prEN ISO 1456
(Main)Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Electrodeposited coatings of nickel, nickel plus chromium, copper plus nickel and of copper plus nickel plus chromium (ISO/DIS 1456:2025)
Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Electrodeposited coatings of nickel, nickel plus chromium, copper plus nickel and of copper plus nickel plus chromium (ISO/DIS 1456:2025)
ISO 1456:2009 specifies requirements for decorative nickel, nickel plus chromium, copper plus nickel and copper plus nickel plus chromium coatings that are applied to iron, steel, zinc alloys, copper and copper alloys, and to aluminium and aluminium alloys, to provide an attractive appearance and enhanced corrosion resistance. Coating designations are specified that differ in thickness and type, and guidance is given on selecting the coating designation appropriate for the service conditions to which the coated product will be exposed.
ISO 1456:2009 does not specify the surface condition required by the basis metal prior to the coating process, and is not applicable to coatings on sheet, strip or wire in the non-fabricated form nor to threaded fasteners or coil springs.
Metallische und andere anorganische Überzüge - Galvanische Überzüge aus Nickel, Nickel plus Chrom, Kupfer plus Nickel und Kupfer plus Nickel plus Chrom (ISO/DIS 1456:2025)
Revêtements métalliques et autres revêtements inorganiques - Dépôts électrolytiques de nickel, de nickel plus chrome, de cuivre plus nickel et de cuivre plus nickel plus chrome (ISO/DIS 1456:2025)
L'ISO 1456:2009 spécifie les exigences relatives aux dépôts décoratifs de nickel, de nickel plus chrome, de cuivre plus nickel et de cuivre plus nickel plus chrome qui sont appliqués sur le fer, l'acier, les alliages de zinc, le cuivre et les alliages de cuivre, l'aluminium et les alliages d'aluminium pour leur conférer un aspect agréable et pour améliorer leur résistance à la corrosion. Des désignations de dépôts sont spécifiées pour différentes épaisseurs et différents types de dépôts, et des indications sont données quant au choix du dépôt approprié à la condition d'utilisation prévue du produit revêtu.
L'ISO 1456:2009 ne spécifie pas l'état de surface du métal de base avant dépôt électrolytique et n'est pas applicable aux dépôts sur tôles, bandes ou fils bruts de laminage, sur éléments de fixation filetés ou sur ressorts en spirale.
Kovinske in druge anorganske prevleke - Galvanske prevleke niklja, nikelj-kroma, baker-niklja in baker-nikelj-kroma (ISO/DIS 1456:2025)
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2025
Kovinske in druge anorganske prevleke - Galvanske prevleke niklja, nikelj-kroma,
baker-niklja in baker-nikelj-kroma (ISO/DIS 1456:2025)
Metallic and other inorganic coatings - Electrodeposited coatings of nickel, nickel plus
chromium, copper plus nickel and of copper plus nickel plus chromium (ISO/DIS
1456:2025)
Metallische und andere anorganische Überzüge - Galvanische Überzüge aus Nickel,
Nickel plus Chrom, Kupfer plus Nickel und Kupfer plus Nickel plus Chrom (ISO/DIS
1456:2025)
Revêtements métalliques et autres revêtements inorganiques - Dépôts électrolytiques de
nickel, de nickel plus chrome, de cuivre plus nickel et de cuivre plus nickel plus chrome
(ISO/DIS 1456:2025)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO 1456
ICS:
25.220.40 Kovinske prevleke Metallic coatings
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
DRAFT
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 1456
ISO/TC 107/SC 3
Metallic and other inorganic
Secretariat: KATS
coatings — Electrodeposited
Voting begins on:
coatings of nickel, nickel plus
2025-09-12
chromium, copper plus nickel
Voting terminates on:
and of copper plus nickel plus
2025-12-05
chromium
Revêtements métalliques et autres revêtements inorganiques —
Dépôts électrolytiques de nickel, de nickel plus chrome, de cuivre
plus nickel et de cuivre plus nickel plus chrome
ICS: 25.220.40
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
This document has not been edited by the ISO Central Secretariat.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION.
