CEN/TS 15401:2010
(Main)Solid recovered fuels - Determination of bulk density
Solid recovered fuels - Determination of bulk density
This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of bulk density of solid recovered fuels using a standard measuring container. This method is applicable to all solid recovered fuels with a nominal top size of maximal 100 mm.
NOTE 1 The reason for the limitation to maximal 100 mm is the practical maximum volume of a measurement container and thus dimensions of the aperture of the container. Particle dimension should not exceed 1/3 of this value.
NOTE 2 Bulk density of solid recovered fuels is subject to variation due to several impacts such as vibration, shock, pressure, biodegradation, drying and wetting. Measured bulk density can therefore deviate from practice conditions during transportation, storage or transhipment.
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Schüttdichte
Die Schüttdichte ist eine der Haupteigenschaften von festen Sekundärbrennstoffen (SRF, en: solid recovered fuels). Sie ist zum Beispiel wichtig bei der Probenahme (in Bezug auf das Volumen der Probenahme-einrichtung, das Volumen der Primärprobe), dem Abruf der Transportkapazität oder der erforderlichen Lagerfläche oder der Energiedichte (MWh/m3) eines SRF. Die Schüttdichte ist kein absoluter Wert; daher sollten die Bedingungen für die Bestimmung genormt sein, um vergleichbare Messergebnisse zu erreichen. Diese Technische Spezifikation legt die Bestimmung der Schüttdichte von festen Sekundärbrennstoffen fest, die in einem kontinuierlichen Materialfluss befördert werden können.
Aus praktischen Gründen sind für die Bestimmung zwei Standard-Messbehälter mit einem Nennvolumen von 5 l oder 50 l auswählbar.
Das in dieser Technischen Spezifikation festgelegte Verfahren beruht auf EN 15103 [1].
Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthode de détermination de la densité apparente
Trdna alternativna goriva - Določevanje nasipne gostote
Ta tehnična specifikacija določa metodo določevanja nasipne gostote trdnih alternativnih goriv z uporabo standardne merilne posode. Ta metoda velja za vsa trdna alternativna goriva z maksimalno nominalno zgornjo velikostjo 100 mm.
General Information
- Status
- Withdrawn
- Publication Date
- 01-Jun-2010
- Withdrawal Date
- 04-Nov-2025
- Technical Committee
- CEN/TC 343 - Solid Recovered Fuels
- Drafting Committee
- CEN/TC 343/WG 4 - Physical/Mechanical tests
- Current Stage
- 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
- Start Date
- 12-Jun-2013
- Completion Date
- 12-Jun-2013
Relations
- Effective Date
- 08-Jun-2010
- Replaced By
EN ISO 18708:2025 - Solid recovered fuels - Determination of bulk density (ISO 18708:2025) - Effective Date
- 19-Jan-2023
Frequently Asked Questions
CEN/TS 15401:2010 is a technical specification published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Solid recovered fuels - Determination of bulk density". This standard covers: This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of bulk density of solid recovered fuels using a standard measuring container. This method is applicable to all solid recovered fuels with a nominal top size of maximal 100 mm. NOTE 1 The reason for the limitation to maximal 100 mm is the practical maximum volume of a measurement container and thus dimensions of the aperture of the container. Particle dimension should not exceed 1/3 of this value. NOTE 2 Bulk density of solid recovered fuels is subject to variation due to several impacts such as vibration, shock, pressure, biodegradation, drying and wetting. Measured bulk density can therefore deviate from practice conditions during transportation, storage or transhipment.
This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of bulk density of solid recovered fuels using a standard measuring container. This method is applicable to all solid recovered fuels with a nominal top size of maximal 100 mm. NOTE 1 The reason for the limitation to maximal 100 mm is the practical maximum volume of a measurement container and thus dimensions of the aperture of the container. Particle dimension should not exceed 1/3 of this value. NOTE 2 Bulk density of solid recovered fuels is subject to variation due to several impacts such as vibration, shock, pressure, biodegradation, drying and wetting. Measured bulk density can therefore deviate from practice conditions during transportation, storage or transhipment.
