EN ISO 24534-4:2010
(Main)Automatic vehicle and equipment identification - Electronic Registration Identification (ERI) for vehicles - Part 4: Secure communications using asymmetrical techniques (ISO 24534-4:2010)
Automatic vehicle and equipment identification - Electronic Registration Identification (ERI) for vehicles - Part 4: Secure communications using asymmetrical techniques (ISO 24534-4:2010)
ISO 24534-4:2010 provides requirements for electronic registration identification (ERI) that are based on an identifier assigned to a vehicle (e.g. for recognition by national authorities) suitable to be used for:
electronic identification of local and foreign vehicles by national authorities;
vehicle manufacturing, in-life maintenance and end-of-life identification (vehicle life cycle management);
adaptation of vehicle data (e.g. for international resales);
safety-related purposes;
crime reduction;
commercial services.
It adheres to privacy and data protection regulations.
ISO 24534-4:2010 specifies the interfaces for a secure exchange of data between an ERT and an ERI reader or ERI writer in or outside the vehicle using asymmetric encryption techniques.
ISO 24534-4:2010 includes:
the application layer interface between an ERT and an onboard ERI reader or writer;
the application layer interface between the onboard ERI equipment and external ERI readers and writers;
security issues related to the communication with the ERT.
Straßenverkehrstelematik (RTTT) - Automatische Identifizierung von Fahrzeugen und Ausrüstungen - Elektronische Identifizierung für die Registrierung (ERI) - Teil 4: Sichere Anwendungsebene mittels asymmetrischer Techniken (ISO 24534-4:2010)
Identification automatique des véhicules et des équipements - Identification d'enregistrement électronique (ERI) pour les véhicules - Partie 4: Communications sûres utilisant des techniques asymétriques (ISO 24534-4:2010)
L'ISO 24534-4:2010 fournit les exigences pour une identification d'enregistrement électronique (ERI) s'appuyant sur un identifiant attribué à un véhicule (par exemple, pour la reconnaissance par les autorités nationales), adapté à l'identification électronique des véhicules locaux et étrangers par les autorités nationales; à l'identification pendant la fabrication, la maintenance et la fin de vie des véhicules (gestion du cycle de vie des véhicules); à l'adaptation des données des véhicules (par exemple, pour les reventes à l'étranger); aux besoins de la sécurité; à la réduction des délits; et aux services commerciaux.
Elle respecte les réglementations concernant le respect de la vie privée et la protection des données.
Elle spécifie les interfaces pour un échange sécurisé de données entre un ERT et un lecteur ERI ou un scripteur ERI à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur du véhicule à l'aide de techniques de chiffrement asymétriques.
Elle comprend l'interface de la couche application entre un ERT et un lecteur ou un scripteur ERI embarqué; l'interface de la couche application entre un équipement ERI embarqué et des lecteurs et des scripteurs ERI extérieurs; et les problèmes de sécurité relatifs à la communication avec l'ERT.
Avtomatična identifikacija vozil in opreme - Elektronska identifikacija registracije (ERI) za vozila - 4. del: Varne komunikacije, pri katerih se uporabljajo asimetrične tehnike (ISO 24534-4:2010)
Ta del ISO 24534 zagotavlja zahteve za elektronsko identifikacijo registracije (ERI), ki so osnovane na označbi, določeni za vozilo (npr. za prepoznavo s strani državnih organov), ki je primerna za uporabo pri: - elektronski identifikaciji lokalnih in tujih vozil z strani državnih organov; - proizvodnji vozil, vzdrževanju med delovanjem in identifikacijo ob koncu (upravljanju življenjskega cikla vozila); - prilagoditvi podatkov o vozilu (npr. za mednarodne izdaje); - namenih, povezanih z varnostjo; - zmanjševanju kriminala; - gospodarskih storitvah. Drži se predpisov o zasebnosti in zaščiti podatkov. Ta del ISO 24534 določa vmesnike za varno izmenjavo podatkov med ERT in ERI čitalnikom ali ERI pisalnikom, znotraj ali zunaj vozila, z uporabo asimetričnih šifrirnih tehnik. – upravljanje; - prilagoditev podatkov vozila (npr. za mednarodne izdaje); - nameni, povezani z varnostjo; - zmanjševanje kriminala; - gospodarske storitve. Ta del ISO 24534 vključuje: - povezavo za namensko raven med ERT in ERI čitalnikom ali pisalnikom v vozilu; - povezava za namensko raven med ERI opremo v vozilu in zunanjimi ERI čitalniki in pisalniki; - vprašanja zaščite, povezana s komunikacijo z ERT.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2010
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SIST-TS CEN ISO/TS 24534-4:2008
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(5, ]DYR]LODGHO 9DUQHNRPXQLNDFLMHSULNDWHULKVHXSRUDEOMDMRDVLPHWULþQH
