CEN ISO/TR 22411:2021
(Main)Ergonomics data for use in the application of ISO/IEC Guide 71:2014 (ISO/TR 22411:2021)
Ergonomics data for use in the application of ISO/IEC Guide 71:2014 (ISO/TR 22411:2021)
This document provides ergonomics data for standard developers to use in applying ISO/IEC Guide 71:2014 to address accessibility in standards. These data can also be used by ergonomists and designers to support the development of more accessible products, systems, services, environments, and facilities.
The ergonomics data include quantitative data and knowledge about basic human characteristics and capabilities as well as context-specific and task-specific data, all being based on ergonomics research. The data focused on the effects of ageing and/or consequences of various types of human sensory, physical, and cognitive disabilities. It does not contain general ergonomics data that have no direct relation to ageing or disabilities.
The data presented in this document are not exhaustive due to no available data for some aspects of human characteristics and capabilities with regard to ageing and disabilities.
Ergonomische Daten und Leitlinien für die Anwendung des ISO/IEC Guide 71 für Produkte und Dienstleistungen zur Berücksichtigung der Belange älterer und behinderter Menschen (ISO/TR 22411:2021)
Données ergonomiques destinées à être utilisées dans le cadre de l'application du Guide ISO/IEC 71:2014 (ISO/TR 22411:2021)
Ergonomski podatki in smernice za uporabo ISO/IEC Vodila 71:2014 (ISO/TR 22411:2021)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 22411:2011
Ergonomski podatki in smernice za uporabo ISO/IEC Vodila 71 za proizvode in
storitve, ki upoštevajo potrebe starejših in invalidnih oseb (ISO/DTR 22411:2020)
Ergonomics data and guidelines for the application of ISO/IEC Guide 71 to products and
services to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities (ISO/DTR
22411:2020)
Ergonomische Daten und Leitlinien für die Anwendung des ISO/IEC Guide 71 für
Produkte und Dienstleistungen zur Berücksichtigung der Belange älterer und behinderter
Menschen (ISO/DTR 22411:2020)
Données d'ergonomie et lignes directrices pour l'application du Guide ISO/IEC 71 aux
produits et services afin de répondre aux besoins des personnes âgées et de celles
ayant des incapacités (ISO/DTR 22411:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN ISO/TR 22411:2021
ICS:
01.120 Standardizacija. Splošna Standardization. General
pravila rules
11.180.01 Pripomočki za Aids for disabled and
onesposobljene in handicapped persons in
hendikepirane osebe na general
splošno
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
CEN ISO/TR 22411
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
January 2021
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 01.120; 11.180.01 Supersedes CEN ISO/TR 22411:2011
English Version
Ergonomics data for use in the application of ISO/IEC
Guide 71:2014 (ISO/TR 22411:2021)
Données ergonomiques destinées à être utilisées dans Ergonomische Daten und Leitlinien für die Anwendung
le cadre de l'application du Guide ISO/IEC 71:2014 des ISO/IEC Guide 71 für Produkte und
(ISO/TR 22411:2021) Dienstleistungen zur Berücksichtigung der Belange
älterer und behinderter Menschen (ISO/TR
22411:2021)
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 26 December 2020. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
122.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN ISO/TR 22411:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (CEN ISO/TR 22411:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159
"Ergonomics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN ISO/TR 22411:2011.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/TR 22411:2021 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/TR 22411:2021 without any
modification.
