EN ISO 15831:2004
(Main)Clothing - Physiological effects - Measurement of thermal insulation by means of a thermal manikin (ISO 15831:2004)
Clothing - Physiological effects - Measurement of thermal insulation by means of a thermal manikin (ISO 15831:2004)
ISO 15831:2004 describes the requirements of the thermal manikin and the test procedure used to measure the thermal insulation of a clothing ensemble, as it becomes effective for the wearer in practical use in a relatively calm environment, with the wearer either standing or moving.
Bekleidung - Physiologische Wirkungen - Messung der Wärmeisolation mittels einer Thermopuppe (ISO 15831:2004)
Diese Internationale Norm legt die Anforderungen an die Thermopuppe und das Prüfverfahren zur Messung der Wärmeisolation einer Bekleidungskombination fest, wie sich diese bei der praktischen Verwendung in einer relativ windstillen Umgebung auf den stehenden oder sich bewegenden Träger auswirkt.
ANMERKUNG Diese Wärmeisolation kann neben anderen Parametern verwendet werden, um die physiologische Wirkung der Bekleidung auf den Träger unter besonderen klimatischen oder Tätigkeitsbedingungen zu bestimmen.
Vêtements - Effets physiologiques - Mesurage de l'isolation thermique à l'aide d'un mannequin thermique (ISO 15831:2004)
L'ISO 15831:2004 décrit les exigences relatives au mannequin thermique ainsi qu'au mode opératoire d'essai permettant de mesurer l'isolation thermique d'une tenue vestimentaire au moment où elle devient efficace pour le porteur au cours d'une utilisation courante dans un environnement relativement calme, le porteur se tenant debout ou étant en mouvement.
Oblačila – Fiziološki učinki – Merjenje toplotne izolacije s preskusom na toplotni lutki (ISO 15831:2004)
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Jan-2004
- Current Stage
- 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
- Start Date
- 30-Apr-2008
- Completion Date
- 30-Apr-2008
Overview
EN ISO 15831:2004 - Clothing: Measurement of thermal insulation by means of a thermal manikin defines requirements and a test procedure for measuring the thermal insulation of clothing ensembles using a thermal manikin. The standard quantifies how clothing, together with the boundary air layer, reduces heat loss from the wearer in a relatively calm environment. Results support physiological assessments of clothing performance for different climate and activity scenarios and can be used for product development, lab testing and regulatory conformity.
Key Topics and Technical Requirements
- Manikin design and segmentation
- Anatomically formed adult manikin with at least 15 independently controlled body segments (head, chest, abdomen, back, buttocks, arms, hands, legs, feet).
- Body height (1.70 ± 0.15) m and surface area (1.7 ± 0.3) m².
- Surface temperature control
- Mean skin surface temperature maintained at 34.0 ± 0.2 °C (area-weighted per segment).
- Segment temperature sensors must not protrude more than 0.5 mm and must be thermally bonded.
- Heating and power measurement
- Each segment equipped with independent heating; power measurement accuracy within ±2 % of average power per segment.
- Movement and resultant insulation
- For resultant thermal insulation (Itr), manikin performs (45 ± 2) double steps/min and (45 ± 2) double arm movements/min.
- Stride length (63 ± 10) cm; arm movement span (53 ± 10) cm.
- Climatic chamber conditions
- Chamber size at least 2 m × 2 m × 2 m.
- Spatial and temporal limits on air temperature, relative humidity and air speed (e.g., air temperature spatial variation ±1.0 °C; temporal ±0.5 °C).
- Air temperature sensors with overall accuracy ±0.15 °C recommended.
- Measurement outputs and models
- Calculates total thermal insulation (It) for stationary manikin and resultant total thermal insulation (Itr) for moving manikin.
- Includes calculation approaches (surface-area weighted/serial and parallel models).
Applications
- Product R&D for thermal clothing, outdoor wear, workwear and protective garments.
- Laboratory testing and quality control of insulation performance.
- Input to physiological models (thermal comfort, heat stress) and environmental/occupational risk assessments.
- Demonstrating conformity with regulatory requirements for protective clothing (supports EU Directive 89/686 as noted in Annex ZA).