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Automatic vehicle and equipment identification - Electronic Registration Identification
(ERI) for vehicles - Part 4: Secure communications using asymmetrical techniques (ISO
24534-4:2010)
Identification automatique des véhicules et des équipements - Identification
d'enregistrement électronique (ERI) pour les véhicules - Partie 4: Communications sûres
utilisant des techniques asymétriques (ISO 24534-4:2010)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 24534-4:2010
ICS:
03.220.20 Cestni transport Road transport
35.240.60 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in transport
transportu in trgovini and trade
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 24534-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2010
ICS 35.240.60; 03.220.20 Supersedes CEN ISO/TS 24534-4:2008
English Version
Automatic vehicle and equipment identification - Electronic
Registration Identification (ERI) for vehicles - Part 4: Secure
communications using asymmetrical techniques (ISO 24534-
4:2010)
Identification automatique des véhicules et des
équipements - Identification d'enregistrement électronique
(ERI) pour les véhicules - Partie 4: Communications sûres
utilisant des techniques asymétriques (ISO 24534-4:2010)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 16 June 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the
official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 24534-4:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 24534-4:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 278 “Road
transport and traffic telematics”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN, in collaboration with Technical
Committee ISO/TC 204 "Intelligent transport systems".
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by January 2011.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN ISO/TS 24534-4:2008.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 24534-4:2010 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 24534-4:2010 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 24534-4
First edition
2010-07-15
Automatic vehicle and equipment
identification — Electronic registration
identification (ERI) for vehicles —
Part 4:
Secure communications using
asymmetrical techniques
Identification automatique des véhicules et des équipements —
Identification d'enregistrement électronique (ERI) pour les véhicules —
Partie 4: Communications sûres utilisant des techniques asymétriques
Reference number
ISO 24534-4:2010(E)
©
ISO 2010
ISO 24534-4:2010(E)
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ii © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 24534-4:2010(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction.v
1 Scope.1
2 Normative references.2
3 Terms and definitions .2
4 Abbreviations.10
5 System communications concept .11
5.1 Introduction.11
5.2 Overview.11
5.3 Security services .18
5.4 Communication architecture description .23
5.5 Interfaces.25
6 Interface requirements.26
6.1 Overview.26
6.2 Abstract transaction definitions .27
6.3 The ERT interfaces .63
Annex A (normative) ASN.1 modules .66
Annex B (normative) PICS pro forma .77
Annex C (informative) Operational scenarios.81
Bibliography.93
ISO 24534-4:2010(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 24534-4 was prepared by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee
CEN/TC 278, Road transport and traffic telematics, in collaboration with Technical Committee ISO/TC 204,
Intelligent transport systems, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and
CEN (Vienna Agreement).
This first edition of ISO 24534-4 cancels and replaces ISO/TS 24534-4:2008, which has been technically
revised.
ISO 24534 consists of the following parts, under the general title Automatic vehicle and equipment
identification — Electronic registration identification (ERI) for vehicles:
⎯ Part 1: Architecture
⎯ Part 2: Operational requirements
⎯ Part 3: Vehicle data
⎯ Part 4: Secure communications using asymmetrical techniques
⎯ Part 5: Secure communications using symmetrical techniques
iv © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 24534-4:2010(E)
Introduction
A quickly emerging need has been identified with administrations to improve the unique identification of
vehicles for a variety of services. Situations are already occurring where manufacturers intend to fit lifetime
tags to vehicles. Various governments are considering the needs and benefits of electronic registration
identification (ERI) as a legal proof of vehicle identity with potential mandatory uses. There is commercial and
economic justification in respect of both tags and infrastructure that a standard enables an interoperable
solution.
