EN 15110:2006
(Main)Water quality - Guidance standard for the sampling of zooplankton from standing waters
Water quality - Guidance standard for the sampling of zooplankton from standing waters
This guidance standard describes general procedures for surveying zooplankton in standing waters for the purposes of water quality assessment and determination of ecological status.
Guidance on sampling procedures and the subsequent steps for preservation and storage are given. The sampling procedures provide estimate for species occurrence and their abundance (relative or absolute), including spatial distribution and temporal trends, for a given body of water. Calculation of biomass and production is made possible.
This method is restricted to the sampling of multicellular zooplankton that inhabit the pelagic and littoral regions of lakes, reservoirs and ponds. The sampling procedure may be also employed in slow running waters and canals.
NOTE The field methods described are suitable for the collection of open-water plankton and littoral plankton species. They are inappropriate for the collection of littoral species that primarily live on or in the surface of sediments and on the surface of aquatic plants.
Wasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung zur Probenahme von Zooplankton aus stehenden Gewässern
Diese Anleitung legt allgemeine Verfahrensweisen für die Zooplankton-Untersuchung in stehenden
Gewässern für die Zwecke der Gewässerbewertung und die Bestimmung des ökologischen Zustandes fest.
Anleitungen zur Probenahme und zu den anschließenden Schritten für die Konservierung und Lagerung
werden gegeben. Diese Verfahrensweisen für die Probenahme bieten eine das gesamte stehende Gewässer
umfassende Beurteilungsgrundlage für Artenvorkommen (relative oder absolute), einschließlich seiner
räumlichen Verteilung und zeitlicher Trends sowie die Berechnung der Biomasse und der Zooplankton-Produktion.
Dieses Verfahren gilt nur für die Probenahme vielzelliger Zooplankton-Arten, die die pelagischen und litoralen
Bereiche von Seen, Stauseen und Teichen besiedeln. Das Sammelverfahren kann auch in langsam
fließenden Gewässern und Kanälen angewendet werden.
ANMERKUNG Die beschriebenen Freilandverfahren sind für die Probenahme von Plankton-Arten der Freiwasserzone
und von Plankton-Arten des Uferbereichs geeignet. Sie sind nicht geeignet für das Sammeln der Uferarten, die primär auf
oder in der Sedimentoberfläche und auf der Oberfläche von Wasserpflanzen leben.
Qualité de l'eau - Guide pour l'échantillonnage du zooplancton dans les eaux stagnantes
La présente norme guide décrit les modes opératoires généraux pour la surveillance du zooplancton dans les eaux stagnantes à des fins d’évaluation de la qualité des eaux et de détermination de l’état écologique.
Des lignes directrices sur les modes opératoires d’échantillonnage et les étapes suivantes pour la conservation et le stockage sont fournies. Les modes opératoires d’échantillonnage donnent une estimation de l’occurrence des espèces et de leur abondance (relative ou absolue), y compris la répartition spatiale et les tendances temporelles, pour une masse donnée d’eau. Le calcul de la biomasse et de la production est rendu possible.
Cette méthode se limite à l’échantillonnage du zooplancton multicellulaire qui peuple les régions pélagiques et littorales des lacs, réservoirs et étangs. Le mode opératoire d’échantillonnage peut aussi être utilisé pour les cours d’eau et les canaux lents.
NOTE Les méthodes de terrain décrites sont appropriées pour le prélèvement du plancton de pleine eau et des espèces de plancton littoral. Elles ne sont pas appropriées pour le prélèvement d’espèces littorales qui vivent principalement à la surface des sédiments, ou dans leur couche superficielle, et sur la surface des plantes aquatiques.
Kakovost vode - Navodilo za vzorčenje zooplanktona v stoječih vodah
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.DKWasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung zur Probenahme von Zooplankton aus stehenden GewässernQualité de l'eau - Guide pour l'échantillonnage du zooplancton dans les eaux stagnantesWater quality - Guidance standard for the sampling of zooplankton from standing waters13.060.70Preiskava bioloških lastnosti vodeExamination of biological properties of water13.060.10Voda iz naravnih virovWater of natural resourcesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15110:2006SIST EN 15110:2006en,fr,de01-september-2006SIST EN 15110:2006SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 15110May 2006ICS 13.060.45 English VersionWater quality - Guidance standard for the sampling ofzooplankton from standing watersQualité de l'eau - Guide pour l'échantillonnage duzooplancton dans les eaux stagnantesWasserbeschaffenheit - Anleitung zur Probenahme vonZooplankton aus stehenden GewässernThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 April 2006.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2006 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 15110:2006: E
Preservation.19 Annex B (informative)
Example of a field data sheet.22 Bibliography.23
Surveys of zooplankton have provided valuable information for the environmental monitoring of standing waters, because this group includes species which: a) occur in a wide range of standing waters over a large geographical area and at the same time have specific environmental requirements; b) are well known with regard to their geographical distribution and environmental requirements; c) have a generally high capacity for dispersal enabling them to respond rapidly to remedial actions; while d) sampling requires only a modest expenditure of time and equipment. WARNING — Working in or around water is inherently dangerous. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate health and safety practices and to ensure compliance with any national regulatory conditions. NOTE According to the classification by Fryer [5] the assemblage long known as the Cladocera is split into four orders; Ctenopoda, Anomopoda, Onychopoda and Haplopoda. Cladocera is however used in this standard as a general descriptive term.
