EN ISO 5157:2023
(Main)Textiles - Environmental aspects - Vocabulary (ISO 5157:2023)
Textiles - Environmental aspects - Vocabulary (ISO 5157:2023)
This document provides general terms and definitions used in the textile value chain related to environmental and circular economy aspects including design, production, retail, use and reuse, recycling processes, repair and disposal.
Textilien - Umweltaspekte - Begriffe (ISO 5157:2023)
Dieses Dokument enthält allgemeine Begriffe und Definitionen, die in der textilen Wertschöpfungskette bezüglich Umweltaspekten und Aspekten zur Kreislaufwirtschaft verwendet werden, einschließlich Auslegung, Produktion, Einzelhandel, Verwendung und Wiederverwendung, Recyclingprozesse, Reparatur und Entsorgung.
Textiles - Aspects environnementaux - Vocabulaire (ISO 5157:2023)
Le présent document fournit des termes et définitions généraux utilisés dans la chaîne de valeur textile en rapport avec les aspects environnementaux et l’économie circulaire, notamment la conception, la production, la vente au détail, l’utilisation et la réutilisation, les procédés de recyclage, la réparation et l’élimination.
Tekstilije - Okoljski vidiki - Slovar (ISO 5157:2023)
Ta dokument določa splošne izraze in definicije, ki se uporabljajo v tekstilni vrednostni verigi v zvezi z okoljskimi vidiki ter vidiki krožnega gospodarstva, vključno z načrtovanjem, proizvodnjo, prodajo, uporabo in vnovično uporabo, recikliranjem, popravili ter odlaganjem.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2023
Tekstilije - Okoljski vidiki - Slovar (ISO 5157:2023)
Textiles - Environmental aspects - Vocabulary (ISO 5157:2023)
Textilien - Umweltaspekte - Vokabular (ISO 5157:2023)
Textiles - Aspects environnementaux - Vocabulaire (ISO 5157:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 5157:2023
ICS:
01.040.13 Okolje. Varovanje zdravja. Environment. Health
Varnost (Slovarji) protection. Safety
(Vocabularies)
01.040.59 Tekstilna in usnjarska Textile and leather
tehnologija (Slovarji) technology (Vocabularies)
13.020.01 Okolje in varstvo okolja na Environment and
splošno environmental protection in
general
59.020 Postopki v tekstilni industriji Processes of the textile
industry
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 5157
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 01.040.13; 01.040.59; 13.020.01; 59.020
English Version
Textiles - Environmental aspects - Vocabulary (ISO
5157:2023)
Textiles - Aspects environnementaux - Vocabulaire Textilien - Umweltaspekte - Vokabular (ISO
(ISO 5157:2023) 5157:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 August 2023.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
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United Kingdom.
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COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 5157:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 5157:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38 "Textiles" in
collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 248 “Textiles and textile products” the secretariat of
which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2024, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2024.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 5157:2023 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 5157:2023 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 5157
First edition
2023-09
Textiles — Environmental aspects —
Vocabulary
Textiles — Aspects environnementaux — Vocabulaire
Reference number
ISO 5157:2023(E)
ISO 5157:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
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Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 5157:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
3.1 Terms related to textiles . 1
3.1.1 General . 1
3.1.2 Terms related to natural fibre . 3
3.1.3 Terms related to man-made fibre . 4
3.1.4 Terms related to chemical aspects . 5
3.2 Terms related to environmental aspects and circular economy . 6
3.2.1 General . 6
3.2.2 Terms related to circular economy . 7
3.2.3 Terms related to life cycle assessment (LCA) . 10
3.2.4 Terms related to traceability .12
3.2.5 Terms related to organic sourcing . 13
3.2.6 Terms related to material recovery and recycling . 14
3.2.7 Terms related to end-of-life . 19
Bibliography .22
Index .25
iii
ISO 5157:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO document should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 38, Textiles, in collaboration with the
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products, in accordance with the Agreement on technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna
Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO 5157:2023(E)
Introduction
To date, the terminology regarding environmental aspects used in the textile industry has not been
standardized, causing confusion, ineffectiveness and worst case hindering sustainable practices in
the textile sector. The global nature of the textile industry highlights the need for global as well as
national standards, enabling a common understanding and facilitate trade. A common vocabulary can
serve to reduce the risk of greenwashing, bringing value for actors aiming to be transparent as well
as facilitating the development of trust among consumers. Stakeholders will benefit from a common
terminology for addressing issues related to environmental aspects of textile products and processes.
