EN 843-4:2005
(Main)Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of monolithic ceramics at room temperature - Part 4: Vickers, Knoop and Rockwell superficial hardness
Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of monolithic ceramics at room temperature - Part 4: Vickers, Knoop and Rockwell superficial hardness
This part of EN 843 defines conditions for conducting, and provides guidelines concerning the value that may be ascribed to the results of, standard hardness tests when applied to advanced monolithic technical ceramics. It is assumed that the calibration and test procedures employed are exactly those for metallic materials. This European Standard refers to Rockwell A, Rockwell N-scale, Vickers, and Knoop hardness testing, as described in existing international standards.
Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften monolithischer Keramik bei Raumtemperatur - Teil 4: Härteprüfung nach Vickers, Knoop und Rockwell
Dieser Teil von EN 843 definiert Bedingungen für die Durchführung von Härteprüfungen an monolithischer
Hochleistungskeramik und gibt Richtlinien für die Bewertung der erhaltenen Ergebnisse. Es wird voraus-
gesetzt, dass Kalibrierung und Prüfablauf exakt denen für metallische Werkstoffe entsprechen. Diese
Europäische Norm nimmt Bezug auf die Härteprüfung nach Rockwell A, Rockwell N, Vickers und Knoop in
Übereinstimmung mit den einschlägigen Internationalen Normen.
Céramiques techniques avancées - Propriétés mécaniques des céramiques monolithiques à température ambiante - Partie 4 : Essais de dureté Vickers, Knoop et Rockwell superficiel
Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of monolithic ceramics at room temperature - Part 4: Vickers, Knoop and Rockwell superficial hardness
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Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-november-2005
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ENV 843-4:2000
Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of monolithic ceramics at
room temperature - Part 4: Vickers, Knoop and Rockwell superficial hardness
Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of monolithic ceramics at room
temperature - Part 4: Vickers, Knoop and Rockwell superficial hardness
Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften monolithischer Keramik bei
Raumtemperatur - Teil 4: Härteprüfung nach Vickers, Knoop und Rockwell
Céramiques techniques avancées - Propriétés mécaniques des céramiques
monolithiques a température ambiante - Partie 4 : Essais de dureté Vickers, Knoop et
Rockwell superficiel
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 843-4:2005
ICS:
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 843-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
June 2005
ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes ENV 843-4:1994
English version
Advanced technical ceramics - Mechanical properties of
monolithic ceramics at room temperature - Part 4: Vickers,
Knoop and Rockwell superficial hardness
Céramiques techniques avancées - Propriétés mécaniques Hochleistungskeramik - Mechanische Eigenschaften
des céramiques monolithiques à température ambiante- monolithischer Keramik bei Raumtemperatur - Teil 4:
Partie 4: Essais de dureté Vickers, Knoop et Rockwell Härteprüfung nach Vickers, Knoop und Rockwell
surperficiel
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 29 April 2005.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2005 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 843-4:2005: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents
Page
Foreword. 3
1 Scope. 4
2 Normative references. 4
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Significance and use. 5
4.1 General points . 5
4.2 Verification of test equipment . 5
4.3 Conversion of hardness numbers to other scales. 6
5 Test method: method A: Vickers test. 6
5.1 Principle . 6
5.2 Machine calibration . 7
5.3 Test piece. 7
5.4 Test procedure. 8
5.5 Accuracy and uncertainties. 8
6 Test method: Method B: Knoop test .9
6.1 Principle . 9
6.2 Machine calibration . 10
6.3 Test piece. 10
6.4 Test procedure. 10
6.5 Accuracy and uncertainties. 11
7 Test method: Method C: Rockwell tests. 11
7.1 Principle . 11
7.2 Machine calibration . 11
7.3 Test piece. 12
7.4 Test procedure. 12
7.5 Accuracy and uncertainties. 12
8 Interpretation . 13
8.1 Microstructural factors. 13
8.2 Interpretation of results . 13
9 Test report. 13
Annex A (informative) Interlaboratory evaluation of hardness test methods . 19
Bibliography . 21
Foreword
This document (EN 843-4:2005) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced
technical ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2005, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2005.
