EN ISO 21432:2020
(Main)Non-destructive testing - Standard test method for determining residual stresses by neutron diffraction (ISO 21432:2019)
Non-destructive testing - Standard test method for determining residual stresses by neutron diffraction (ISO 21432:2019)
This document describes the test method for determining residual stresses in polycrystalline materials by neutron diffraction. It is applicable to both homogeneous and inhomogeneous materials including those containing distinct phases.
The principles of the neutron diffraction technique are outlined. Suggestions are provided on:
— the selection of appropriate diffracting lattice planes on which measurements should be made for different categories of materials,
— the specimen directions in which the measurements should be performed, and
— the volume of material examined in relation to the material grain size and the envisaged stress state.
Procedures are described for accurately positioning and aligning test pieces in a neutron beam and for precisely defining the volume of material sampled for the individual measurements.
The precautions needed for calibrating neutron diffraction instruments are described. Techniques for obtaining a stress-free reference are presented.
The methods of making individual measurements by neutron diffraction are described in detail. Procedures for analysing the results and for determining their statistical relevance are presented. Advice is provided on how to determine reliable estimates of residual stresses from the strain data and on how to estimate the uncertainty in the results.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Standardprüfverfahren zur Bestimmung von Eigenspannungen durch Neutronenbeugung (ISO 21432:2019)
Dieses Dokument beschreibt das Messverfahren zur Bestimmung von Eigenspannungen in polykristallinen Werkstoffen durch Neutronenbeugung. Es ist sowohl bei homogenen als auch bei inhomogenen Werkstoffen anwendbar, einschließlich derjenigen Werkstoffe, die verschiedene Phasen enthalten.
Die Grundlagen des Verfahrens der Neutronenbeugung werden kurz dargestellt. Es werden Vorschläge bezüglich folgender Punkte bereitgestellt:
- die Auswahl geeigneter Beugungsgitterebenen, an denen Messungen für jeweils unterschiedliche Werkstoffkategorien erfolgen sollten;
- die Richtungen der Probe, in denen die Messungen durchgeführt werden sollten; und
- das untersuchte Werkstoffvolumen im Verhältnis zur Korngröße des Werkstoffs und den erwarteten Spannungszustand.
Es werden Verfahren zur genauen Positionierung und Ausrichtung von Proben in einem Neutronenstrahl sowie zur genauen Festlegung des für die einzelnen Messungen genutzten Werkstoffvolumens beschrieben.
Es erfolgt eine Beschreibung der für die Kalibrierung der zur Neutronenbeugung verwendeten Instrumente erforderlichen Vorkehrungen. Es werden Verfahren vorgestellt, mit denen eine spannungsfreie Referenzprobe hergestellt werden kann.
Die Verfahren zur Durchführung von Einzelmessungen mittels Neutronenbeugung werden ausführlich beschrieben. Es werden Vorgehensweisen zur Analyse der Ergebnisse und zur Bestimmung ihrer statistischen Relevanz vorgestellt. Es werden Hinweise gegeben, wie zuverlässige Schätzwerte von Eigenspannungen aus den Dehnungswerten bestimmt und wie die Unsicherheit der Ergebnisse bestimmt werden kann.
WARNUNG - Dieses Dokument erhebt nicht den Anspruch, dass die möglicherweise mit seiner Anwendung verbundenen Sicherheitsprobleme angesprochen werden. Es liegt in der Verantwortung des Anwenders dieses Dokumentes, geeignete Vorkehrungen für den Arbeits und Gesundheitsschutz zu treffen und die Anwendbarkeit einschränkender Vorschriften vor der Anwendung zu bestimmen.
Essais non destructifs - Méthode normalisée de détermination des contraintes résiduelles par diffraction de neutrons (ISO 21432:2019)
AVERTISSEMENT — Le présent document n'a pas pour but de traiter des problèmes de sécurité qui sont, le cas échéant, liés à son utilisation. Il incombe à l'utilisateur du présent document de mettre en place des pratiques appropriées en matière d'hygiène et de sécurité, et de s'assurer de la conformité à la réglementation nationale en vigueur.
Neporušitvene preiskave - Standardizirana preskusna metoda za ugotavljanje zaostalih napetosti z uklonom nevtronskih žarkov (ISO 21432:2019)
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST-TS CEN ISO/TS 21432:2005
SIST-TS CEN ISO/TS 21432:2005/AC:2009
Neporušitvene preiskave - Standardizirana preskusna metoda za ugotavljanje
zaostalih napetosti z uklonom nevtronskih žarkov (ISO 21432:2019)
Non-destructive testing - Standard test method for determining residual stresses by
neutron diffraction (ISO 21432:2019)
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Standardprüfverfahren zur Bestimmung von
Eigenspannungen durch Neutronenbeugung (ISO 21432:2019)
Essais non destructifs - Méthode normalisée de détermination des contraintes
résiduelles par diffraction de neutrons (ISO 21432:2019)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 21432:2020
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 21432
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
September 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 19.100 Supersedes CEN ISO/TS 21432:2005
English Version
Non-destructive testing - Standard test method for
determining residual stresses by neutron diffraction (ISO
21432:2019)
Essais non destructifs - Méthode normalisée de Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Standardprüfverfahren zur
détermination des contraintes résiduelles par Bestimmung von Eigenspannungen durch
diffraction de neutrons (ISO 21432:2019) Neutronenbeugung (ISO 21432:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 31 August 2020.
This European Standard was corrected and reissued by the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre on 21 October 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIO N
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUN G
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 21432:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
The text of ISO 21432:2019 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 "Non-destructive
testing” of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as
which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2021, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by March 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN ISO/TS 21432:2005.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 21432:2019 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 21432:2020 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21432
First edition
2019-12
Non-destructive testing — Standard
test method for determining residual
stresses by neutron diffraction
Essais non destructifs — Méthode normalisée de détermination des
contraintes résiduelles par diffraction de neutrons
Reference number
ISO 21432:2019(E)
©
ISO 2019
ISO 21432:2019(E)
© ISO 2019
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2019 – All rights reserved
ISO 21432:2019(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 5
4.1 Symbols and units . 5
4.2 Subscripts . 7
4.3 Abbreviated terms . 7
5 Summary of method . 7
5.1 General . 7
5.2 Outline of the principle — Bragg’s law . 7
5.3 Neutron sources . 7
5.4 Strain determination . 8
5.4.1 General. 8
5.4.2 Monochromatic instrument . 8
5.4.3 TOF instrument . 8
5.5 Neutron diffractometers . 9
5.6 Stress determination . 9
6 Purpose, geometry and material .14
6.1 General .14
6.2 Purpose of the measurement .14
6.3 Geometry .14
6.4 Composition .14
6.5 Thermal/mechanical history .15
6.6 Phases and crystal structures .15
6.7 Homogeneity . .15
6.8 Microstructure .15
6.9 Texture .15
7 Preparations for measurements .15
7.1 General .15
7.2 Alignment and calibration of the instrument .15
7.3 Choice of diffraction conditions .16
7.3.1 Monochromatic instruments .16
7.3.2 TOF instruments .18
7.4 Positioning procedures .19
7.5 Gauge volumes .19
7.6 Methods for establishing the macroscopically stress-free or reference lattice spacing .20
8 Measurement and recording requirements .22
8.1 General .22
8.2 Recording requirements .22
8.2.1 General.22
8.2.2 General information — instrument .22
8.2.3 General information — specimen .
...
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