5, 5.6.1
of extinguishing means)
21.4 Mechanical hazards at the work
position
- contact with the wheels 5.6.2.5,
- fall of objects, penetration by 5.6.1
object
- contact of persons with
machine parts or tools
(pedestrian control.)
21.5 Insufficient visibility from the EN 13557 5.6.1,
working position
21.6 Inadequate lighting 5.6.3
21.7 Inadequate seating EN 13557, 5.6.1
ISO 8566-5
21.8 Noise at the driving position 5.6.4
21.9 Vibration at the driving position 5.6.1
21.10 Insufficient means of EN 13586, 5.6.2, 5.4.8.5
evacuation/emergency exit EN 60204-32
22 Due to the control system 5.6.1
22.1 Inadequate location of controls 5.6.1
/control devices
22.2 Inadequate design of the ISO 7752-1, -5 5.6.1
actuation mode and/or action
mode of controls
23 From handling the machine 5.4.4.3
(lack of stability)
25 From/to third persons
25.1 Unauthorized start-up/use EN 60204-32
5.4
25.2 Drift of a part away from its 5.4.5.2
stopping position
25.3 Lack or inadequacy of visual or 5.7
acoustic warning means
26 Insufficient instructions for
the driver / operator
26.1 Movement into prohibited area 5.5.3.1, 7.2
26.2 Tipping - Swinging 7.2
26.3 Collision: machines-machine. ISO 10245-5 5.5.3.1, 5.5.3.3,
5.5.4e), 7.2
26.4 Collision: machines-persons 5.5.3.1, 5.5.4e)
7.2
26.5 Ground conditions 7.3.1
26.6 Supporting conditions 7.3.1
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prEN 15011:2007 (E)
Table 1 — List of significant hazards and associated requirements (Continued)
No. Hazard (as listed in EN 1050:1997) Other EN- Relevant clause(s)
standards in this standard
and ISO-
standards
27 Mechanical hazards and events
27.1 from load falls, collision, machine
tipping caused by:
27.1.1 lack of stability 5.2.3
27.1.2 Uncontrolled loading -overloading – 5.2.1.8, 5.2.1.9,
overturning moment exceeded 5.4.3.1, 5.5.1,
5.5.2.1, 5.5.4a)
27.1.3 Uncontrolled amplitude of 5.5.3.3, 7.2
movements
27.1.4 Unexpected/unintended movement EN 13135-1, 5.3.7, 5.3.11, 5.4.1,
of loads -2 5.4.2, 5.6, 7.2
27.1.5 Inadequate holding devices / EN 13135-2, 5.4.1, 7.2
accessories EN 13155
27.1.6 Collision of more than one machine 5.5.3.1, 5.5.3.3
27.1.7 Two-block of hook to hoist 5.5.3.2
27.2 From access of persons to load 7.2
support
27.3 From derailment EN 13135-2 5.4.4.5, 5.4.4.6
27.4 From insufficient mechanical strength 5.2, 5.4.3.2.1,
of parts 5.4.5.3, 5.4.6,
Loss of mechanical strength, or 5.4.7, 7.3.3
inadequate mechanical strength
27.5 From inadequate design of pulleys, EN 13135-2 5.2, 5.4.1
drums
27.6 From inadequate selection/ EN 13135-2, 5.2, 5.4.1, 7.2
integration into the machine of EN 13155
chains, ropes, lifting accessories
27.7 From lowering of the load by EN 13135-2 5.4.1
friction brake
27.8 From abnormal conditions of 5.4.3.2.2, 5.5.4d)
assembly/ testing/ use/ maintenance
27.9 Load-person interference (impact by 5.6.1, 7.2, 7.3.1
load)
28 Electrical hazard
28.1 from lightning EN 13135-1 7.3.3
29 Hazards generated by neglecting
ergonomic principles
29.1 insufficient visibility from the driving EN 13557 5.6.1, 5.6.3
position
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prEN 15011:2007 (E)
5 Safety requirements and/or protective measures
5.1 General
Machinery shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this clause. In addition,
the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100 for relevant but not significant
hazards, which are not dealt with by this standard
Bridge and gantry cranes shall be in accordance with the following standards as amended by this standard:
EN 13001-1, Crane safety — General design — Part 1: General principles and requirements;
EN 13001-2, Crane safety — General design — Part 2: Load actions;
CEN/TS 13001-3-1, Cranes — General design — Part 3.1: Limit states and proof of competence of steel
structures;
CEN/TS 13001-3-2, Cranes — General design — Part 3.2: Limit states and proof of competence of wire
ropes;
EN 13135-1, Cranes — Safety — Design — Requirements for equipment — Part 1: Electrotechnical
equipment;
EN 13135-2, Cranes — Equipment — Part 2: Non-electrotechnical equipment;
EN 13157, Cranes – Hand powered cranes
EN 13557, Cranes — Controls and control stations;
EN 12077-2, Cranes safety — Requirements for health and safety — Part 2: Limiting and indicating
devices;
EN 13586, Cranes — Access;
EN 12644-1, Cranes — Information for use and testing — Part 1: Instructions;
EN 12644-2, Cranes — Information for use and testing — Part 2: Marking;
prEN 14492-2, Cranes — Power driven winches and hoists — Part 2: Power driven hoists
EN 60204-32, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines
5.2 Requirements for strength and stability
5.2.1 Load actions
5.2.1.1 Selection of service conditions
The service conditions that are selected and used as the basis of design, in accordance with EN 13001-1 and
-2, shall be specified in the technical file of the crane.
For cranes located outdoor, the recurrence period according to EN 13001-2 clause 4.2.4.2 for out of service wind
shall be a minimum
- 25 years for cranes located in coastal areas
- 10 years for cranes located inland
- 5 years for indoor cranes working outdoor occasionally with outdoor parking facilities
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prEN 15011:2007 (E)
NOTE 1 Guidance for specifying the operation duty is given in annex A. For information needed for the derivation of
classification of parametres see also ISO 9374-5: Cranes — Information to be provided — Part 5: Overhead travelling
cranes and portal bridge cranes.
5.2.1.2 Selection of loads and load combinations
The basic load combinations for the load calculation shall be selected in accordance with EN 13001-2, Table
10.
5.2.1.3 Determination of dynamic factors
5.2.1.3.1 Hoisting and gravity effects acting on the mass of the crane
The masses of the crane shall be multiplied with factor φ = 1+δ when calculating the stresses in load
1
combinations in accordance with EN 13001-2.
For cranes belonging to the mass distribution class MDC1 δ = 0,1 and φ = 1,10
...
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