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 22411
Second edition
2021-01
Ergonomics data for use in the
application of ISO/IEC Guide 71:2014
Données ergonomiques destinées à être utilisées dans le cadre de
l'application du Guide ISO/IEC 71:2014
Reference number
ISO/TR 22411:2021(E)
©
ISO 2021
ISO/TR 22411:2021(E)
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
ISO/TR 22411:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Supporting ISO/IEC Guide 71 with human data . 2
5 Data selection and format . 3
5.1 Data selection . 3
5.2 Data format of this document . 4
5.3 How to use the data . 5
6 Sensory characteristics and capabilities . 5
6.1 Overview of sensory characteristics and capabilities . 5
6.2 Vision . 6
6.2.1 Visual sensitivity to colour (spectral sensitivity of the eye: ageing effect). 6
6.2.2 Colour category (spans of fundamental colour, young people, older
people, and people with low vision) . 9
6.2.3 Colour category (international comparison) .22
6.2.4 Contrast sensitivity (young people, older people and people with low vision) .25
6.2.5 Contrast for legibility (ageing effect) .28
6.2.6 Visual acuity (effects of age, viewing distance and luminance) .32
6.2.7 Minimum font size for legibility (effects of age, viewing distance and
luminance) .35
6.2.8 Minimum font size for legibility (international comparison) .37
6.2.9 Minimum font size for legibility (low vision) . .41
6.2.10 Disability glare (ageing effect) .44
6.2.11 Useful field of view (ageing effect) .47
6.2.12 Lighting level and visual performance (ageing effect) .52
6.2.13 Visibility of an indicator lamp: Context and task specific data (effects of
ageing and low vision) .55
6.3 Hearing .58
6.3.1 Hearing-sensitivity decrease as a function of age .58
6.3.2 Tone perception in quiet conditions (ageing effect) .60
6.3.3 Sensitivity to low-frequency tones (ageing effect) .62
6.3.4 Equal-loudness-level contours (ageing effect) .64
6.3.5 Tone perception in noisy conditions (ageing effect) .67
6.3.6 Sound pressure level of spoken announcements in public space (ageing effect) .70
6.3.7 Audible conditions for speech communication in a noisy environment
(ageing effect) .72
6.4 Touch .75
6.4.1 Tactile pressure sense and spatial resolution (ageing effect) .75
6.4.2 Tactile spatial resolution (people with visual disabilities) .77
6.4.3 Tactile spatial resolution (body location and ageing effect) .78
6.4.4 Tactile temporal resolution (sensitivity to vibration, ageing effect) .81
6.4.5 Legibility of tactile symbols and characters (effects of ageing and
experience in the use of tactile symbols and characters for people with
visual disabilities) .83
6.4.6 Legibility of tactile symbols and characters (international comparison) .85
6.5 Thermal sense .88
6.5.1 Surface temperature (ageing effect) .88
6.5.2 Air temperature (ageing effect) .89
6.5.3 Thermal comfort (physical disabilities) .92
7 Physical characteristics and capabilities .99
ISO/TR 22411:2021(E)
7.1 Overview of physical characteristics and capabilities .99
7.2 Physical characteristics related to body size . .101
7.2.1 Basic body size (design range from small to large size) .101
7.2.2 Grip diameter (ageing effect) .104
7.3 Movement – fine hand use abilities .106
7.3.1 Hand steadiness (ageing effect) .106
7.3.2 Eye-hand coordination (dexterity, ageing effect) .107
7.4 Movement – functions of upper body structure .110
7.4.1 Reach range (effects of ageing and stature) .110
th
7.4.2 Reach range (graspability, female 5 percentile of body size) .115
7.4.3 Reach range in three dimensions of height, forward distance (depth), and
left-right width for older people and people with disabilities (rh
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST-TP CEN ISO/TR 22411:2011
Ergonomski podatki in smernice za uporabo ISO/IEC Vodila 71:2014 (ISO/TR
22411:2021)
Ergonomics data for use in the application of ISO/IEC Guide 71:2014 (ISO/TR
22411:2021)
Ergonomische Daten und Leitlinien für die Anwendung des ISO/IEC Guide 71 für
Produkte und Dienstleistungen zur Berücksichtigung der Belange älterer und behinderter
Menschen (ISO/TR 22411:2021)
Données ergonomiques destinées à être utilisées dans le cadre de l'application du
Guide ISO/IEC 71:2014 (ISO/TR 22411:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN ISO/TR 22411:2021
ICS:
01.120 Standardizacija. Splošna Standardization. General
pravila rules
11.180.01 Pripomočki za Aids for disabled and
onesposobljene in handicapped persons in
hendikepirane osebe na general
splošno
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
CEN ISO/TR 22411
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
January 2021
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 01.120; 11.180.01 Supersedes CEN ISO/TR 22411:2011
English Version
Ergonomics data for use in the application of ISO/IEC
Guide 71:2014 (ISO/TR 22411:2021)
Données ergonomiques destinées à être utilisées dans Ergonomische Daten und Leitlinien für die Anwendung
le cadre de l'application du Guide ISO/IEC 71:2014 des ISO/IEC Guide 71 für Produkte und
(ISO/TR 22411:2021) Dienstleistungen zur Berücksichtigung der Belange
älterer und behinderter Menschen (ISO/TR
22411:2021)
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 26 December 2020. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
122.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN ISO/TR 22411:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (CEN ISO/TR 22411:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159
"Ergonomics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of
which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN ISO/TR 22411:2011.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO/TR 22411:2021 has been approved by CEN as CEN ISO/TR 22411:2021 without any
modification.