Reference number
ISO/DIS 1456:2025(en)
DRAFT
ISO/DIS 1456:2025(en)
International
Standard
ISO/DIS 1456
ISO/TC 107/SC 3
Metallic and other inorganic
Secretariat: KATS
coatings — Electrodeposited
Voting begins on:
coatings of nickel, nickel plus
chromium, copper plus nickel
Voting terminates on:
and of copper plus nickel plus
chromium
Revêtements métalliques et autres revêtements inorganiques —
Dépôts électrolytiques de nickel, de nickel plus chrome, de cuivre
plus nickel et de cuivre plus nickel plus chrome
ICS: 25.220.40
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENTS AND APPROVAL. IT
IS THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE
AND MAY NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD UNTIL
PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
This document has not been edited by the ISO Central Secretariat.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
© ISO 2025
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
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BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
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POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
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NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
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Published in Switzerland Reference number
ISO/DIS 1456:2025(en)
ii
ISO/DIS 1456:2025(en)
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
Introduction .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Information to be supplied by the purchaser to the processor . 2
4.1 Essential information .2
4.2 Additional information.3
5 Designation . 3
5.1 General .3
5.2 Designation specifications .4
5.3 Service-condition number .5
5.4 Type and thicknesses of metal layers according to service-condition .5
5.5 Type of copper coating.11
5.6 Types of nickel coating .11
5.7 Types and thicknesses of chromium . 12
6 Requirements .12
6.1 Appearance . 12
6.2 Coating thickness . 12
6.3 Double- and triple-layer nickel coatings . 13
6.4 Adhesion . 13
6.5 Corrosion resistance in CASS, Corrodkote and Neutral Salt Spray tests . 13
6.6 STEP test requirements . 13
6.7 Ductility . 13
6.8 Stress-relief heat treatments before coating . 13
6.9 Hydrogen-embrittlement-relief treatment .14
6.10 Sampling .14
6.11 Number of microdiscontinuities in the chromium .14
Annex A (normative) Determination of cracks and pores in chromium coatings .15
Annex B (normative) Methods of test for the determination of thickness .21
Annex C (normative) Ductility test .23
Annex D (normative) Determination of the sulfur content of electrodeposited nickel.24
Annex E (informative) STEP test .25
Bibliography .26
iii
ISO/DIS 1456:2025(en)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through
ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee
has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations,
governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely
with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described
in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the different types
of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the
ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
ISO draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). ISO takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent
rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, ISO had not received notice of (a)
patent(s) which may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that
this may not represent the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at
www.iso.org/patents. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions
related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the World Trade
Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 107, Metallic and other inorganic coatings,
Subcommittee SC 3, Electrodeposited coatings and related finishes.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition (ISO 1456:2009), which has been technically
revised.
The main changes are as follows:
— new section 5.4 to introduce and explain tables 1 through 4 better including a technical correction to
tables 1 and 2 (remove the possibility to plate Cu10a from a cyanide electrolyte);
— make Table 5 and Annex E consistent;
— updating the requirements for Crmp (minimum and maximum local thickness), introducing requirements
on the number of microdiscontinuities in Crmp, and updating Annex A with an actual overview of
methods to determine microdiscontinuities in Crmp in accordance with DIN 53100 and DIN 53099;
— refer to ISO 16866 for the STEP test and shorten Annex E accordingly;
— make ISO 9227 a normative reference;
— add further explanations to the x-ray spectrometry method in B.3.3 for coating thickness measurement.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
iv
ISO/DIS 1456:2025(en)
Introduction
Decorative, electrodeposited nickel coatings, with and without copper undercoats and without chromium as
further coating on top of the nickel, are suitable for applications in which tarnishing could be prevented by
avoiding rubbing or handling in service or by the use of further coatings other than chromium. They are also
suitable for those applications where tarnishing is of no importance. Corrosion resistance depends on the
type and thickness of the coatings.
Decorative, electrodeposited nickel plus chromium and copper plus nickel plus chromium coatings
are applied to manufactured articles to enhance their appearance and corrosion resistance. Corrosion
resistance depends on the type and thickness of the coatings. In general, multilayer nickel coatings provide
better corrosion resistance than single-layer nickel coatings of equal thickness, and micro-discontinuous
chromium coatings provide better protection than conventional chromium.
v
DRAFT International Standard ISO/DIS 1456:2025(en)
Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Electrodeposited
coatings of nickel, nickel plus chromium, copper plus nickel
and of copper plus nickel plus chromium
WARNING — The use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment.
It does not purport to address all of the safety or environmental problems associated with its use.
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements for decorative nickel, nickel plus chromium, copper plus nickel and
copper plus nickel plus chromium coatings that are applied to iron, steel, zinc alloys, copper and copper
alloys, and to aluminium and aluminium alloys, to provide an attractive appearance and enhanced corrosion
resistance. Coating designations are specified that differ in thickness and type, and guidance is given on
selecting the coating designation appropriate for the service conditions to which the coated product will be
exposed.
This document does not specify the surface condition required by the basis metal prior to the coating
process (see hints under 5.4), and is not applicable to coatings on sheet, strip or wire in the non-fabricated
form nor to threaded fasteners or coil springs.