ERI is a means of uniquely identifying road vehicles. The application of ERI will offer significant benefits over
existing techniques for vehicle identification. It will be a suitable tool for the future management and
administration of traffic and transport, including applications in free-flow, multi-lane traffic conditions with the
capability to support mobile transactions. ERI addresses the need of authorities and other road users for a
trusted electronic identification, including roaming vehicles.
This part of ISO 24534 specifies the application layer interfaces for the exchange of data between an onboard
component containing the ERI data and a reader or writer inside or outside the vehicle.
The exchanged identification data consists of a unique vehicle identifier and may also include data typically
found in the vehicle's registration certificate. The authenticity of the exchanged vehicle data can be further
enhanced by ensuring data has been obtained by request from a commissioned device, with the data
electronically signed by the registration authority.
In order to facilitate (international) resales of vehicles, the ERI interface includes provisions for another
accredited registration authority to take over the registration of a vehicle.
The ERI interface supports confidentiality measures to adhere to (inter)national privacy regulation and to
prevent other misuse of electronic identification of vehicles. A registration authority may authorize other
authorities to access the vehicle's data. A holder of a registration certificate may authorize an additional
service provider to identify the vehicle when he/she wants commercial service.
However, it is perceived that different users may have different requirements for authentication and
confidentiality. This International Standard therefore supports different levels of security with maximum
compatibility. Much attention is given to the interoperability of the component containing the ERI data and
readers of various levels of capability, e.g. the identification of a vehicle with a less capable ERI data
component by a more sophisticated reader equipment and vice versa.
The supported complexity of the device containing the ERI data may range from a very simple read-only
device that only contains the vehicle's identifier, to a sophisticated device that includes both authentication
and confidentiality measures and maintains a historic list of the vehicle data written by the manufacturer and
by vehicle registration authorities.
Following the events of 11 September 2001, and subsequent reviews of anti-terrorism measures, the need for
ERI has been identified as a possible anti-terrorism measure. The need for international or pan-European
harmonization of such ERI is therefore important. It is also important to ensure that any ERI measures contain
protection against misuse by terrorists.
This part of ISO 24534 makes use of the basic automatic vehicle identification (AVI) provisions already
defined in ISO 14814 and ISO 14816.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 24534-4:2010(E)
Automatic vehicle and equipment identification — Electronic
registration identification (ERI) for vehicles —
Part 4:
Secure communications using asymmetrical techniques
1 Scope
This part of ISO 24534 provides requirements for electronic registration identification (ERI) that are based on
an identifier assigned to a vehicle (e.g. for recognition by national authorities) suitable to be used for:
⎯ electronic identification of local and foreign vehicles by national authorities;
⎯ vehicle manufacturing, in-life maintenance and end-of-life identification (vehicle life cycle management);
⎯ adaptation of vehicle data (e.g. for international resales);
⎯ safety-related purposes;
⎯ crime reduction;
⎯ commercial services.
It adheres to privacy and data protection regulations.
This part of ISO 24534 specifies the interfaces for a secure exchange of data between an ERT and an ERI
reader or ERI writer in or outside the vehicle using asymmetric encryption techniques.
NOTE 1 The onboard device containing the ERI data is called the electronic registration tag (ERT).
This part of ISO 24534 includes:
⎯ the application layer interface between an ERT and an onboard ERI reader or writer;
⎯ the application layer interface between the onboard ERI equipment and external ERI readers and writers;
⎯ security issues related to the communication with the ERT.
NOTE 2 The vehicle identifiers and possible additional vehicle data (as typically contained in vehicle registration
certificates) are defined in ISO 24534-3.
NOTE 3 The secure application layer interfaces for the exchange of ERI data with an ERI reader or writer are specified
in both this part of ISO 24534 and ISO 24534-5.