This document contains definitions of terms widely used in the textile value chain in reference to
environmental aspects. ISO Guide 82 has been taken into consideration when addressing sustainability
in this document.
This document is applicable to all stakeholders in the textile value chain regardless of size and location.
The aim of this document is to enable future standardization work related to environmental
sustainability in the textile value chain.
The list of terms is wide but not exhaustive. Definitions are as far as possible adapted from existing
standards but when the intention or definition is unclear additional context or definitions are updated
or added.
v
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 5157:2023(E)
Textiles — Environmental aspects — Vocabulary
1 Scope
This document provides general terms and definitions used in the textile value chain related to
environmental and circular economy aspects including design, production, retail, use and reuse,
recycling processes, repair and disposal.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms related to textiles
3.1.1 General
3.1.1.1
biodegradable material
material capable of undergoing biological aerobic or anaerobic degradation (3.2.7.5) during a fixed
period leading to a release of carbon dioxide and/or biogas and biomass (3.1.2.4), depending on the
environmental conditions of the process
Note 1 to entry: Some countries have laws or regulations about claims using “biodegradable”.
3.1.1.2
blended fabric
fabric produced with a combination of two or more types of different textile fibres (3.1.1.12), or yarns
3.1.1.3
fibre composition
amount of fibre (s) used in making a textile product
Note 1 to entry: Fibre composition is expressed by mass percentage.
3.1.1.4
fibre shedding
mechanical, biological, chemical and photochemical or any other process
Note 1 to entry: Other process includes production and use, dyeing, washing, drying, ageing, etc.
3.1.1.5
monomer
chemical compound, usually of low molecular mass, that can be converted into a polymer by combining
it with itself or with other chemical compounds
[SOURCE: ISO 472:2013, 2.624]
ISO 5157:2023(E)
3.1.1.6
mono material textile
textiles made of textile fibres (3.1.1.12) which is only composed of single type of chemical composition
EXAMPLE A woven fabric made of 100 % cotton yarn.
Note 1 to entry: One fibre type can consist of different chemical compositions. For example, polyamide-6 is a
different material than polyamide-6.6.
3.1.1.7
mono material textiles product
textile product (3.1.1.13) made of textile fibres (3.1.1.12) and other components, which is only composed
of single type of chemical composition
Note 1 to entry: Any additional chemicals (such as dyes or finishes) do not change the mono material textile
product.
3.1.1.8
multi material textile
textiles made of textile fibres (3.1.1.12) or materials made from more than one chemical composition
EXAMPLE 1 Bi-component fibres are a multi material textile.
EXAMPLE 2 Multi material textiles are e.g. intimate blend of polyester and cotton fibre, different fibres in
warp and weft or a polyurethane coated polyester fabric.
3.1.1.9
multi material textiles product
textile product (3.1.1.13) made of textile fibres (3.1.1.12) and other components consisting of materials
made from more than one chemical composition
EXAMPLE A jacket containing a pure cotton fabric, with a polyester sewing thread, a zipper with a polyester
fabric and a polyoxymethylene hard parts (teeth, stoppers, and puller), a polyester woven label and metal press
buttons.
Note 1 to entry: Any additional chemicals (such as dyes or finishes) do not change the multi material textile
product.
3.1.1.10
primary material
virgin raw material
material which has never been processed into any form of end-use product
3.1.1.11
recycled fibre
non-virgin fibre
fibre that has been obtained from or processed through a recycling (3.2.6.32) process
Note 1 to entry: Claims of recycled fibre should only be made if the amount of recycled content (3.2.6.29) is stated
and verified by a third-party chain of custody (3.2.4.4) certification.