Requirements for decorative, electroplated copper plus nickel plus chromium coatings on plastic materials
are specified in ISO 4525. ISO 4526 and ISO 6158 specify requirements for coatings of nickel and chromium,
respectively, for engineering purposes.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content constitutes
requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references,
the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 1463, Metallic and oxide coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — Microscopical method
ISO 2064, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Definitions and conventions concerning the measurement of
thickness
ISO 2080, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Surface treatment, metallic and other inorganic coatings —
Vocabulary
ISO 2177, Metallic coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — Coulometric method by anodic dissolution
ISO 2361, Electrodeposited nickel coatings on magnetic and non-magnetic substrates — Measurement of coating
thickness — Magnetic method
ISO 2819, Metallic coatings on metallic substrates — Electrodeposited and chemically deposited coatings —
Review of methods available for testing adhesion
ISO 3497, Metallic coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — X-ray spectrometric methods
ISO 3543, Metallic and non-metallic coatings — Measurement of thickness — Beta backscatter method
ISO 3882, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Review of methods of measurement of thickness
ISO 4519, Electrodeposited metallic coatings and related finishes — Sampling procedures for inspection by
attributes
ISO/DIS 1456:2025(en)
ISO 4541:1978, Metallic and other non-organic coatings — Corrodkote corrosion test (CORR test)
ISO 9220, Metallic coatings — Measurement of coating thickness — Scanning electron microscope method
ISO 9227, Corrosion tests in artificial atmospheres — Salt spray tests
ISO 9587, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Pretreatment of iron or steel to reduce the risk of hydrogen
embrittlement
ISO 9588, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Post-coating treatments of iron or steel to reduce the risk of
hydrogen embrittlement
ISO 10289, Methods for corrosion testing of metallic and other inorganic coatings on metallic substrates —
Rating of test specimens and manufactured articles subjected to corrosion tests
ISO 10587, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Test for residual embrittlement in both metallic-coated and
uncoated externally-threaded articles and rods — Inclined wedge method
ISO 15724, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Electrochemical measurement of diffusible hydrogen in
steels — Barnacle electrode method
ISO 16348, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Definitions and conventions concerning appearance
ISO 16866, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Simultaneous thickness and electrode potential
determination of individual layers in multilayer nickel deposits (STEP test)
ISO 27831-2, Metallic and other inorganic coatings — Cleaning and preparation of metal surfaces — Part 2:
Non-ferrous metals and alloys
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 2064, ISO 2080, ISO 9587, ISO 9588
and ISO 16348 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
4 Information to be supplied by the purchaser to the processor
4.1 Essential information
When ordering articles to be electroplated in accordance with this document, the purchaser shall provide
the following information in writing, in, for example, the contract or purchase order, or on engineering
drawings:
a) a reference to this document, ISO 1456, and the designation (see Clause 5);
b) the significant surfaces, to be indicated on drawings of the parts or by providing suitably marked
specimens;
c) the service-condition (see 5.3) and/or the required corrosion resistance (see 6.5), the latter especially
when a different duration than specified in Table 6 is agreed upon;
d) the appearance required, e.g. bright, dull or satin, (see 5.6 and 6.1); alternatively, samples showing the
required finish or range of finishes may also be supplied and approved by the purchaser, and used for
comparison purposes (see 6.1);
ISO/DIS 1456:2025(en)
e) the type of nickel coating, e.g. decorative, sulfur-containing bright, semi-bright, or satin containing a
lamellar structure; or high-sulfur-containing bright, semi-bright or dull containing a lamellar structure
without mechanical polishing; or dull or semi-bright with mechanical polishing; or sulfur-free dull or
semi-bright with a columnar structure without mechanical polishing; or double- or triple-layer coating
(see 5.6 and 6.3);
f) the type of chromium coating, e.g. regular, black, micro-cracked or micro-porous (see 5.7);
g) the type of corrosion test to be used (see 6.5 and Table 6);
h) the type of adhesion test and minimum local thicknesses to be used (see 6.4 and 6.2);
i) the extent to which defects shall be tolerated on non-significant surfaces (see 6.1);
j) positions on the significant surface for rack or contact marks, where such marks are unavoidable
(see 6.1);
k) the tensile strength of the steel and any requirement for stress relief for pre- or post-coating
embrittlement-relief treatments of iron or steel to reduce the risk of hydrogen embrittlement, as well as
hydrogen-embrittlement test methods (see 6.8 and 6.9);
l) sampling methods and acceptance levels (see 6.10).
4.2 Additional information
The following additional information shall also be provided by the purchaser, when appropriate:
a) any requirements for STEP testing (see 5.6 and 6.6) and for the number of microdiscontinuities in the
chromium coating (see 5.7 and 6.11);
b) thickness requirements on those areas that cannot be touched by a ball 20 mm in diameter (see 6.2);
c) whether or not a copper undercoat is required (see 5.2 and 5.5).
5 Designation
5.1 General
The designation shall appear on engineering drawings, in the purchase order, in the contract or in the
detailed product specification.
The designation specifies, in the following order:
— the basis metal, the specific alloy (optional);
— stress-relief requirements;
— the type and thickness of undercoats (when present);
— the thickness and composition of the nickel or nickel-alloy coating or coatings (when double or multilayer
coatings are specified);
— the thickness and type of a chromium coating on top of the nickel (when present);
— and supplementary treatments, such as heat treatment to reduce susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement
(for designation, see 5.2, 6.8 and 6.9).
ISO/DIS 1456:2025(en)
5.2 Designation specifications
The coating designation specifies the basis metal and the types and thickness of coatings appropriate for
each service-condition number (see Tables 1 to 4 for various substrates and coatings) and comprises the
following:
a) the term, “Electroplated coating”, the number of this document, ISO 1456, followed by a hyphen;
b) the chemical symbol for the basis metal (or for the principal metal if an alloy) followed by a solidus (/)
as follows:
1) Fe/ for iron or steel;
2) Zn/ for zinc or zinc alloys;
3) Cu/ for copper or copper alloys;
4) Al/ for aluminium or aluminium alloys;
c) the chemical symbol for copper (Cu), if copper, or brass containing greater than 50 % copper, is used as
an undercoat;
d) a number indicating the minimum local thickness, in micrometres, of the copper coating, where
applicable;
e) a letter indicating the type of copper coating (see 5.5), where applicable;
f) the chemical symbol for nickel (Ni);
g) a number indicating the minimum local thickness, in micrometres, of the nickel coating;
h) a letter designating the type of nickel coating (see 5.6);
i) if a further coating is to be applied on top of the nickel, its chemical symbol and a number indicating
its minimum local thickness; for example, the chemical symbol for chromium (Cr) if chromium is the
further coating; if the further coating is an electrodeposited alloy, the chemical symbols of the principal
alloy constituents; for example, the chemical symbols for copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) if brass is the alloy of
the further coating;
j) for a further coating by chromium, a letter or letters designating the type of chromium and its minimum
local thickness (see 5.7);
k) the heat treatment requirements in brackets and designated as follows: the letters SR for stress-relief
heat treatment prior to electroplating, and/or the letters ER for hydrogen-embrittlement-relief heat
treatment after electroplating; in parentheses, the minimum temperature, in degrees Celsius (°C); the
duration of the heat treatment in hours (h).