Who Uses This Standard
- Textile and protective-clothing manufacturers
- Accredited testing laboratories and certification bodies
- Ergonomists, occupational health specialists, and thermal comfort researchers
- Designers of cold-weather, military, sports and industrial garments
Related Standards
- ISO 15831 was prepared by ISO/TC 38 (Textiles) in collaboration with CEN/TC 162 (Protective clothing) and links to EU Directive 89/686 (PPE) via Annex ZA.
Keywords: EN ISO 15831:2004, thermal manikin, thermal insulation measurement, clothing thermal insulation, physiological effects, climatic chamber, protective clothing testing.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN ISO 15831:2004 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Clothing - Physiological effects - Measurement of thermal insulation by means of a thermal manikin (ISO 15831:2004)". This standard covers: ISO 15831:2004 describes the requirements of the thermal manikin and the test procedure used to measure the thermal insulation of a clothing ensemble, as it becomes effective for the wearer in practical use in a relatively calm environment, with the wearer either standing or moving.
ISO 15831:2004 describes the requirements of the thermal manikin and the test procedure used to measure the thermal insulation of a clothing ensemble, as it becomes effective for the wearer in practical use in a relatively calm environment, with the wearer either standing or moving.
EN ISO 15831:2004 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 61.020 - Clothes. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN ISO 15831:2004 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2016/425, 89/686/EEC, 93/68/EEC, 93/95/EEC, 96/58/EC; Standardization Mandates: M/031. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
You can purchase EN ISO 15831:2004 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2004
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Clothing - Physiological effects - Measurement of thermal insulation by means of a
thermal manikin (ISO 15831:2004)
Bekleidung - Physiologische Wirkungen - Messung der Wärmeisolation mittels einer
Thermopuppe (ISO 15831:2004)
Vetements - Effets physiologiques - Mesurage de l'isolation thermique a l'aide d'un
mannequin thermique (ISO 15831:2004)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 15831:2004
ICS:
61.020 2EODþLOD Clothes
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 15831
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2004
ICS 61.020
English version
Clothing - Physiological effects - Measurement of thermal
insulation by means of a thermal manikin (ISO 15831:2004)
Vêtements - Effets physiologiques - Mesurage de l'isolation Bekleidung - Physiologische Wirkungen - Messung der
thermique à l'aide d'un mannequin thermique (ISO Wärmeisolation mittels einer Thermopuppe (ISO
15831:2004) 15831:2004)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 5 January 2004.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2004 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 15831:2004 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Foreword
This document (EN ISO 15831:2004) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38
"Textiles" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 162 "Protective clothing including
hand and arm protection and lifejackets", the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of
an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2004, and conflicting national
standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by August 2004.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission
and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of
the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 15831:2004 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 15831:2004 without any
modifications.
ANNEX ZA
(informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 89/686
This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association to provide a means of conforming to
Essential Requirements of the New Approach Directive 89/686.
Once this standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Communities under that
Directive and has been implemented as a national standard in at least one Member State,
compliance with the normative clauses of this standard given in Table ZA.1 confers, within the
limits of the scope of this standard, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding Essential
Requirements of that Directive and associated EFTA regulations.
WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives may be applicable to the product(s)
falling within the scope of this standard.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 15831
First edition
2004-02-01
Clothing — Physiological effects —
Measurement of thermal insulation by
means of a thermal manikin
Vêtements — Effets physiologiques — Mesurage de l'isolation
thermique à l'aide d'un mannequin thermique
Reference number
ISO 15831:2004(E)
©
ISO 2004
ISO 15831:2004(E)
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ii © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
ISO 15831:2004(E)
Contents Page
Foreword. iv
1 Scope. 1
2 Terms and definitions. 1
3 Symbols and units . 2
4 Principle . 2
5 Apparatus. 3
5.1 Manikin. 3
5.2 Controlled climatic chamber. 4
6 Selection and preparation of test garments. 5
7 Test procedure . 5
8 Recalibration of the manikin system . 6
9 Calculation of test results . 6
9.1 General. 6
9.2 Serial model — Surface area weighted thermal insulation. 6
9.3 Parallel model — Surface area averaged thermal insulation . 6
10 Precision of results. 7
11 Test report. 7
Annex A (informative) Calculation of test results . 8
Bibliography . 11
ISO 15831:2004(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 15831 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles.