Key a conical plankton net b Schindler trap c modified Ramberg sampler d Clarke-Bumpus sampler Figure 1 — Examples of different zooplankton sampling equipment 5.1 Qualitative sampling 5.1.1 Nets Nylon plankton nets of various dimensions and mesh sizes can be used for sampling (Figure 1a). It is important that nets should have a large filtering surface relative to their opening in order to ensure that filtering is as efficient as possible. A net with an opening diameter of 30 cm, for example, should have a length of about one metre as a minimum. A cylindrical net section above the conical part increase the filtering area compared with a conical plankton net with the same opening diameter and length. If both rotifers and crustaceans are to be analysed, a net with a mesh of about 40 µm to 50 µm should be utilised. Nets with meshes smaller than 40 µm will readily become clogged and their use should normally be avoided, although they may be useful in oligotrophic waters. If only crustacean plankton are to be analysed a mesh of 90 µm (max. 100 µm) can be used. If both rotifers and crustaceans, including large predatory species, are to be sampled with a reasonable degree of efficiency, the use of three nets with different mesh sizes are
5.2 Quantitative sampling 5.2.1 Sampling equipment For this purpose various types of volume samplers (bottles/traps/tubes) can be used (e.g. Schindler-Patalas trap or modified Ramberg sampler) (Figure 1b and 1c). Plankton nets with a closure mechanism and built-in water flow-through meter (e.g. Clarke-Bumpus sampler) (Figure 1d), plankton pumps (e.g. [10] or [14]) and flexible tubes (e.g. [9], [11]) can be used for obtaining vertically or horizontally integrated quantitative zooplankton samples. Echo sounder records can be used in the field to quantify large zooplankton species (e.g. Chaoborus). Several of the most widely used quantitative zooplankton samplers have been described in detail by [2] and [3].
Where volume samplers are concerned, a sampler should be chosen that allows a free flow of water when the sampler is not closed. It should also be possible to close the sampler rapidly, and the sampler should be as transparent as possible (plexiglas walls) in order to prevent avoidance by large plankton species with good vision and mobility. For the same reason, it is advantageous to use a sampler that is not too small (minimum 5 l). In locations with large populations of algae (nutrient-rich lakes), however, it may be advantageous to use a smaller model of volume sampler (e.g. a tube sampler of 3 l). Such samplers may also be suitable for use in lakes in locations that require equipment to be carried over long distances. Motorised plankton pumps with continuous flow-through are recommended rather than hand-powered plankton pumps, because motorised pumps provide a regular flow, thus providing better estimates of the quantity and composition of the plankton. Large active plankton species are liable to be sampled less efficiently using a plankton pump than by other types of quantitative samplers. The opposite can be the case for small species. A large plastic funnel (diameter about 50 cm) at the end of the sampling tube may be useful in order to prevent escape of “jumping” copepods. For practical and safety reasons, when deep lakes are being sampled, it may be more appropriate to use sampling equipment that allows efficient sampling of the whole water column (e.g. a plankton net with a closure mechanism or a plankton pump) rather than a volume sampler.
The vertical and horizontal distribution of zooplankton is uneven. Some species are found regularly in the shallow-water regions with stands of aquatic vegetation whereas others perform horizontal migration in the course of the day. Vertical patterns and vertical migration is also common among zooplankton species. To obtain whole-lake estimates of species composition and abundances, samples should be taken from both pelagic and littoral areas as well as from different depths. NOTE Standard plankton nets are not suitable for quantitative sampling and usually give a less accurate estimate on species composition than quantitative zooplankton sampler. 8.2 Number and location of sampling sites 8.2.1 General consideration The number and location of the sampling sites should be determined according to the aim of the study, the morphology of the water body and the level of accuracy in the provided estimates. In general, sites selected should be representative of the area under consideration. 8.2.2 Pelagic samples The samples are normally collected at the same site as used for other observations (temperature, Secchi depth, water chemistry, phytoplankton, etc.). The deepest area near the centre of the main basin of the lake is usually preferred as the sampling location, if a single location is regarded as sufficient for the purposes of the study. If this is not known, the maximum depth of the lake should be estimated, by use of a portable echo sounder or a depth-meter, prior to the sampling. In large lakes, and lakes with several more or less separate basins or with a complex morphology, it will often be desirable to have several sampling locations in order to obtain an impression of any intra- or inter-basin differences. It is recommended that a minimum of one station should be established in each basin. If, for example, the effects of point discharges are to be assessed, it may also be appropriate to select a location, which is not near the centre of the main basin of the lake, and/or to set up more than one sampling station. Generally, samples of strictly pelagic species should be collected at a good distance from the shore in order to avoid as far as possible any influence from the littoral fauna. Zooplankton are often irregularly distributed in lakes, i.e. there is often a horizontal and a vertical variation. If it is important, to the aims of the study, to obtain information regarding the horizontal distribution of the zooplankton, samples should be obtained from several locations along a gradient that represents the dominant wind direction. Other horizontal gradients may also be considered. The vertical variation is discussed in 8.3. If inform
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