Solidi (/) shall be used to separate data fields in the designation corresponding to the different sequential
processing steps. Double separators or solidi indicate that a step in the process is either not required or has
been omitted (see ISO 27830).
It is recommended that the specific alloy be identified by its standard designation following the chemical
symbol of the basis metal; for example, its UNS number, or the national or regional equivalent may be placed
between the symbols < >. For example, Fe is the UNS designation for one high-strength steel (see
ASTM E527).
EXAMPLE A coating on steel comprising 20 µm (minimum) ductile, levelling copper plus 30 µm (minimum) bright
nickel plus 0,3 µm micro-cracked chromium is designated as follows:
Electroplated coating ISO 1456 – Fe/Cu20a/Ni30b/Crmc
ISO/DIS 1456:2025(en)
A coating on steel comprising 30 µm (minimum) bright nickel plus 0,3 µm micro-cracked chromium, when stress-relief
heat treatment prior to application of any coating is applied at 200 °C for 3 h and a heat treatment after coating to
minimize the risk of internal hydrogen embrittlement (embrittlement relief) is applied at 210 °C for 8 h, is designated
as follows:
Electrodeposited coating ISO 1456 – Fe/SR(200)3/Ni30b/Crmc/ER(210)8
For ordering purposes, the detailed product specification shall include not only the designation, but also
clear written statements of other requirements that are essential for the serviceability of a particular
product (see Clause 4).
5.3 Service-condition number
The service-condition number is used by the purchaser to specify the degree of protection required,
as related to the severity of the conditions to which a product is to be subjected, in accordance with the
[6]
following scale :
1 Mild Service indoors in warm dry atmospheres, e.g. offices.
2 Moderate Service indoors where condensation may occur, e.g. bathroom, kitchens.
3 Severe Service outdoors where occasional or frequent wetting by rain or dew may
occur, e.g. outdoor furniture, bicycles, hospital goods.
4 Very severe Service outdoors in very severe conditions, e.g. components of automobiles,
boat fittings.
5 Extended very severe Service outdoors in exceptionally severe conditions where long-time protection,
such as longer than about 10 years, of the substrate is required, e.g. vehicle
components: bumpers, wheels.
5.4 Type and thicknesses of metal layers according to service-condition
The required thicknesses of the metal layers as well as the type of the applied metal layers are related to the
service-condition for which the parts are designed and listed in the following tables (see Tables 1 to 4).
It is mandatory to apply an initial metal layer:
— on ferrous materials before the copper plating from acid solutions;