ISO 24534-4:2010(E)
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC 8824 (all parts), Information technology — Abstract Syntax Notation One (ASN.1)
ISO/IEC 8825-2, Information technology — ASN.1 encoding rules: Specification of Packed Encoding Rules
(PER) — Part 2
ISO/IEC 14443 (all parts), Identification cards — Contactless integrated circuit cards — Proximity cards
ISO 15628:2007, Road transport and traffic telematics — Dedicated short range communication (DSRC) —
DSRC application layer
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
access control
prevention of unauthorized use of a resource, including the prevention of use of a resource in an unauthorized
manner
[ISO 7498-2:1989, definition 3.3.1]
3.2
access control list
list of entities, together with their access rights, which are authorized to have access to a resource
[ISO 7498-2:1989, definition 3.3.2]
3.3
active threat
threat of a deliberate unauthorized change to the state of the system
[ISO 7498-2:1989, definition 3.3.4]
EXAMPLE Examples of security-relevant active threats may include modification of messages, replay of messages,
and insertion of spurious messages, masquerading as an authorized entity and denial of service.
3.4
additional vehicle data
ERI data in addition to the vehicle identifier
[ISO 24534-3:2008, definition 3.1]
3.5
air interface
conductor-free medium between onboard equipment (OBE) and the reader/interrogator through which the
linking of the OBE to the reader/interrogator is achieved by means of electromagnetic signals
[ISO 14814:2006, definition 3.2]
3.6
authority
organization that is allowed by public law to identify a vehicle using ERI
2 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 24534-4:2010(E)
3.7
authorization
granting of rights, which includes the granting of access based on access rights
[ISO 7498-2:1989, definition 3.3.10]
3.8
certification authority
natural or legal person trusted to create public key certificates
NOTE See also top-level certification authority and intermediate certification authority.
3.9
challenge
data item chosen at random and sent by the verifier to the claimant, which is used by the claimant, in
conjunction with secret information held by the claimant, to generate a response which is sent to the verifier
[ISO/IEC 9798-1:1997, definition 3.3.5]
NOTE In this part of ISO 24534 the term challenge is also used in case an ERT does not have enabled encryption
capabilities and the challenge is merely copied without any secret information applied.
3.10
ciphertext
data produced, through the use of encipherment; the semantic content of the resulting data is not available
[ISO 7498-2:1989, definition 3.3.14]
3.11
claimant
entity which is or represents a principal for the purposes of authentication
NOTE A claimant includes the functions necessary for engaging in authentication exchanges on behalf of a principal.
[ISO/IEC 10181-2:1996, definition 3.10]
3.12
cleartext
intelligible data, the semantic content of which is available
[ISO 7498-2:1989, definition 3.3.15]
3.13
confidentiality
property that information is not made available or disclosed to unauthorized individuals, entities, or processes
[ISO 7498-2:1989, definition 3.3.16]
3.14
credentials
data that is transferred to establish the claimed identity of an entity
[ISO 7498-2:1989, definition 3.3.17]
3.15
cryptography
discipline which embodies principles, means, and methods for the transformation of data in order to hide its
information content, prevent its undetected modification and/or prevent its unauthorized use
[ISO 7498-2:1989, definition 3.3.20]
ISO 24534-4:2010(E)
3.16
data integrity
integrity
property that data has not been altered or destroyed in an unauthorized manner
[ISO 7498-2:1989, definition 3.3.21]
3.17
decipherment
decryption
reversal of a corresponding reversible encipherment
[ISO 7498-2:1989, definition 3.3.23]
3.18
digital signature
signature
data appended to, or a cryptographic transformation of, a data unit that allows a recipient of the data unit to
prove the source and integrity of the data unit and protect against forgery, e.g. by the recipient
[ISO 7498-2:1989, definition 3.3.26]
NOTE See also cryptography.
3.19
distinguishing identifier
information which unambiguously distinguishes an entity
[ISO/IEC 9798-1:1997, definition 3.3.9]
3.20
electronic registration identification
ERI
action or act of identifying a vehicle with electronic means for purposes as mentioned in the scope of this part
of ISO 24534
3.21
electronic registration reader
ERR
device used to read or read/write data from or to an ERT
3.22
electronic registration tag
ERT
onboard ERI device that contains the ERI data including relevant security provisions and one or more
interfaces to access that data
NOTE 1 In the case of high security, the ERT is a type of SAM (secure application module).
NOTE 2 The ERT can be a separate device or can be integrated into an onboard device that also provides other
capabilities (e.g. DSRC communications).