3.1.1.12
textile fibre
unit of matter characterized by its flexibility, fineness and high ratio of length to maximum transverse
dimension, which render it suitable for textile applications
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 23383:2020, 3.1]
ISO 5157:2023(E)
3.1.1.13
textile product
product made mainly of textile fibres (3.1.1.12), yarns and/or fabrics and intended to be used, as such or
in conjunction with other textile or non-textile elements
Note 1 to entry: These articles can contain non-textile parts, such as plastics (e.g. buttons and membrane or
coatings) or metals.
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 23383:2020, 3.2, modified — "mainly" and Note 1 to entry has been added]
3.1.2 Terms related to natural fibre
3.1.2.1
bio-based
derived from biomass (3.1.2.4)
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2022, 3.23]
3.1.2.2
bio-based content
fraction of a product that is derived from biomass (3.1.2.4)
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2022, 3.24, modified — "fuel" has been replaced with "product"]
3.1.2.3
bio-based product
product wholly or partly derived from biomass (3.1.2.4)
Note 1 to entry: The bio-based product is typically characterized by the bio-based (3.1.2.1) carbon content or the
bio-based content (3.1.2.2).
Note 2 to entry: Documentation proving source of material, either through traceability from the producer or
from testing, is necessary and has been found suitable.
[SOURCE: ISO 16559:2022, 3.25, modified — Note 2 to entry has been added]
3.1.2.4
biomass
material of biological origin, excluding material embedded in geological formations or transformed to
fossilized material and excluding peat
Note 1 to entry: This includes organic material (both living and dead) from above and below ground, e.g. trees,
crops, grasses, tree litter, algae, animals and waste (3.2.7.15) of biological origin, e.g. manure.
[SOURCE: ISO 14021:2016, 3.1.1]
3.1.2.5
natural fibre
fibre which occurs in nature
Note 1 to entry: Natural fibres can be categorized according to their origin into animal, vegetable and mineral
fibre.
[SOURCE: ISO 6938:2012, 2.1, modified – Second part of the definition given as Note 1 to entry]
3.1.2.6
natural polymer
biopolymer
polymer obtained from biomass (3.1.2.4), in which the polymer retains the original chemical structure
and composition present in biomass (i.e. starch, cellulose, lignin or lignocellulose)
[SOURCE: ISO 16620-1:2015, 3.1.7, modified — biopolymer has been added as synonym]
ISO 5157:2023(E)
3.1.2.7
organic fibre
natural fibres (3.1.2.5) grown according to the principles of organic agriculture (3.2.5.4)
Note 1 to entry: The farm needs certification to comply with USDA National Organic Program (NOP), Regulation
(EC) 834/2007 & EU 2018/848, or any other organic standard that is approved in the IFOAM Family of Standards.
Note 2 to entry: Principles of organic agriculture (3.2.5.4) include avoiding or growing without the use of synthetic
pesticides, insecticides, or herbicides and GMOs (3.2.5.1).
3.1.3 Terms related to man-made fibre
3.1.3.1
artificial fibre
manufactured fibre made by transformation of natural polymers (3.1.2.6)
Note 1 to entry: Artificial fibres are made of macromolecular material existing in nature.
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 11827:2012, 4.2.1, modified — Additional information has been moved to a Note to
entry]
3.1.3.2
man-made fibre
fibre obtained by a manufacturing process
Note 1 to entry: The term “chemically manufactured” fibre can be named “manufactured” fibre or “chemical”
fibre.
[SOURCE: ISO 2076:2021, 3.1]
3.1.3.3
microfibre
fibre with linear density less than 1 dtex or a diameter less than 10μm
3.1.3.4
microplastics
MP
material consisting of a solid polymer containing particles, to which additives or other substances may
have been added, and where ≥ 1 % w/w particles have:
a) all sizes 100 nm ≤ x ≤ 5 mm; or
b) for fibres, a length of 300 nm ≤ x ≤ 15 mm and a length/diameter ratio >3.