— on stainless steel and zinc before the copper plating from acid solutions and before nickel plating.
For coatings on aluminium and aluminium alloys a specific initial treatment shall be specified.
ISO/DIS 1456:2025(en)
Table 1 — Coatings on ferrous materials
Ni Cu + Ni Ni + Cr Cu + Ni + Cr
Partial designation in Service condition 1
Fe/Ni10p Fe/Cu10a/Ni5p Fe/Ni10p/Crr Fe/Cu10a/Ni5p/Crr
Fe/Ni10p/Crmc Fe/Cu10a/Ni5p/Crmc
Fe/Ni10p/Crmp Fe/Cu10a/Ni5p/Crmp
Fe/Ni10p/Crb Fe/Cu10a/Ni5p/Crb
Fe/Ni10s Fe/Cu10a/Ni5s Fe/Ni10s/Crr Fe/Cu10a/Ni5s/Crr
Fe/Ni10s/Crmc Fe/Cu10a/Ni5s/Crmc
Fe/Ni10s/Crmp Fe/Cu10a/Ni5s/Crmp
Fe/Ni10s/Crb Fe/Cu10a/Ni5s/Crb
Fe/Ni10b Fe/Cu10a/Ni5b Fe/Ni10b/Crr Fe/Cu10a/Ni5b/Crr
Fe/Ni10b/Crmc Fe/Cu10a/Ni5b/Crmc
Fe/Ni10b/Crmp Fe/Cu10a/Ni5b/Crmp
Fe/Ni10b/Crb Fe/Cu10a/Ni5b/Crb
Partial designation in Service condition 2
Fe/Ni20p Fe/Cu15a/Ni15p Fe/Ni20p/Crr Fe/Cu15a/Ni15p/Crr
Fe/Ni15p/Crmc Fe/Cu15a/Ni10p/Crmc
Fe/Ni15p/Crmp Fe/Cu15a/Ni10p/Crmp
Fe/Ni15p/Crb Fe/Cu15a/Ni10p/Crb
Fe/Ni20s Fe/Cu15a/Ni15s Fe/Ni20s/Crr Fe/Cu15a/Ni15s/Crr
Fe/Ni15s/Crmc Fe/Cu15a/Ni10s/Crmc
Fe/Ni15s/Crmp Fe/Cu15a/Ni10s/Crmp
Fe/Ni15s/Crb Fe/Cu15a/Ni10s/Crb
Fe/Ni20b Fe/Cu15a/Ni15b Fe/Ni20b/Crr Fe/Cu15a/Ni15b/Crr
Fe/Ni15b/Crmc Fe/Cu15a/Ni10b/Crmc
Fe/Ni15b/Crmp Fe/Cu15a/Ni10b/Crmp
Fe/Ni15b/Crb Fe/Cu15a/Ni10b/Crb
Fe/Ni20d Fe/Cu15a/Ni15d Fe/Ni20d/Crr Fe/Cu15a/Ni15d/Crr
Fe/Ni15d/Crmc Fe/Cu15a/Ni10d/Crmc
Fe/Ni15d/Crmp Fe/Cu15a/Ni10d/Crmp
Fe/Ni15d/Crb Fe/Cu15a/Ni10d/Crb
Ni Cu + Ni Ni + Cr Cu + Ni + Cr
Partial designation in Service condition 3
Fe/Ni35p Fe/Cu15a/Ni25p Fe/Ni35p/Crr Fe/Cu15a/Ni30p/Crr
Fe/Ni30p/Crmc Fe/Cu15a/Ni25p/Crmc
Fe/Ni30p/Crmp Fe/Cu15a/Ni25p/Crmp
Fe/Ni30p/Crb Fe/Cu15a/Ni25p/Crb
Fe/Ni35s Fe/Cu15a/Ni25s Fe/Ni35s/Crr Fe/Cu15a/Ni30s/Crr
Fe/Ni30s/Crmc Fe/Cu15a/Ni25s/Crmp
Fe/Ni30s/Crmp Fe/Cu15a/Ni25s/Crmp
Fe/Ni30s/Crb Fe/Cu15a/Ni25s/Crb
Fe/Ni35b Fe/Cu15a/Ni25b Fe/Ni35b/Crr Fe/Cu15a/Ni30b/Crr
Fe/Ni30b/Crmc Fe/Cu15a/Ni25b/Crmc
Fe/Ni30b/Crmp Fe/Cu15a/Ni25b/Crmp
Fe/Ni30b/Crb FeCu15a/Ni25b/Crb
ISO/DIS 1456:2025(en)
TTabablele 1 1 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Fe/Ni30d Fe/Cu15a/Ni20d Fe/Ni30d/Crr Fe/Cu15a/Ni25d/Crr
Fe/Ni25d/Crmc Fe/Cu15a/Ni20d/Crmc
Fe/Ni25d/Crmp Fe/Cu15a/Ni20d/Crmp
Fe/Ni25d/Crb Fe/Cu15a/Ni20d/Crb
Partial designation in Service condition 4
Fe/Ni40p/Crr Fe/Cu20a/Ni35p/Crr
Fe/Ni30p/Crmc Fe/Cu20a/Ni25p/Crmc
Fe/Ni30p/Crmp Fe/Cu20a/Ni25p/Crmp
Fe/Ni30p/Crb Fe/Cu20a/Ni25p/Crb
Fe/Ni40s/Crr Fe/Cu20a/Ni35s/Crr
Fe/Ni30s/Crmc Fe/Cu20a/Ni25s/Crmc
Fe/Ni30s/Crmp Fe/Cu20a/Ni25s/Crmp
Fe/Ni30s/Crb Fe/Cu20a/Ni25s/Crb
Fe/Ni40b/Crr Fe/Cu20a/Ni35b/Crr
Fe/Ni30b/Crmc Fe/Cu20a/Ni25b/Crmc
Fe/Ni30b/Crmp Fe/Cu20a/Ni25b/Crmp
Fe/Ni30b/Crb Fe/Cu20a/Ni25b/Crb
Fe/Ni35d/Crr Fe/Cu20a/Ni30d/Crr
Fe/Ni25d/Crmc Fe/Cu20a/Ni20d/Crmc