3.23
encipherment
encryption
cryptographic transformation of data to produce ciphertext
NOTE 1 Encipherment may be irreversible, in which case the corresponding decipherment process cannot feasibly be
performed.
NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO 7498-2.
4 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 24534-4:2010(E)
3.24
end-to-end encipherment
encipherment of data within or at the source end system, with the corresponding decipherment occurring only
within or at the destination end system
[ISO 7498-2:1989, definition 3.3.29]
3.25
entity authentication
corroboration that an entity is the one claimed
[ISO/IEC 9798-1:1997, definition 3.3.11]
3.26
ERI data
vehicle identifying data which can be obtained from an ERT
NOTE ERI data consists of the vehicle identifier and possible additional vehicle data.
3.27
ERI reader
device used to read ERI data directly or indirectly from an ERT by invoking ERI transactions
NOTE 1 In the case that an ERI reader exchanges the ERI protocol data units directly via a data link with an ERT it is
also called an ERR. In case it communicates via one or more nodes, only the last node in this sequence is called an ERR.
As a consequence, an external ERI reader can, depending on the onboard configuration for example, act for some, but not
all, vehicles as an ERR.
NOTE 2 See also onboard ERI reader and external ERI reader.
3.28
ERI transaction
transaction as defined in Clause 6
3.29
ERI writer
device used to write ERI data directly or indirectly into an ERT by invoking ERI transactions
NOTE 1 In case an ERI writer exchanges the ERI protocol data units directly via a data link with an ERT it is also called
an ERR. In case it communicates via one or more nodes, only the last node in this sequence is called an ERR. As a
consequence, an external ERI writer may, e.g. depending on the onboard configuration, act for some vehicles as an ERR
and for others not.
NOTE 2 See also onboard ERI writer and external ERI writer.
3.30
ERT holder
legal or natural person holding an ERT
NOTE The ERT holder could be, for example, the holder of the registration number or the owner, operator or keeper
of the vehicle.
3.31
ERT number
number assigned to and written into an ERT that acts as an ERT unique identifier
NOTE The ERT number is assumed to be written into the ERT during its manufacture and once written cannot be
changed.
ISO 24534-4:2010(E)
3.32
external ERI reader
ERI reader not being part of the onboard ERI equipment
NOTE 1 An external ERI reader is fitted neither within nor on the outside of the vehicle.
NOTE 2 A distinction is made between proximity, short-range (DSRC), and remote external readers. A proximity reader
can be a PCD (proximity coupling device) as specified in ISO/IEC 14443. A short-range external ERI reader may be a part
of roadside equipment, handheld equipment, or mobile equipment. A remote external ERI reader may be part of the back
office equipment (BOE).
3.33
external ERI writer
ERI writer not being part of the onboard ERI equipment
NOTE 1 An external ERI writer is not fitted within or on the outside of the vehicle.
NOTE 2 A distinction is made between proximity, short-range (DSRC), and remote external writers. A proximity reader
can be, for example, a PCD (proximity coupling device) as specified in ISO/IEC 14443. A short-range external ERI writer
can be (a part of) roadside equipment, handheld equipment, or mobile equipment. A remote external ERI writer can be
part of the back office equipment (BOE).
3.34
hash-code
string of bits which is the output of a hash-function
3.35
hash-function
function which maps strings of bits to fixed-length strings of bits, satisfying the following two properties:
a) for a given output, it is computationally infeasible to find an input which maps to this output; and
b) for a given output, it is computationally infeasible to find a second input which maps to the same output
[ISO/IEC 10118-1:2000, definition 3.5]
NOTE Computational feasibility depends on the specific security requirements and environment.
3.36
identification
action or act of establishing the identity
NOTE See also vehicle identification.
3.37
intermediate certification authority
certification authority for which public key certificates are issued by the top-level certification authority
NOTE This definition implies that there can be only one “level” of intermediate certification authorities.
3.38
key
sequence of symbols that controls the operations of a cryptographic transformation (e.g. encipherment,
decipherment, cryptographic check function, signature generation, or signature verification)
[ISO/IEC 9798-1:1997, definition 3.3.13]
NOTE See ISO/IEC 9798-1 for the meaning of the terms used for the examples of cryptographic transformations.