Note 1 to entry: Natural polymers (3.1.2.6) are excluded (e.g. wool, cotton, silk) as are polymers that are (bio)
degradable. Alignment with other textile standards on microplastics.
[46]
[SOURCE: ECHA - ANNEX XV Restriction Report - Microplastics, 22 August 2019, par 1.2.2.1,
modified on lower size recommended dimensions, by Commission Recommendation C/2022/3689 of
10 June 2022 on the definition of nanomaterial (OJ C 229, 14.6.2022, p. 1) and Note 1 to entry added]
3.1.3.5
regenerated fibre
fibres produced from naturally occurring polymers of cellulose or protein, where processing by
dissolution is needed to convert them into fibre form
3.1.3.6
synthetic fibre
manufactured fibre made from synthetic polymers
Note 1 to entry: Synthetic fibres are made of macromolecular material which has been chemically synthesised.
ISO 5157:2023(E)
[SOURCE: ISO/TR 11827:2012, 4.2.2, modified — Additional information has been moved to a Note to
entry]
3.1.4 Terms related to chemical aspects
3.1.4.1
chemical content
presence of chemical substances in textiles and textile products (3.1.1.13)
Note 1 to entry: Chemical content includes residues from process chemicals, chemical substances added for
function (finishes, pigment, softeners, water repellents, etc.) and chemicals used during transport, storage etc.
3.1.4.2
contaminant
substance or material whose inclusion complicates its processing, transport, sale, use or recovery
Note 1 to entry: The term “impurity” is a deprecated synonym of contaminant and should not be used.
Note 2 to entry: A contaminant may or may not be harmful to health or it may simply make something impure
Note 3 to entry: An intentionally added substance can become an unwanted substance at a different stage for
example in recycling
3.1.4.3
contaminated textile
textile material containing unwanted substances not deliberately added
Note 1 to entry: Unwanted substances are, for example, chemical residues from production processes, exposure
to chemicals during transport, contamination from use, contamination from mould, etc.
3.1.4.4
dilution effect
result of reducing the chemical content (3.1.4.1) in an individual textile by increasing the
solvent amount
3.1.4.5
manufacturing restricted substances list
MRSL
list of chemical substances which are banned from intentional use for the production of textiles
3.1.4.6
pollutant
substance which either alone or in combination with other substances or through its products of
degradation (3.2.7.5) or emissions can have a harmful effect on human health or the environment
[SOURCE: ISO 20670:2018, 3.51]
3.1.4.7
restricted chemical
chemical which has been banned or otherwise restricted
Note 1 to entry: The ban or the restriction can be by legislation or by private organisations.
Note 2 to entry: The restricted chemical is related to its use and/or presence in textile products (3.1.1.13) or
processes.
ISO 5157:2023(E)
3.1.4.8
substance free
claim made when the level of the specified substance is no more than that which would be found as an
acknowledged trace contaminant (3.1.4.2) or background level
EXAMPLE Common statements of substance free are "Ni free", "azo free", "phthalate free", "PFAS free" or
"PFC free".
Note 1 to entry: For insights to self-declared environmental claims and any explanatory statements, see
requirements provided in ISO 14021:2016, 5.7.
Note 2 to entry: Substance X”-free is not relevant when it is no longer used or has never been used in the specific
textile products (3.1.1.13) by any company.
[SOURCE: ISO 14021:2016, 5.4, modified — the term “free” has been removed]
3.2 Terms related to environmental aspects and circular economy
3.2.1 General
3.2.1.1
ecodesign
integration of environmental aspects (3.2.3.6) into product design and development, with the aim of
reducing adverse environmental impacts (3.2.3.7) throughout a product's life cycle (3.2.3.9)
Note 1 to entry: Other terminology used worldwide includes Environmentally Conscious Design (ECD), Design
For Environment (DFE), green design and environmentally sustainable design.
Note 2 to entry: Design for recycling (3.2.6.32) and design for durability (3.2.2.8) cover some of the aspects
covered by ecodesign.