iv © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 15831:2004(E)
Clothing — Physiological effects — Measurement of thermal
insulation by means of a thermal manikin
1 Scope
This International Standard describes the requirements of the thermal manikin and the test procedure used to
measure the thermal insulation of a clothing ensemble, as it becomes effective for the wearer in practical use
in a relatively calm environment, with the wearer either standing or moving.
NOTE This thermal insulation, among other parameters, can be used to determine the physiological effect of clothing
on the wearer in specific climate/activity scenarios.
2 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1
clothing ensemble
group of garments worn together on the body at the same time
2.2
thermal insulation of clothing
temperature difference between the wearer's skin surface and ambient atmosphere divided by the resulting
dry heat flow per unit area in the direction of the temperature gradient where the dry heat flow consists of
conductive, convective and radiant components
NOTE Depending on the end use of the clothing, different thermal insulation values can apply.
2.2.1
total thermal insulation of clothing
I
t
total thermal insulation from skin to ambient atmosphere, including clothing and boundary air layer, under
defined conditions measured with a stationary manikin
2.2.2
resultant total thermal insulation of clothing
I
tr
total thermal insulation from skin to ambient atmosphere, including clothing and boundary air layer, under
defined conditions measured with a manikin moving its legs and arms
ISO 15831:2004(E)
3 Symbols and units
a surface area of the body segment i of the manikin m
i
A total body surface area of the manikin m
f fraction of the total manikin surface area represented by the surface area of segment i
i
H total heating power supplied to the manikin W
c
H heating power supplied to the body segment i of the manikin W
ci
mK
I total thermal insulation of the clothing ensemble with the manikin stationary
t
W
mK
I resultant total thermal insulation of the clothing ensemble with the manikin moving
tr
W
RH relative humidity of the air within the climatic chamber %
T air temperature within the climatic chamber °C
a
T mean skin surface temperature of the manikin °C
s
T skin surface temperature of the body segment i of the manikin °C
si
v air speed in the climatic chamber m/s
a
4 Principle
The components of the clothing ensemble to be tested are placed on the manikin in the same arrangement as
in practical use.
The manikin, in the shape and size of an adult human body and, for the measurement of I , with movable legs
tr
and arms, is internally heated to a constant skin surface temperature, uniform over its body. The manikin is
placed in a climatic chamber where defined air temperature and air speed can be set, and air humidity
controlled.
There will be a dry heat flow from the manikin's skin surface area through the clothing into the ambient air,
which is measured after steady-state conditions have been reached. From this heat flow, related to the nude
manikin's body surface area, the clothing ensemble's thermal insulation can be calculated, considering the
temperature difference between the manikin's skin surface and the ambient air.
The measurement is performed with the manikin stationary and/or moving its legs and arms, with a defined
number of movements per minute and a defined stride length.
The insulation values obtained include the thermal insulation provided by the clothing and the adhering air
layer around the body. They apply only to the particular clothing ensemble, as tested, and to the specific
conditions of the test, particularly with respect to the air movement around the manikin.
2 © ISO 2004 – All rights reserved
ISO 15831:2004(E)
5 Apparatus
5.1 Manikin
5.1.1 Size and shape
The manikin, made from metal or plastic, shall be constructed to simulate the body of an adult human, i.e. it
shall consist of an anatomically formed head, chest, abdomen, back, buttocks, arms, hands (preferably with
fingers extended to allow gloves to be worn), legs and feet. The manikin shall consist of at least 15 body
segments, each independently controlled with regard to surface temperature and monitored for heat flow.
These 15 body segments shall be arranged as shown in Figure 1. If the manikin consists of more than
20 body segments, in the evaluation of the measured data, adjacent segments shall be combined using
Equation (3), in order to approximate the segment arrangement shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1 — Schematic arrangement of the manikin's body segments
The body height of the manikin shall be (1,70 ± 0,15) m, with a body surface area of (1,7 ± 0,3) m .