EN 843 'Advanced technical ceramics – Mechanical properties of monolithic ceramics at room
temperature ' consists of six parts:
Part 1: Determination of flexural strength
Part 2: Determination of Young’s modulus, shear modulus and Poisson’s ratio
Part 3: Determination of subcritical crack growth parameters from constant stressing rate flexural
strength tests
Part 4: Vickers, Knoop and Rockwell hardness tests
Part 5: Statistical analysis
Part 6: Guide for fractographic investigation
This document supersedes ENV 843-4:1994.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This part of EN 843 defines conditions for conducting, and provides guidelines concerning the value that
may be ascribed to the results of, standard hardness tests when applied to advanced monolithic technical
ceramics. It is assumed that the calibration and test procedures employed are exactly those for metallic
materials. This European Standard refers to Rockwell A, Rockwell N-scale, Vickers, and Knoop hardness
testing, as described in existing international standards.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
EN ISO 6507-1, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 1: Test method (ISO 6507-1:1997)
EN ISO 6507-2, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 2: Verification of testing machines
(ISO 6507-2:1997)
EN ISO 6507-3, Metallic materials — Vickers hardness test — Part 3: Calibration of reference blocks
(ISO 6507-3:1997)
EN ISO 6508-1, Metallic materials — Rockwell hardness test — Part 1: Test method (scales A, B, C,
D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (ISO 6508-1:1999)
EN ISO 6508-2, Metallic materials — Rockwell hardness test — Part 2: Verification and calibration of
testing machines (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (ISO 6508-2:1999)
EN ISO 6508-3, Metallic materials — Rockwell hardness test — Part 3: Calibration of reference
blocks (scales A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, K, N, T) (ISO 6508-3:1999)
EN ISO/IEC 17025, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
(ISO/IEC 17025:1999)
EN ISO 23878, Hardmetals — Vickers hardness test (ISO 3878:1983)
ISO 4545, Metallic materials — Hardness testing — Knoop test
ISO 4546, Metallic materials — Hardness test — Verification of Knoop hardness testing machines
ISO 9385, Glass and glass-ceramics — Knoop hardness test
ISO 14705, Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for
hardness of monolithic ceramics at room temperature
1)
OIML-36, Verification of indenters for hardness testing machines.
This international recommendation is available from the International Organization of Legal Metrology (OIML), 11, rue Tugot,
75009, Paris, France).
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
hardness
resistance displayed by a material to penetration by a hard indenter of defined geometry and forced into
the test surface in a prescribed manner
3.2
hardness number
hardness calculated in a specified hardness test, usually without units specified, derived from the depth of
penetration of the indenter or lateral dimension of the indentation, and the applied force
3.3
hardness indenter
hard device of defined geometry, and for the purposes of testing ceramics usually fabricated from single-
crystal diamond
NOTE Types of hardness test are defined in clause 5, 6, and 7 for Vickers, Knoop and Rockwell tests
respectively.
4 Significance and use
4.1 General points
The three types of test defined in clauses 5, 6 and 7 have been standardised for metallic materials, and
are widely used as a guide to the state of thermal treatment or work-hardening. In advanced technical
ceramics they are also widely used, especially to describe materials for applications in a wear
environment. Whereas in a metal a hardness test is a measure of the yield stress, in a brittle material the
deformation tends not to be homogeneous. In addition to plastic flow, there is usually some cracking and
fragmentation occurring, the extent of which has a marked effect on the apparent hardness and the ability
to perform meaningful measurements.
A hardness test on a range of widely differing ceramics will enable them to be ranked in order of
resistance to localised penetration, which may be correlated with other behavioural characteristics of
similar type, e.g. abrasive wear or erosion resistance. Such an interpretation may not be possible if
materials show similar characteristics because the discrimination shown by hardness tests may be
inadequate.
Uses beyond this application should be viewed with caution. It is, for example, recommended that
hardness tests are not used as a pass/fail criterion in a specification. The potential differences between
observers and/or test machines, as explained below, are too great for high levels of confidence in the test
results, leading to possible dispute between parties to the specification.
4.2 Verification of test equipment
Hardness standard test blocks are usually supplied with the test machine. It is imperative that they be
used for checking the machine behaviour and, in the case of Vickers and Knoop tests, also the visual
criteria being employed by the operator for measurement. The test block should also be used to ensure
that the indenter is free from chips or cracks which might easily develop when used on very hard
materials. Very high hardness calibration blocks are recommended when testing ceramics.
The test force for hardness measur
...
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