[SOURCE: ISO 14006:2011, 3.2.2, modified — Note 2 to entry has been added]
3.2.1.2
extended producer responsibility
EPR
environmental policy approach in which a producer’s responsibility for a product is extended to the
post-consumer stage of a product’s life cycle (3.2.3.9)
Note 1 to entry: An EPR policy is characterized by:
a) the shifting of responsibility (physically and/or economically; fully or partially) upstream towards the
producer and away from government or municipalities;
b) the provision of incentives to producers to take into account environmental considerations when designing
their products.
Note 2 to entry: An EPR can be only financial or can be financial and operational depending on national laws.
[SOURCE: ISO 24161:2022, 3.1.1.2]
3.2.1.3
greenwashing
unsubstantiated or misleading claim about the positive or negative environmental aspects (3.2.3.6) of a
product, service, technology or company practice
[SOURCE: EN 17615:2022, 3.122]
ISO 5157:2023(E)
3.2.2 Terms related to circular economy
3.2.2.1
biological cycle
cycle(s) through which biological nutrients are restored into the biosphere in a way that rebuilds
ecosystem resilience and natural capital and enables the regrowth of renewable resources (3.2.3.14)
Note 1 to entry: Such cycles can involve, at various stages, cascading, composting, anaerobic digestion or the
extraction of bio-chemicals.
Note 2 to entry: Natural capital refers to the renewable (3.2.2.13) and non-renewable (3.2.2.9) natural resources
(e.g., plants, animals, air, water, soils, minerals) that combine to yield a flow of benefits to people, including various
ecosystem services such as production oxygen, capturing carbon dioxide, purifying water, nutrient cycling, etc.
Note 3 to entry: The biological and technical cycles (3.2.2.18) can be seen as loops into the complex system of
resources flowing through the economy
Note 4 to entry: The biological cycle is not related to the nature of the material, for example natural, manmade or
synthetic.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 59004, 3.1.21, modified — Note 4 has been added]
3.2.2.2
circular economy
economic system that uses a systemic approach to maintain a circular flow of resources (3.2.2.3), by
recovering, retaining or adding to their value, while contributing to sustainable development
Note 1 to entry: Resources can be considered concerning both stocks and flows.
Note 2 to entry: From a sustainable development perspective, the inflow of virgin resources is kept as low as
possible, and the circular flow of resources is kept as closed as possible to minimize emissions and losses (waste)
(of resources) from the economic system.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 59004:—, 3.1.1]
3.2.2.3
circular flow of resources
systematic cycling of the provision and use of resources within technical or biological cycles (3.2.2.1)
Note 1 to entry: Resources can be considered concerning both stocks and flows.
Note 2 to entry: The biological and technical cycles (3.2.2.18) represent feedback loops into the complex system
of resource flows in the economy.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 59004:—, 3.1.6]
3.2.2.4
closed loop in production processes
reuse (3.2.2.16) of a process chemical for its original purpose
3.2.2.5
design for recyclability
construction and design of a textile product (3.1.1.13) using choices that will facilitates recycling of the
product after its initial service lifespan
Note 1 to entry: Some choices that can enhance recyclability (3.2.6.28) include using a single mono material
textile or designing for disassembly (3.2.6.9).
Note 2 to entry: design can include facilitating tracking or tracing of components.
3.2.2.6
design for remake
construction and design of a textile product (3.1.1.13), with the plan to remake (3.2.2.11) the article
after the initial service lifetime
ISO 5157:2023(E)
3.2.2.7
design for repairability
construction and design of a textile product (3.1.1.13) using choices that will facilitate ease of repair
(3.2.2.14) by the end user during the product’s lifespan
Note 1 to entry: Some choices that can improve repairability (3.2.2.15) include providing extra buttons or trims
and making seams and hems with larger allowances.
3.2.2.8
durability
ability of a textile product (3.1.1.13) to retain its required properties in specified conditions for an
intended lifespan
Note 1 to entry: The durability of textile articles only takes into account their physical, objective and quantifiable
characteristics (intrinsic properties, functionalities, etc.) and excludes the emotional or subjective and difficult
to quantify aspects.