6 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 24534-4:2010(E)
3.39
lifetime
period of time during which an item of equipment exists and functions
NOTE Adapted from ISO 14815.
3.40
manipulation detection
mechanism which is used to detect whether a data unit has been modified (either accidentally or intentionally)
[ISO 7498-2:1989, definition 3.3.35]
3.41
masquerade
pretence by an entity to be a different entity
[ISO 7498-2:1989, definition 3.3.36]
3.42
non-repudiation
property that none of the entities involved in a communication can deny in all or in part its participation in the
communication
NOTE Adapted from ISO 7498-2.
3.43
onboard ERI equipment
equipment fitted within or on the outside of the vehicle and used for ERI purposes
NOTE The onboard ERI equipment comprises an ERT and can also comprise any additional communication devices.
3.44
onboard ERI reader
ERI reader which is part of the onboard ERI equipment
NOTE An onboard ERI reader can be, for example, a proximity coupling device (PCD) as specified in ISO/IEC 14443.
3.45
onboard ERI writer
ERI writer which is part of the onboard ERI equipment
NOTE An onboard ERI writer can be, for example, a proximity coupling device (PCD) as specified in ISO/IEC 14443.
3.46
passive threat
threat of unauthorized disclosure of information without changing the state of the system
[ISO 7498-2:1989, definition 3.3.38]
3.47
password
confidential authentication information, usually composed of a string of characters
[ISO 7498-2:1989, definition 3.3.39]
3.48
periodic motor vehicle test
compulsory periodic (e.g. annual) test of the roadworthiness of a motor vehicle of above a specified age, or a
certificate of passing such a test
EXAMPLE The MOT test in the United Kingdom is a periodic motor vehicle test.
ISO 24534-4:2010(E)
3.49
principal
entity whose identity can be authenticated
[ISO/IEC 10181-2:1996, definition 3.15]
3.50
privacy
right of individuals to control or influence what information related to them may be collected and stored and by
whom and to whom that information may be disclosed
[ISO 7498-2:1989, definition 3.3.43]
NOTE Because this term relates to the right of individuals, it cannot be very precise and its use should be avoided
except as a motivation for requiring security.
3.51
private decipherment key
private key which defines the private decipherment transformation
[ISO/IEC 9798-1:1997, definition 3.3.16]
3.52
private key
key of an entity's asymmetric key pair which should only be used by that entity
[ISO/IEC 9798-1:1997, definition 3.3.17]
NOTE In the case of an asymmetric signature system the private key defines the signature transformation. In the
case of an asymmetric encipherment system the private key defines the decipherment transformation.
3.53
private signature key
private key which defines the private signature transformation
[ISO/IEC 9798-1:1997, definition 3.3.18]
3.54
public encipherment key
public key which defines the public encipherment transformation
[ISO/IEC 9798-1:1997, definition 3.3.19]
3.55
public key
key of an entity's asymmetric key pair which can be made public
[ISO/IEC 9798-1:1997, definition 3.3.20]
NOTE In the case of an asymmetric signature system the public key defines the verification transformation. In the
case of an asymmetric encipherment system the public key defines the encipherment transformation. A key that is
“publicly” known is not necessarily globally available. The key is only made available to all members of a pre-specified
group.
3.56
public key certificate
certificate
public key information of an entity signed by the certification authority and therefore rendered unforgeable
[ISO/IEC 9798-1:1997, definition 3.3.21]
NOTE In this International Standard, a public key certificate also specifies the role of the entity for which the public
key information is provided, e.g. manufacturer or registration authority.
8 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 24534-4:2010(E)
3.57
public verification key
public key which defines the public verification transformation
[ISO/IEC 9798-1:1997, definition 3.3.23]
3.58
random number
time variant parameter whose value is unpredictable
[ISO/IEC 9798-1:1997, definition 3.3.24]
3.59
registration authority
〈for vehicles〉 authority responsible for the registration and maintenance of vehicle records
NOTE The authority may provide vehicle records to accredited organizations.
3.60
registration authority
〈for ERI data〉 organization responsible for writing ERI data and security data according to local legislation
NOTE The registration authority for ERI data can be the same as the registration authority for vehicles. This part of
ISO 24534, however, does not require this.