The manikin's body proportions should correspond to those required for standard sizes of garments, because
deviations in fit will affect the results.
For t
...
La norme SIST EN ISO 15831:2004, intitulée "Vêtements - Effets physiologiques - Mesure de l'isolation thermique au moyen d'un mannequin thermique", présente un cadre rigoureux pour l'évaluation de l'isolation thermique des ensembles vestimentaires. Son domaine d'application est essentiel pour les fabricants de vêtements, car elle définit de manière claire les exigences relatives au mannequin thermique ainsi que la méthode de test utilisée pour mesurer l'isolation thermique. L'une des principales forces de cette norme réside dans sa capacité à simuler des conditions d'utilisation réelles, permettant ainsi d'obtenir des résultats pertinents pour l'utilisateur final. En prenant en compte le comportement du porteur dans un environnement relativement calme, la norme garantit que les résultats reflètent de manière précise les performances thermiques des vêtements dans des situations pratiques. De plus, la norme ISO 15831:2004 contribue significativement à l'harmonisation des méthodes de test au sein de l'industrie textile, facilitant ainsi la comparaison et l'évaluation des différents produits disponibles sur le marché. Cette standardisation est particulièrement pertinente à une époque où les consommateurs deviennent de plus en plus conscients des performances thermiques de leurs vêtements, recherchant non seulement confort, mais aussi efficacité énergétique. En conclusion, la norme SIST EN ISO 15831:2004 joue un rôle crucial dans l'amélioration continue de la qualité des vêtements, en s'assurant que l'isolation thermique soit mesurée avec précision par le biais d'un mannequin thermique. Cela en fait un outil indispensable pour les professionnels du secteur textile soucieux de la conformité et de l'innovation.
SIST EN ISO 15831:2004の標準には、衣服の生理的効果を測定するための明確なガイドラインが定められています。この文書は、熱マネキンを使用して衣服の熱絶縁性を評価するための要件と試験手順を詳細に説明しており、特に静的または動的な状況での着用者に対する実用的な効果を考慮しています。 この標準の強みは、熱マネキンを用いた正確な測定方法にあります。熱マネキンは、着用者の体温調節における衣服の役割を科学的に評価するための理想的な手段を提供します。これにより、衣服が寒冷環境下でどのように機能するかを客観的に理解できるため、製品開発や品質管理において非常に有用です。 さらに、この標準は、衣服の熱絶縁性を測定するための条件が「比較的静かな環境」で行われることを強調しており、正確なデータ収集を可能にします。動的な使用状況を考慮することで、実際の使用に即した評価が行えるため、メーカーは消費者に対して安心して商品を提供することができます。 また、SIST EN ISO 15831:2004は、衣服の設計と性能評価の基準として、アパレル業界における国際的な信頼を築いています。製品評価やマーケティング戦略においても、この標準に基づくデータは信頼性が高く、消費者の選択をサポートする重要な要素となります。 このように、SIST EN ISO 15831:2004は、衣服の thermal insulation（熱絶縁性）を評価する上で不可欠な標準であり、その適用範囲、実用性、そして業界の支持を受けた信頼性は、現在の衣料品市場において非常に重要な位置を占めています。
The EN ISO 15831:2004 standard provides comprehensive guidelines for evaluating the thermal insulation properties of clothing through the use of a thermal manikin. This standard is particularly relevant in assessing how clothing ensembles perform under real-world conditions in a relatively calm environment. One of the significant strengths of this standard is its focus on the physiological effects of clothing, emphasizing how thermal insulation directly impacts the wearer’s comfort and thermal regulation. By utilizing a thermal manikin, the standard allows for a systematic approach to measuring thermal insulation, ensuring that results are consistent and replicable. This aspect is crucial for manufacturers aiming to design clothing that meets high-performance criteria in thermal management. Furthermore, the requirement for the thermal manikin to be used in both standing and moving positions adds to the standard's robustness. It accounts for the various scenarios in which clothing is utilized, thus providing a holistic understanding of the thermal performance in practical situations. Additionally, the methodology outlined in the EN ISO 15831:2004 aids in creating a standardized reference point for the industry. This ensures that different manufacturers can compare thermal insulation values across their products, enhancing transparency and informed decision-making for consumers. In summary, the EN ISO 15831:2004 standard is an essential reference for the clothing industry, offering a detailed and practical framework for measuring thermal insulation. Its strengths lie in its rigorous approach to assessing physiological impacts and its comprehensive testing conditions, reinforcing its relevance in the ongoing quest for clothing that effectively manages thermal comfort.