Note 2 to entry: Lifespan is for a given number of cleaning cycles or time period.
[SOURCE: EN 17615:2022, 3.94, modified — “textile” and “intended lifespan” have been added, Note 1 to
entry has been deleted and replace by new Note 1 to entry and Note 2 to entry]
3.2.2.9
non-renewable resource
resource that exists in a limited amount that cannot be naturally regenerated within a foreseeable time
frame
Note 1 to entry: Resources that are derived from activities that occur only in the technosphere such as recycling
(3.2.6.32) are not considered renewable resources (3.2.3.14).
[SOURCE: ISO 21930:2017, 3.6.3, modified — The reference to ‘replenished or cleansed on a human time
scale’ has been replaced by ‘regenerated within a foreseeable time frame,’ Note 1 to entry has been
clarified and Notes 2 and 3 to entry have been deleted]
3.2.2.10
redesign
design of a product based on an existing product design to improve targeted characteristics of the
product
Note 1 to entry: Examples of targeted characteristics include reducing the use of raw materials, enhancing
the recycled content (3.2.6.29), reducing the use of hazardous substances, energy saving, improving material,
recyclability (3.2.6.28), etc.
[SOURCE: ISO 14009:2020, 3.2.2]
3.2.2.11
remake
refashion
disassemble and partially or entirely reassemble used or unsold textile products (3.1.1.13) into new
products
Note 1 to entry: Remake also includes replacement of a damaged component which cannot be repaired.
Note 2 to entry: Remake aims to make a new or different version/form of a product.
3.2.2.12
remanufacturing
industrial process by which an item is returned to original condition from both a quality and
performance perspective
Note 1 to entry: The item can be previously sold, leased, used, worn, remanufactured, or non-functional product
or part.
ISO 5157:2023(E)
Note 2 to entry: Remanufactured condition can be described as like-new, same-as-when-new, or better-than-
when-new.
3.2.2.13
renewable
replenishable naturally at source at a rate at least the same as consumption
Note 1 to entry: This can apply to materials and energy.
[SOURCE: ISO 8887-1:2017, 3.1.7]
3.2.2.14
repair
action to restore a product to a condition needed for the product to function according to its original
purpose
Note 1 to entry: Actions can include renewal or replacement of worn, damaged, or degraded parts of the product.
Note 2 to entry: Regular maintenance, for example washing or re-applying finishings, is excluded from this
definition.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 59004:—, 3.5.17, modified — Note 2 to entry has been added]
3.2.2.15
repairability
characteristic of a textile product (3.1.1.13) that allows all or some of its parts to be separately repaired
or replaced without having to replace the entire product
Note 1 to entry: The access to spare parts and/or the simplicity to disassemble and replace or fix damaged parts
of the product affects the repairability.
3.2.2.16
reuse
utilization of a product after its initial utilization intended by the original design
Note 1 to entry: Utilization intended by design can involve either single-use or multiple-uses over time.
Note 2 to entry: Minor treatment of the product, e.g. cleaning, refreshing of colour and function may be needed by
the user to allow for reuse.
Note 3 to entry: One part of the product can be reused if this part is in good condition for using.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 59004:—, 3.5.15, modified — “e.g. cleaning” has been added to Note 2 to entry, Note
3 to entry has been removed]
3.2.2.17
second hand goods
goods or components/parts that have been used and that are re-entering a market for sale, lease or use
by a second user or an end user
[SOURCE: ISO 20245:2017, 3.7, modified — definition slightly altered and Note 1 to entry removed]
3.2.2.18
technical cycle
cycle(s) within the economic system through which resources are used, recovered, restored, and
utilized within existing or new products
Note 1 to entry: Resources flow into and within a technical cycle, which involves activities like sharing,
maintenance, reuse (3.2.2.16), repair (3.2.2.14), remanufacturing (3.2.2.12) and recycling (3.2.6.32).