Fe/Ni25d/Crmp Fe/Cu20a/Ni20d/Crmp
Fe/Ni25d/Crb Fe/Cu20a/Ni20d/Crb
Partial designation in Service condition 5
Fe/Ni45d/Crmc Fe/Cu25a/Ni35d/Crmc
Fe/Ni45d/Crmp Fe/Cu25a/Ni35d/Crmp
Table 2 — Coatings on zinc alloys
Ni Cu + Ni Ni + Cr Cu + Ni + Cr
Partial designation in Service condition 1
Zn/Ni10p Zn/Cu10a/Ni10p Zn/Ni10p/Crr Zn/Cu8a/Ni10p/Crr
Zn/Ni10p/Crmc Zn/Cu8a/Ni10p/Crmc
Zn/Ni10p/Crmp Zn/Cu8a/Ni10p/Crmp
Zn/Ni10p/Crb Zn/Cu8a/Ni10p/Crb
Zn/Ni10s Zn/Cu10a/Ni10s Zn/Ni10s/Crr Zn/Cu8a/Ni10s/Crr
Zn/Ni10s/Crmc Zn/Cu8a/Ni10s/Crmc
Zn/Ni10s/Crmp Zn/Cu8a/Ni10s/Crmp
Zn/Ni10s/Crb Zn/Cu8a/Ni10s/Crb
Zn/Ni10b Zn/Cu10a/Ni10b Zn/Ni10b/Crr Zn/Cu8a/Ni10b/Crr
Zn/Ni10b/Crmc Zn/Cu8a/Ni10b/Crmc
Zn/Ni10b/Crmp Zn/Cu8a/Ni10b/Crmp
Zn/Ni10b/Crb Zn/Cu8a/Ni10b/Crb
Zn/Ni10d/Crr Zn/Cu8a/Ni10d/Crr
Zn/Ni10dCrmc Zn/Cu8a/Ni10d/Crmc
Zn/Ni10d/Crmp Zn/Cu8a/Ni10d/Crmp
Zn/Ni10d/Crb Zn/Cu8a/Ni10d/Crb
Partial designation in Service condition 2
ISO/DIS 1456:2025(en)
TTabablele 2 2 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Zn/Ni20p Zn/Cu15a/Ni15p Zn/Ni20p/Crr Zn/Cu15a/Ni15p/Crr
Zn/Ni15p/Crmc Zn/Cu15a/Ni10p/Crmc
Zn/Ni15p/Crmp Zn/Cu15a/Ni10p/Crmp
Zn/Ni15p/Crb Zn/Cu15a/Ni10p/Crb
Zn/Ni20b Zn/Cu15a/Ni15b Zn/Ni20b/Crr Zn/Cu15a/Ni15/Crr
Zn/Ni15b/Crmc Zn/Cu15a/Ni10b/Crmc
Zn/Ni15b/Crmp Zn/Cu15a/Ni10b/Crmp
Zn/Ni15b/Crb Zn/Cu15a/Ni10b/Crb
Zn/Ni20s Zn/Cu15a/Ni15s Zn/Ni20s/Crr Zn/Cu15a/Ni15s/Crr
Zn/Ni15s/Crmc Zn/Cu15a/Ni10s/Crmc
Zn/Ni15s/Crmp Zn/Cu15a/Ni10s/Crmp
Zn/Ni15s/Crb Zn//Cu15a/Ni10s/Crb
Zn/Ni15d Zn/Cu15a/Ni10d Zn/Ni20d/Crr Zn/Cu15a/Ni15d/Crr
Zn/Ni15d/Crmc Zn/Cu15a/Ni10d/Crmc
Zn/Ni15d/Crmp Zn/Cu15a/Ni10d/Crmp
Zn/Ni15d/Crb Zn/Cu15a/Ni10d/Crb
Ni Cu + Ni Ni + Cr Cu + Ni + Cr
Partial designation in Service condition 3
Zn/Ni40p Zn/Cu20a/Ni30p Zn/Ni35p/Crr Zn/Cu20a/Ni30p/Crr
Zn/Ni30p/Crmc Zn/Cu20a/Ni25p/Crmc
Zn/Ni30p/Crmp Zn/Cu20a/Ni25p/Crmp
Zn/Ni30p/Crb Zn/Cu20a/Ni25p/Crb
Zn/Ni40s Zn/Cu20a/Ni30s Zn/Ni35s/Crr Zn/Cu20s/Ni30s/Crr
Zn/Ni30s/Crmc Zn/Cu20a/Ni25s/Crmc
Zn/Ni30s/Crmp Zn/Cu20a/Ni25s/Crmp
Zn/Ni30s/Crb Zn/Cu20a/Ni25s/Crb
Zn/Ni40b Zn/Cu20a/Ni30b Zn/Ni35b/Crr Zn/Cu20a/Ni30b/Crr
Zn/Ni30b/Crmc Zn/Cu20a/Ni25b/Crmc
Zn/Ni30b/Crmp Zn/Cu20a/Ni25b/Crmp
Zn/Ni30b/Crb Zn/Cu20a/Ni25b/Crb
Zn/Ni30d Zn/Cu20a/Ni25d Zn/Ni30d/Crr Zn/Cu20a/Ni25d/Crr
Zn/Ni25d/Crmc Zn/Cu20a/Ni20d/Crmc
Zn/Ni25d/Crmp Zn/Cu20a/Ni20d/Crmp
Zn/Ni25d/Crb Zn/Cu20a/Ni20d/Crb
Partial designation in Service condition 4
Zn/Ni40p/Crr Zn/Cu20a/Ni35p/Crr
Zn/Ni35p/Crmc Zn/Cu20a/Ni30p/Crmc
Zn/Ni35p/Crmp Zn/Cu20a/Ni30p/Crmp
Zn/Ni35p/Crb Zn/Cu20a/Ni30p/Crb
Zn/Ni40s/Crr Zn/Cu20a/Ni35s/Crr
Zn/Ni35s/Crmc Zn/Cu20a/Ni30s/Crmc
Zn/Ni35s/Crmp Zn/Cu20a/Ni30s/Crmp
Zn/Ni35s/Crb Zn/Cu20a/Ni30s/Crb
Zn/Ni40b/Crr Zn/Cu20a/Ni35b/Crr
Zn/Ni35b/Crmc Zn/Cu20a/Ni30b/Crmc
Zn/Ni35b/Crmp Zn/Cu20a/Ni30b/Crmp
Zn/Ni35b/Crb Zn/Cu20a/Ni30b/Crb