CEN/TS 15401:2010 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 75.160.10 - Solid fuels; 75.160.40 - Biofuels. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
CEN/TS 15401:2010 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to CEN/TS 15401:2006, EN ISO 18708:2025. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
CEN/TS 15401:2010 is associated with the following European legislation: Standardization Mandates: M/325. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
You can purchase CEN/TS 15401:2010 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2010
1DGRPHãþD
SIST-TS CEN/TS 15401:2007
7UGQDDOWHUQDWLYQDJRULYD'RORþHYDQMHQDVLSQHJRVWRWH
Solid recovered fuels - Determination of bulk density
Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Schüttdichte
Combustibles solides de récupération - Détermination de la densité apparente
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 15401:2010
ICS:
75.160.10 Trda goriva Solid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 15401
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
June 2010
ICS 75.160.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15401:2006
English Version
Solid recovered fuels - Determination of bulk density
Combustibles solides de récupération - Méthode de Feste Sekundärbrennstoffe - Bestimmung der Schüttdichte
détermination de la densité apparente
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 27 March 2010 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 15401:2010: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents
Page
Foreword .3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms and definitions .4
4 Symbols and units .5
5 Principle .5
6 Apparatus .5
7 Sampling and sample preparation .6
8 Procedure .7
9 Calculation .8
10 Precision .8
11 Test report .9
Annex A (informative) Results of interlaboratory test . 10
Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 15401:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 343 “Solid
recovered fuels”, the secretariat of which is held by SFS.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document differs from CEN/TS 15401:2006 mainly as follows:
a) results of interlaboratory tests supplemented as an informative Annex A;
b) whole document editorially revised.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
Bulk density is one of the main quality parameters of solid recovered fuels (SRF). It is needed e.g. in a
sampling process (volume of sampling tools, volume primary sample), in assessing transport capacity or
storage space required or energy density (MWh/m ) of SRF. Bulk density is not an absolute value, therefore
conditions for its determination should be standardised in order to gain comparative measuring results. This
Technical Specification specifies the determination of bulk density of solid recovered fuels which can be
conveyed in a continuous material flow.
For practical reasons, two standard measuring containers with a volume of 5 l or 50 l are selectable for the
determination.
The method specified in this Technical Specification is based on EN 15103 [1].
1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of bulk density of solid recovered fuels
using a standard measuring container. This method is applicable to all solid recovered fuels with a nominal top
size of maximal 100 mm.
NOTE 1 The reason for the limitation to maximal 100 mm is the practical maximum volume of a measurement
container and thus dimensions of the aperture of the container. Particle dimension should not exceed 1/3 of this value.
NOTE 2 Bulk density of solid recovered fuels is subject to variation due to several impacts such as vibration, shock,
pressure, biodegradation, drying and wetting. Measured bulk density can therefore deviate from practice conditions during
transportation, storage or transhipment.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
prEN 15357:2008, Solid recovered fuels — Terminology, definitions and descriptions
prEN 15442, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for sampling
prEN 15443, Solid recovered fuels — Methods for laboratory sample preparation
CEN/TS 15414-2, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of moisture content using the oven dry method —
Part 2: Determination of total moisture by a simplified method
CEN/TS 15415, Solid recovered fuels — Determination of particle size distribution by screen method
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in prEN 15357:2008 apply.
4 Symbols and units
The symbols and units used in this Technical Specification are listed in Table 1.
Table 1 — Symbols and units used in this Technical Specification
Symbol Designation Unit
m
Mass of the empty container kg
m
Mass of the filled container kg
Mass fraction of moisture as received
M
%
ar
(wet basis)
V Net volume of the measuring cylinder
m
ρ Bulk density of the sample as received at M
kg/m
ar ar
ρ Bulk density of the dry matter at M
kg/m
dm ar
5 Principle
The test portion is filled into a standard container of a given size and shape and weighed afterwards. Bulk
density is calculated from the net weight per standard volume and reported for the measured moisture content.
6 Apparatus
6.1 Measuring container
6.1.1 General
The container shall be cylindrically shaped and manufactured of a shock resistant, smooth-surfaced material.
It shall be waterproof and resistant to deformation in order to prevent any variation of shape and volume.
Grips may externally be fixed for easier handling. The height-diameter-ratio shall be in the range from 1,25 to
...