Note 2 to entry: The technical and biological cycles (3.2.2.1) can be seen as loops into the complex system of
resources flowing through the economy.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 59004:—, 3.1.20, modified — Note 3 to entry has been added]
ISO 5157:2023(E)
3.2.3 Terms related to life cycle assessment (LCA)
3.2.3.1
by-product
co-product from a process that is incidental or not intentionally produced and which cannot be avoided
Note 1 to entry: Waste (3.2.7.15) is not a by-product.
[SOURCE: ISO 21930:2017, 3.4.7]
3.2.3.2
carbon footprint of a product
CFP
sum of GHG emissions and GHG removals in a product system, expressed as CO equivalents and based
on a life cycle assessment (3.2.3.10) using the single impact category of climate change
Note 1 to entry: A CFP can be disaggregated into a set of figures identifying specific GHG emissions and removals
(see ISO 14067:2018, Table 1). A CFP can also be disaggregated into the stages of the life cycle.
Note 2 to entry: The results of the quantification of the CFP are documented in the CFP study report expressed in
mass of CO e per functional unit.
[SOURCE: ISO 14067:2018, 3.1.1.1]
3.2.3.3
cradle to gate
description of a portion of product life cycle (3.2.3.9), which begins with raw material acquisition or
generation from natural resources and extends through the end of that stage or any other in the product
system, such as transportation or manufacturing, that ends before beginning of final disposal (3.2.7.8)
stage
Note 1 to entry: The definition is based on LCA practice as outlined in ISO 14040:2006/ISO 14044:2006.
3.2.3.4
cradle-to-grave
description of product life cycle (3.2.3.9), which begins with raw material acquisition or generation from
natural resources and extends through the final disposal (3.2.7.8)
Note 1 to entry: The definition is based on LCA practice as outlined in ISO 14040:2006/ISO 14044:2006.
3.2.3.5
end-of-life
stage which begins when the used product is ready for disposal, recycling (3.2.6.32), reuse (3.2.2.16),
etc. and ends when the product is returned to nature (combustion, deterioration), or is recycled or
reused
Note 1 to entry: The end-of-life of a textile material occurs at the end of its useful life when it can no longer be
reused (3.2.2.16), reprocessed nor recycled.
[SOURCE: ISO 16759:2013, 3.3.3]
3.2.3.6
environmental aspect
element of an organization’s activities or products or services that interacts or can interact with the
environment
Note 1 to entry: An environmental aspect can relate to past, present and future activities, products and services.
[SOURCE: ISO 14015:2022, 3.10]
ISO 5157:2023(E)
3.2.3.7
environmental impact
change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, including possible consequences, wholly or
partially resulting from an organization’s environmental aspects (3.2.3.6)
[SOURCE: ISO 14015:2022, 3.12]
3.2.3.8
input
product, material or energy flow that enters a unit process
Note 1 to entry: Products and materials include raw materials, intermediate products and co-products.
Note 2 to entry: Input includes reused (3.2.2.16), reprocessed and recycled materials (3.2.6.30) or products and
can occur at any stage of the value chain (3.2.4.9).
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.21 modified — Note 2 to entry has been added]
3.2.3.9
life cycle
consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition or generation
from natural resources to final disposal (3.2.7.8)
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.1]
3.2.3.10
life cycle assessment
LCA
compilation and evaluation of the inputs (3.2.3.8), outputs (3.2.3.13) and the potential environmental
impacts (3.2.3.7) of a product system throughout its life cycle (3.2.3.9)
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.2]
3.2.3.11
life span
expected time of a product's serviceable use or period of use
[SOURCE: ISO 20294:2018, 3.3.14, modified — Note 1 to entry has been removed]
3.2.3.12
mass balance model
chain of custody (3.2.4.4) model in which materials or products with a set of specified characteristics
are mixed according to defined criteria with materials or products without that set of characteristics
Note 1 to entry: The proportion of the input (3.2.3.8) with specified characteristics might only match the initial
proportions on average and will typically vary across different outputs (3.2.3.13).
[SOURCE: ISO 22095:2020, 3.3.4]
3.2.3.13
output
product, material or energy flow that leaves a unit process
Note 1 to entry: Products and materials include raw materials, intermediate products, co-products and releases.