TECHNICAL ISO/TR
REPORT 22411
Second edition
2021-01
Ergonomics data for use in the
application of ISO/IEC Guide 71:2014
Données ergonomiques destinées à être utilisées dans le cadre de
l'application du Guide ISO/IEC 71:2014
Reference number
ISO/TR 22411:2021(E)
©
ISO 2021
ISO/TR 22411:2021(E)
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2021 – All rights reserved
ISO/TR 22411:2021(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction .vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Supporting ISO/IEC Guide 71 with human data . 2
5 Data selection and format . 3
5.1 Data selection . 3
5.2 Data format of this document . 4
5.3 How to use the data . 5
6 Sensory characteristics and capabilities . 5
6.1 Overview of sensory characteristics and capabilities . 5
6.2 Vision . 6
6.2.1 Visual sensitivity to colour (spectral sensitivity of the eye: ageing effect). 6
6.2.2 Colour category (spans of fundamental colour, young people, older
people, and people with low vision) . 9
6.2.3 Colour category (international comparison) .22
6.2.4 Contrast sensitivity (young people, older people and people with low vision) .25
6.2.5 Contrast for legibility (ageing effect) .28
6.2.6 Visual acuity (effects of age, viewing distance and luminance) .32
6.2.7 Minimum font size for legibility (effects of age, viewing distance and
luminance) .35
6.2.8 Minimum font size for legibility (international comparison) .37
6.2.9 Minimum font size for legibility (low vision) . .41
6.2.10 Disability glare (ageing effect) .44
6.2.11 Useful field of view (ageing effect) .47
6.2.12 Lighting level and visual performance (ageing effect) .52
6.2.13 Visibility of an indicator lamp: Context and task specific data (effects of
ageing and low vision) .55
6.3 Hearing .58
6.3.1 Hearing-sensitivity decrease as a function of age .58
6.3.2 Tone perception in quiet conditions (ageing effect) .60
6.3.3 Sensitivity to low-frequency tones (ageing effect) .62
6.3.4 Equal-loudness-level contours (ageing effect) .64
6.3.5 Tone perception in noisy conditions (ageing effect) .67
6.3.6 Sound pressure level of spoken announcements in public space (ageing effect) .70
6.3.7 Audible conditions for speech communication in a noisy environment
(ageing effect) .72
6.4 Touch .75
6.4.1 Tactile pressure sense and spatial resolution (ageing effect) .75
6.4.2 Tactile spatial resolution (people with visual disabilities) .77
6.4.3 Tactile spatial resolution (body location and ageing effect) .78
6.4.4 Tactile temporal resolution (sensitivity to vibration, ageing effect) .81
6.4.5 Legibility of tactile symbols and characters (effects of ageing and
experience in the use of tactile symbols and characters for people with
visual disabilities) .83
6.4.6 Legibility of tactile symbols and characters (international comparison) .85
6.5 Thermal sense .88
6.5.1 Surface temperature (ageing effect) .88
6.5.2 Air temperature (ageing effect) .89
6.5.3 Thermal comfort (physical disabilities) .92
7 Physical characteristics and capabilities .99
ISO/TR 22411:2021(E)
7.1 Overview of physical characteristics and capabilities .99
7.2 Physical characteristics related to body size . .101
7.2.1 Basic body size (design range from small to large size) .101
7.2.2 Grip diameter (ageing effect) .104
7.3 Movement – fine hand use abilities .106
7.3.1 Hand steadiness (ageing effect) .106
7.3.2 Eye-hand coordination (dexterity, ageing effect) .107
7.4 Movement – functions of upper body structure .110
7.4.1 Reach range (effects of ageing and stature) .110
th
7.4.2 Reach range (graspability, female 5 percentile of body size) .115
7.4.3 Reach range in three dimensions of height, forward distance (depth), and
left-right width for older people and people with disabilities (rheumatism
and Parkinson’s disease) .117
7.4.4 Rotation: pronation and supination (ageing effect) .
...
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