3.61
registration certificate
vehicle registration document (paper or smart card) issued by the registration authority for vehicles in which
the vehicle and its owner or lessee are registered
3.62
replay attack
masquerade which involves use of previous transmitted messages
[ISO/IEC 9798-1:1997, definition 3.3.26]
3.63
security
protection of information and data so that unauthorized persons or systems cannot read or modify them and
authorized persons or systems are not denied access to them
[ISO/IEC 12207, definition 3.25]
3.64
sequence number
time variant parameter whose value is taken from a specified sequence which is non-repeating within a certain
time period
[ISO/IEC 9798-1:1997, definition 3.3.27]
3.65
threat
potential violation of security
[ISO 7498-2:1989, definition 3.3.55]
ISO 24534-4:2010(E)
3.66
top-level certification authority
certification authority whose certificates can be verified because its public verification key(s) are written as
read-only data into the ERT before the ERT is customized or commissioned
3.67
unilateral authentication
entity authentication which provides one entity with the assurance of the other's identity but not vice versa
[ISO/IEC 9798-1:1997, definition 3.3.33]
3.68
vehicle identification
action or act of establishing the identity of a vehicle
3.69
verifier
entity which is or represents the entity requiring an authenticated identity
NOTE 1 A verifier includes the functions necessary for engaging in authentication exchanges.
NOTE 2 Adapted from ISO/IEC 10181-2.
4 Abbreviations
AEI automatic equipment identification
AES advanced encryption standard
ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation One [as defined in ISO/IEC 8824 (all parts)]
AVI automatic vehicle identification
BOE back office equipment
EN Europäische Norm (German), English: European Standard
ENV Europäische Norm Vorausgabe (German), English: European Pre-Standard
ERI electronic registration identification
ERR electronic registration reader
ERT electronic registration tag
EU European Union
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
ISO International Organization for Standardization
OBE onboard equipment (including non-ERI equipment)
OSI Open Systems Interconnection (see ISO/IEC 7498-1)
PICS protocol implementation conformance statement(s)
PIN personal identification number
SAM secure application module
VIN vehicle identification number
10 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 24534-4:2010(E)
5 System communications concept
5.1 Introduction
This clause is informative only. It provides an introduction to the context in which ERI data and security data
may be read from, or written into, the ERT and in which vehicles can be identified. It also outlines options that
may or may not be used in an actual implementation. The normative requirements for the application layer
interfaces are provided in Clause 6 and Annex A. Annex B contains a form to specify the limitations of an
actual communication protocol implementation.
5.2 Overview
5.2.1 Vehicle registration identification
ERI (electronic registration identification) is the action or act of identifying a vehicle by electronic means for the
purposes mentioned in the scope of this part of ISO 24534.
The identifier used to identify a vehicle is called the vehicle identifier or vehicleId.
NOTE 1 The preferred vehicle identifier is the VIN that is assigned to the vehicle by its manufacturer in accordance
with ISO 3779, but alternatives are supported as well (see ISO 24534-3 for details).
NOTE 2 See ISO 24534-3 for details about the vehicle identifier and ERI data.
In this part of ISO 24534, the combination of the almost unique vehicleId and a unique ERT number is used as
the unambiguous distinguishing identifier.
5.2.2 System concept and supported interfaces
Figure 1 presents the interfaces for which the application layer is specified in this part of ISO 24534.
Figure 1 — System concept and supported interfaces
The onboard component that provides a secure environment for the ERI data and security data is called the
ERT (electronic registration tag).
NOTE 1 An implementer may integrate other provisions (e.g. additional communication provisions) into an ERT as long
as this does not compromise the security of the ERT.
ISO 24534-4:2010(E)
Depending on its capabilities, an ERT is tailored to a specific vehicle in three consecutive steps (see
Figure C.2).
a) First, it is customized with the vehicle identifier and, optionally, additional vehicle data. This step can only
be performed once in the lifetime of an ERT. Customizing does not yet enable any ERT encipherment or
signing services.
b) Second, a registration authority may commission itself as the registration authority for the vehicle by
adding its security data. This step may be performed at any time by a registration authority when it wants
to commission itself as the current registration authority. A registration authority may change its security
data by recommissioning itself. If supported by the ERT, commissioning enables ERT confidentiality and
authentication services by providing the required security keys. If a key is not provided, the corresponding
services will not be enabled.