Note 2 to entry: Output includes reused (3.2.2.16), reprocessed and recycled materials (3.2.6.30) or products and
can occur at any stage of the value chain (3.2.4.9).
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.25, modified — Note 2 to entry has been added]
ISO 5157:2023(E)
3.2.3.14
renewable resource
resource that can be naturally or artificially grown or regenerated using processes found in nature
within a foreseeable time frame
Note 1 to entry: Note 1 to entry: A renewable resource is capable of being exhausted but can be regrown or
regenerated indefinitely with proper stewardship.
[SOURCE: ISO/DIS 59004, 3.3.6, modified — "in a manner consistent with sustainable development"
removed]
3.2.4 Terms related to traceability
3.2.4.1
audit
systematic, independent and documented process for obtaining evidence and evaluating it objectively
to determine the extent to which audit criteria (3.2.4.2) are fulfilled
[SOURCE: ISO 20252:2012, 2.5]
3.2.4.2
audit criteria
set of policies, procedures or requirements used as a reference
[SOURCE: ISO 20252:2012, 2.6]
3.2.4.3
certification body
body that conducts certification of conformity
[SOURCE: ISO 30003:2009, 3.1]
3.2.4.4
chain of custody
process by which inputs (3.2.3.8) and outputs (3.2.3.13) and associated information are transferred,
monitored and controlled as they move through each step in the relevant supply chain (3.2.4.5)
[SOURCE: ISO 22095:2020, 3.1.1]
3.2.4.5
supply chain
series of interlinked processes or activities that includes the sourcing of raw material and extends
through the manufacturing, processing, handling, and delivery, collection (3.2.6.7) and reuse (3.2.2.16),
repair (3.2.2.14), remanufacturing, refurbishing, repurposing of goods and related services including
waste (3.2.7.15) management and end-of-life (3.2.3.5) operations
[SOURCE: ISO 28001:2007, 3.24, modified — Minor adjustments in definition and Note 1 to entry has
been removed]
3.2.4.6
third-party certification
certification provided by a person or body that is recognized as being independent of the parties
involved as concerns the certification
[SOURCE: ISO 12576-1:2001, 3.26]
ISO 5157:2023(E)
3.2.4.7
transaction certificate
document issued by a certification body (3.2.4.3) that verifies that products being sold or shipped from
one organization to another conform to a given normative document and may be treated as claimed
materials by the receiver
[47]
[SOURCE: Textile Exchange, Policy for issuing Transaction Certificates, modified — definition
slightly modified]
3.2.4.8
transparency
open, comprehensive and understandable presentation of information
[SOURCE: ISO 14040:2006, 3.7]
3.2.4.9
value chain
entire sequence of activities or parties that create or receive value through the provision of a product
or service
Note 1 to entry: In this document, value chain is regarded as a broader concept than supply chain (3.2.4.5). The
supply chain is a part of the value chain, but the value chain can also include other parties not directly involved
in the supply chain.
[SOURCE: ISO 14006:2020, 3.3.6, modified — “or service” has been added]
3.2.5 Terms related to organic sourcing
3.2.5.1
genetically modified organism
GMO
organism in which the genetic material has been changed through modern biotechnology in a way that
does not occur naturally by multiplication and/or natural recombination
[SOURCE: ISO 16577:2016, 3.73]
3.2.5.2
GMO free
contains no genetically modified organisms (3.2.5.1)
3.2.5.3
in-conversion
transitional
establishment of an organic management system and building of soil fertility requires an interim
period, known as the conversion period
Note 1 to entry: While the conversion period may not always be of sufficient duration to improve soil fertility and
for re-establishing the balance of the ecosystem, it is the period in which all the actions required to reach these
goals are started.
[52]
[SOURCE: Textile Exchange, Organic Cotton Standard ]
ISO 5157:2023(E)
3.2.5.4
organic agriculture
holistic production management system which promotes and enhances agro-ecosystem health,
including biodiversity, biological cycles (3.
...
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