CEN/TS 15401:2010 표준은 고형 회수 연료의 부피 밀도(bulk density)를 정밀하게 측정하는 방법을 명시하고 있습니다. 이 기술 명세서는 최대 100mm의 공칭 크기를 가진 모든 고형 회수 연료에 적용될 수 있으며, 이는 표준 측정 용기를 사용하여 부피 밀도를 결정하는 절차의 중요성을 강조합니다. 이 표준의 강점 중 하나는 고형 회수 연료의 물리적 특성을 정확히 반영할 수 있는 신뢰할 수 있는 방법론을 제공한다는 것입니다. 특히, 측정 과정에서 진동, 충격, 압력, 생물 분해, 건조 및 습기와 같은 여러 요인에 따른 부피 밀도의 변동성을 고려할 수 있어 실용적인 응용에서의 정확성을 높입니다. 부피 밀도는 고형 회수 연료의 저장 및 운송 과정에서의 실질적인 상태와 차이가 있을 수 있습니다. 따라서 이 표준은 고형 회수 연료의 품질 관리에 필수적인 요소로 자리 잡고 있으며, 다양한 산업에서 이를 적절히 활용함으로써 효율성을 극대화할 수 있습니다. 결론적으로 CEN/TS 15401:2010 표준은 고형 회수 연료의 부피 밀도를 결정하는 데 필요한 체계적인 접근 방식을 제공하며, 연료 산업의 지속 가능성을 높이는 데 위력을 발휘하고 있습니다.
CEN/TS 15401:2010 の技術仕様書は、固形回収燃料のバルク密度を標準的な測定容器を使用して測定する方法を規定しています。この標準が適用されるのは、名目上の最大寸法が100 mm以下のすべての固形回収燃料です。この最大寸法の制限は、測定容器の実用的な最大容量に関係しており、容器の開口部の寸法を考慮したものです。また、粒子の寸法はこの値の1/3を超えてはいけません。 この標準の強みは、固形回収燃料のバルク密度の測定方法を明確に規定することにより、業界内での一貫性と信頼性を確保する点にあります。バルク密度は、振動、衝撃、圧力、生物分解、乾燥、湿潤といった多くの要因に影響されるため、この標準に従った測定方法を用いることで、輸送、保管、または transhipment の際に生じる可能性のある測定誤差を最小限に抑えることができます。 加えて、この標準は、固形回収燃料に関連する製品の取り扱いや評価を行う際に、業界全体でアクセスしやすく、有用な共通基準を提供します。そのため、CEN/TS 15401:2010は、固形回収燃料に関する研究や新しい技術開発においても重要な役割を果たしています。このように、この技術仕様書は、固形回収燃料の利用促進に寄与し、持続可能性の向上を助ける実用的で関連性のある標準として位置づけられています。
The CEN/TS 15401:2010 standard provides a comprehensive framework for the determination of bulk density of solid recovered fuels, serving a vital role in ensuring the consistency and reliability of measurements across the industry. The scope is well-defined, focusing specifically on solid recovered fuels with a nominal top size of maximal 100 mm, which is crucial for maintaining accuracy in measurement. This limitation is practical, as it corresponds to the dimensions of the measurement container, ensuring that the methodology aligns with real-world applications. One of the notable strengths of this standard is its attention to the factors affecting bulk density. It acknowledges that variations in bulk density can arise from multiple sources, including vibration, shock, pressure, and changes in moisture content. By addressing these variations, the standard not only guides users in obtaining more reliable measurements but also prepares them to interpret data that may fluctuate based on environmental conditions during transportation, storage, or transhipment. This aspect enhances the relevance of the standard in practical scenarios, where maintaining an accurate understanding of bulk density is crucial for optimizing the handling and utilization of solid recovered fuels. Furthermore, the robust methodology outlined in CEN/TS 15401:2010 supports the consistent application of measurement techniques, promoting standardization across different entities and facilitating comparisons of bulk density data. As the industry increasingly emphasizes sustainability and the utilization of solid recovered fuels, adherence to such standards becomes paramount. This Technical Specification reinforces the commitment to quality and reliability in the measurement process, ultimately contributing to improved efficiency and effectiveness in the handling of solid recovered fuels. In summary, the standard’s focus on methodical measurement techniques, consideration for practical implications, and emphasis on achieving uniformity positions CEN/TS 15401:2010 as an essential reference for professionals in the field of solid recovered fuels.
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