ISO/DIS 1456:2025(en)
TTabablele 2 2 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Zn/Ni35d/Crr Zn/Cu20a/Ni30d/Crr
Zn/Ni30d/Crmc Zn/Cu20a/Ni25d/Crmc
Zn/Ni30d/Crmp Zn/Cu20a/Ni25d/Crmp
Zn/Ni30d/Crb Zn/Cu20a/Ni25d/Crb
Partial designation in Service condition 5
Zn/Ni45d/Crmc Zn/Cu25a/Ni35d/Crmc
Zn/Ni45d/Crmp Zn/Cu25a/Ni35d/Crmp
Table 3 — Coatings on copper and copper alloys
Ni Cu + Ni Ni + Cr Cu + Ni + Cr
Partial designation in Service condition 1
Cu/Ni8s Cu/Ni8s/Crr
Cu/Ni8s/Crb
Cu/Ni8b Cu/Ni8b/Crr
Cu/Ni8b/Crb
Partial designation in Service condition 2
Cu/Ni15p Cu/Ni12p/Crr
Cu/Ni10p/Crmc
Cu/Ni10p/Crmp
Cu/Ni10p/Crb
Cu/Ni15s Cu/Ni12s/Crr
Cu/Ni10s/Crmc
Cu/Ni10s/Crmp
Cu/Ni10s/Crb
Cu/Ni15b Cu/Ni12b/Crr
Cu/Ni10b/Crmc
Cu/Ni10b/Crmp
Cu/Ni10b/Crb
Partial designation in Service condition 3
Cu/Ni25p Cu/Ni20p/Crr
Cu/Ni15p/Crmc
Cu/Ni15p/Crmp
Cu/Ni15p/Crb
Cu/Ni25s Cu/Ni20s/Crr
Cu/Ni15s/Crmc
Cu/Ni15s/Crmp
Cu/Ni15s/Crb
Cu/Ni25b Cu/Ni20b/Crr
Cu/Ni15b/Crmc
Cu//Ni15b/Crmp
Cu/Ni15b/Crb
Cu/Ni20d Cu/Ni15d/Crr
Cu/Ni12d/Crmc
Cu/Ni12d/Crmp
Cu/Ni12d/Crb
ISO/DIS 1456:2025(en)
Ni Cu + Ni Ni + Cr Cu + Ni + Cr
Partial designation in Service condition 4
Cu/Ni30p/Crr
Cu/Ni25p/Crmc
Cu/Ni25p/Crmp
Cu/Ni25p/Crb
Cu/Ni30s/Crr
Cu/Ni25s/Crmc
Cu/Ni25s/Crmp
Cu/Ni25s/Crb
Cu/Ni30b/Crr
Cu/Ni25b/Crmc
Cu/Ni25b/Crmp
Cu/Ni25b/Crb
Cu/Ni25d/Crr
Cu/Ni20d/Crmc
Cu/Ni20d/Crmp
Cu/Ni20d/Crb
Partial designation in Service condition 5
Cu/Ni45d/Crmc
Cu/Ni45d/Crmp
Table 4 — Coatings on aluminium and aluminium alloys
Ni Cu Ni + Cr Cu + Ni + Cr
Partial designation in Service condition 1
Al/Ni10b Al/Ni10b/Crr
Partial designation in Service condition 2
Al/Ni25p Al/Ni25p/Crr
Al/Ni20p/Crmc
Al/Ni20p/Crmp
Al/Ni25s Al/Ni25s/Crr
Al/Ni20s/Crmc
Al/Ni20s/Crmp
Al/Ni25b Al/Ni25bCrr
Al/Ni20b/Crmc
Al/Ni20b/Crmp
Al/Ni20d Al/Ni20d/Crr
Al/Ni15d/Crmc
Al/Ni15d/Crmp
Partial designation in Service condition 3
Al/Ni35p Al/Ni35p/Crr
Al/Ni30p/Crmc
Al/Ni30p/Crmp
Al/Ni35s
Al/Ni35b Al/Ni35b/Crr
Al/Ni30b/Crmc
Al/Ni30b/Crmp
ISO/DIS 1456:2025(en)
TTabablele 4 4 ((ccoonnttiinnueuedd))
Al/Ni30d Al/Ni30d/Crr
Al/Ni25d/Crmc
Al/Ni25d/Crmp
Partial designation in Service condition 4
Al/Ni45d/Crr
Al/Ni35d/Crmc
Al/Ni35d/Crmp
Partial designation in Service condition 5
Al/Ni50d/Crmc
Al/Ni50d/Crmp
5.5 Type of copper coating
The type of copper is designated by the symbol “a” for ductile, levelling copper electrodeposited from
acid-type solutions [see 4.2 c)].
An initial copper coating, 5 µm to 10 µm thick, is normally applied to iron and steel from a copper cyanide
solution before electroplating with ductile acid copper to prevent immersion deposition and poorly adherent
deposits. The initial copper coating (copper strike) may not be substituted for any portion of the ductile acid
copper specified in Table 1.