NOTE 2 Most smart cards are “owned” and “controlled” by one issuer during their whole lifetime. For an ERT
this is more complicated. When a vehicle is sold to another country a new registration authority will take over the
“control” or “ownership” of the ERT when it issues a new number plate and a new registration certificate for the
vehicle. The ERT is then recommissioned.
c) Third, a registration authority that has commissioned itself may change the additional vehicle data to
register a change of the vehicle data (with the exception of the vehicleId).
NOTE 3 In order to accommodate the needs of different countries, different selections of additional vehicle data
can be included. (See ISO 24534-3 for details.)
The onboard communication provisions shall be capable of transferring data from or to the ERT without
modifying that data.
NOTE 4 The onboard communication provisions may e.g. be part of an onboard platform for transport applications.
A communication device may communicate with an external proximity reader or writer, with a short-range ERI
reader and/or writer, or with remote back office equipment (BOE).
A communication device that communicates with an external ERI reader/writer acts as a relay between this
external ERI reader/writer and the onboard ERI reader/writer. A communication device may also be used for
other applications.
5.2.3 Roles involved
Within the context of this part of ISO 24534 the following “roles” for natural or legal persons are distinguished.
⎯ Manufacturers, who assign a VIN or chassis number to each vehicle they build. A manufacturer may also
once customize an ERT for a particular vehicle.
⎯ Registration authorities (with respect to the ERI data), which may:
⎯ assign a new vehicleId to the vehicle (in the case of defects) and may customize an ERT (e.g. in the
case of defects or retrofitting),
NOTE 1 A registration authority can assign a new vehicle ID to the vehicle (e.g. when the number on the
chassis has become corrupted). Then it will put that new ID on the chassis and write it in a new ERT (a vehicle
ID can never be overwritten).
⎯ commission themselves as the registration authority for a vehicle,
⎯ authorize other authorities to read the ERI data,
⎯ authorize an ERT holder to grant additional service providers access to ERI data, and which
12 © ISO 2010 – All rights reserved
ISO 24534-4:2010(E)
⎯ which are responsible for the registration of additional vehicle data into an ERT according to local
legislation (see below for details).
NOTE 2 It is expected that the registration authority with respect to the ERI data is the same authority that
keeps the official register in which the vehicle is listed. This is however not required by this part of ISO 24534.
NOTE 3 It is assumed that each vehicle is listed in a register that contains the vehicle identifier and
additional data related to the vehicle. It is implicitly assumed that this register also identifies the one(s)
responsible for the vehicle (e.g. its owner, operator, keeper, lessee, and/or regular driver).
⎯ Certification authorities, which are trusted to create public key certificates (referred to as “certificates” in
this part of ISO 24534). Public key certificates are used to prevent a fraudulent organization from
disguising itself as a manufacturer or registration authority. There are two types of certification authorities:
⎯ one top-level certification authority, and
⎯ zero or more intermediate certification authorities.
NOTE 4 A certification authority will not directly communicate with the ERT. Their certificates are used by
manufacturers and registration authorities.
NOTE 5 With two levels of certification authority, the top-level authority can delegate the distribution of
certificates to an intermediate authority, which is then responsible for creating the certificates for registration
authorities and manufacturers within some region (e.g. the states of the United States or the member states of
the EU).
⎯ Authorities, which are authorized by the registration authority to read the ERI data from a vehicle (e.g.
because they are entitled to do so by virtue of public legislation).
⎯ Additional service providers (public or private), which provide a service that requires an electronic
identification of a vehicle and/or certificated vehicle data. The ERT holder may or may not authorize an
additional service provider to read the vehicle's identifier and the additional vehicle data.
⎯ ERT holders, which are holding the ERT. An ERT holder may e.g. be the holder of the vehicle's
registration number or the owner, operator, or keeper of the vehicle.
Even in cases where confidentiality of the ERI data is supported, the ERT holder is entitled both to read
the ERI in its vehicle and to allow other service providers to read the vehicle identifier. A PIN issued by
the registration authority to the ERT holder provides the required access control for the ERT holder.
NOTE 6 Roles and requirements related to the specification, design and manufacturing (includin
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