표준 EN ISO 15831:2004는 의류의 생리학적 효과를 측정하기 위한 중요한 기준을 제시합니다. 이 표준은 복장 조합의 열적 단열 성능을 평가하기 위해 열 인형을 사용한 테스트 절차와 요건을 상세히 설명하고 있습니다. 특히, 상대적으로 조용한 환경에서 착용자가 서거나 움직일 때 실제 사용 조건에서 효과적인 단열 성능을 측정할 수 있도록 돕습니다. 이 표준의 주요 강점 중 하나는 열 인형을 사용하여 인체의 열적 반응을 보다 정확하게 재현할 수 있다는 점입니다. 이를 통해 의류의 단열 성능에 대한 신뢰할 수 있는 데이터를 제공하며, 제조업체와 소비자 모두에게 중요한 정보를 제공합니다. 또한, ISO 15831:2004는 표준화된 방법론을 통해 다양한 의류 유형에 대한 비교 분석을 가능하게 하며, 이는 제품 개발과 디자인 개선을 위한 기초 자료로 활용될 수 있습니다. 표준의 범위는 의류 산업에서 필수적인 요소인 열적 단열 성능의 객관적인 평가를 제공하므로, 관련 업계에서의 활용 가능성이 매우 높습니다. 따라서, EN ISO 15831:2004는 의류의 생리학적 효과를 평가하는 데 있어 필수적인 기준으로 자리잡고 있으며, 소비자와 생산자가 믿을 수 있는 선택을 하는 데 기여할 것입니다. 이러한 이유로 ISO 15831:2004는 의류 품질 관리 및 개발에 있어 매우 중요한 기준으로 평가받고 있습니다.
Der Standard EN ISO 15831:2004 definiert die Anforderungen an ein thermisches Manikin und das Testverfahren zur Messung der Wärmedämmung eines Bekleidungsensembles. Diese Norm ist von hoher Relevanz für die Bekleidungsindustrie, da sie präzise Messmethoden bereitstellt, die es ermöglichen, die thermophysiologischen Eigenschaften von Textilien zu evaluieren und zu vergleichen. Eine der größten Stärken dieses Standards liegt in der detaillierten Beschreibung des Testablaufs, der sowohl für stehende als auch für sich bewegende Träger anwendbar ist. Dadurch wird sichergestellt, dass die Ergebnisse realitätsnah sind und eine akkurate Einschätzung der Wärmeisolierung in praktischen Anwendungen ermöglichen. Diese Aspekte sind entscheidend für die Entwicklung von Bekleidung, die sowohl funktional als auch komfortabel ist, vor allem in Bezug auf wechselnde klimatische Bedingungen. Der Standard behandelt auch die Anforderungen an das thermische Manikin, was die Qualität und Konsistenz der Testergebnisse fördert. Durch die Festlegung von spezifischen Kriterien für die Testergebnisse ermöglicht die Norm den Herstellern, ihre Produkte effektiver zu bewerten und zu optimieren. Dies trägt nicht nur zur Verbesserung der Produktqualität bei, sondern fördert auch das Vertrauen der Verbraucher in die thermophysiologischen Eigenschaften der Bekleidung. Insgesamt bietet der EN ISO 15831:2004 Standard einen wichtigen Rahmen für die Messung der Wärmedämmung von Bekleidung und ist ein unverzichtbares Instrument für Unternehmen, die in der Textilindustrie tätig sind. Die Relevanz dieses Standards wird auch durch den wachsenden Fokus auf nachhaltige und funktionale Mode unterstrichen, was seine Anwendung und Bedeutung in der Branche weiterhin verstärkt.
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