Zinc alloys are first electroplated with copper to ensure adhesion of the subsequent nickel coatings. The
initial layer of copper is usually electrodeposited from a copper cyanide solution, but cyanide-free alkaline
copper solutions can also be used. The minimum thickness of the initial copper layer is 8 µm to 10 µm.
For articles of complex shape, the minimum copper thickness may be increased to about 15 μm to ensure
adequate coverage on low-current density areas outside the significant surfaces. Ductile, levelling copper
electrodeposited from acid solutions is usually applied over the initial cyanide copper deposit when the
specified copper thickness is greater than 10 µm.
For aluminium and aluminium alloys, suitable immersion deposits of zinc or tin, electrodeposited copper
or other undercoats are necessary as part of the preparation for electroplating to ensure adhesion
(see ISO 27831-2) prior to application of the designated nickel coatings given in Table 4.
5.6 Types of nickel coating
The types of nickel coating shall be designated by the following symbols:
— b, for decorative, sulfur-containing bright, semi-bright, or satin nickel with a lamellar structure;
— i, for high-sulfur-containing bright, semi-bright or dull nickel with a lamellar structure that has not been
mechanically polished;
— p, for dull or semi-bright nickel which has been mechanically polished;
— s, for sulfur-free dull or semi-bright nickel with a columnar structure that has not been mechanically
polished;
— d, for double- or triple-layer nickel, the requirements for which are given in Table 5.
If sulfur-containing or sulfur-free bright, semi-bright or dull nickel, with or without mechanical polishing is
required, it shall be specified by the purchaser [see 4.1 e)].
The sulfur contents are specified to indicate the type of nickel plating solution that is to be used. No simple
method exists for determining the sulfur content of a nickel deposit on a coated article. However, an accurate
determination is possible on a specially prepared test specimen using the methods specified in Annex D. It
will usually be possible to identify the type and to determine the ratios of nickel layers by microscopical
examination of a polished and etched section of an article prepared in accordance with ISO 1463, or by means
ISO/DIS 1456:2025(en)
of the STEP test in accordance with ISO 16866. The test method for determination of specific elongation (or
ductility) is specified in Annex C.
Table 5 — Requirements for double- and triple-layer nickel coatings (see Annex E for further
explanation)
Layer Specific elon- Potential difference Sulfur mass Thickness
(type of nick- gation fraction
as a percentage
el)
% mV % of total nickel thickness
Double nickel Triple nickel Double layer Triple layer
Bottom (s) > 8 < 0,005 30 to 60 ≥ 50
≥ 120
Middle (i-type) — ≥ 80 > 0,15 — 10
Top (b) — ≥ 15 > 0,04 to < 0,15 40 to 70 ≤ 40
5.7 Types and thicknesses of chromium
The type and thickness of the chromium shall be designated by the following symbols placed after the
chemical symbol, Cr, as follows:
— b, black chromium having a thicknesses in the range 0,5 µm to 2 µm;
— r, for regular (i.e. conventional) chromium having a minimum local thickness of 0,3 µm;
— mc, for micro-cracked chromium having more than 200 cracks per centimetre in any direction, forming a
closed network over the whole of the significant surface when determined by one of the methods specified
in Annex A and having a minimum local thickness of 0,5 µm; with some processes, a substantially greater
thickness (0,8 µm or above) of chromium can be required to achieve the necessary crack pattern, in which
case the minimum local thickness shall be included in the coating designation as follows: Crmc (0,8);
— mp, for micro-porous chromium, containing a minimum of 10 000 pores per square centimetre when
determined by one of the methods specified in Annex A and having a local thickness of 0,1 µm to 0,5 µm;
the pores shall be invisible to the unaided eye or corrected vision.
Micro-porous chromium is achieved by depositing the chromium over a special thin nickel layer which
contains inert non-conducting particles, the special nickel layer being applied on top of b, s or d nickel (see 5.6).
The thickness of this special nickel layer is not taken into account for the required total thickness of nickel.
6 Requirements
6.1 Appearance
The electroplated article on its significant surface shall be free from clearly visible plating defects such as
blisters, pits, roughness, cracks, non-plated areas other than those arising from defects in the base metal,
stains or discolorations. The extent to which defects may occur on non-significant surfaces shall be specified
by the purchaser [see 4.1 i)]. Where rack marks on the significant surface are unavoidable, their position
shall be specified by the purchaser [see 4.1 j)]. The appearance shall be uniform and of an agreed colour and
approved samples of artefacts shall be used for comparison purposes [see 4.1 d)].
Appearance is inspected with the unaided eye or corrected vision, but without optical magnification.
6.2 Coating thickness
The thickness of the coating specified in the designation shall be the minimum local thickness. The minimum
local thickness of an electrodeposited coating shall be measured at any point on the significant surface that
can be touched by a ball 20 mm in diameter, unless otherwise specified by the purchaser [see 4.1 h) and
4.2 b)].
The thickness of the electrodeposited coating shall be measured by one of the methods described in Annex B.
ISO/DIS 1456:2025(en)
6.3 Double- and triple-layer nickel coatings
The requirements for double- and triple-layer nickel coatings are summarized in Table 5.
6.4 Adhesion
The coating shall be sufficiently adherent to the basis metal, and the separate layers of a multilayer nickel
coating shall be sufficiently adherent to each other, to pass either the file test or the thermal shock test
specifi
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