Additive manufacturing - Finished part properties - Orientation and location dependence of mechanical properties for metal powder bed fusion (ISO/ASTM DIS 52909:2021)

This document covers supplementary guidelines for evaluation of mechanical properties including static/quasi-static and dynamic testing of metals made by additive manufacturing (AM) to provide guidance toward reporting when results from testing of as-build specimen or those excised from printed parts made by this technique or both.
This document is provided to leverage already existing standards. Guidelines are provided for mechanical properties measurements and reporting for additively manufactured metallic specimen as well as those excised from parts.
This document does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
This document expands upon the nomenclature of ISO/ASTM 52900 and principles of ISO/ASTM 52921 and extends them specifically to metal additive manufacturing. The application of this document is primarily intended to provide guidance on orientation designations in cases where meaningful orientation/direction for AM cannot be obtained from available test methods.

Additive Fertigung von Metallen - Eigenschaften von Fertigteilen - Orientierung und Lage in Abhängigkeit der mechanischen Eigenschaften für pulverbettbasiertes Schmelzen (ISO/ASTM DIS 52909:2021)

Dieses Dokument enthält ergänzende Leitlinien für die Bewertung mechanischer Eigenschaften, einschließlich statischer/quasistatischer und dynamischer Prüfungen von Metallen, die mithilfe der additiven Fertigung (AM) hergestellt wurden, um eine Orientierungshilfe für die Angabe von Prüfergebnissen bereitzustellen, die aus mit dieser Technologie hergestellten oder aus gedruckten Teilen geschnittenen Prüfkörpern oder aus beiden bestehen.
Dieses Dokument dient dazu, bereits bestehende Normen zu ergänzen. Es enthält Richtlinien für die Messung mechanischer Eigenschaften und die Angabe der Ergebnisse für additiv hergestellte metallische Prüfkörper sowie für Prüfkörper, die aus Bauteilen geschnitten wurden.
In diesem Dokument werden nicht alle Sicherheitsrisiken behandelt, die bei Anwendung der Norm auftreten können. Es liegt in der Verantwortung des Anwenders dieses Dokuments, geeignete Vorkehrungen für den Arbeits-, Gesundheits- und Umweltschutz zu treffen und vor der Anwendung festzulegen, welche einschränkenden Vorschriften gelten.
Dieses Dokument erweitert die Nomenklatur von ISO/ASTM 52900 und die Grundsätze von ISO/ASTM 52921 und erweitert sie speziell auf die additive Fertigung von Metallen. Die Anwendung dieses Dokuments ist in erster Linie dazu gedacht, eine Anleitung für Ausrichtungsbezeichnungen in Fällen zu geben, in denen eine aussagekräftige Ausrichtung/Richtung für AM nicht durch verfügbare Prüfverfahren ermittelt werden kann.

Fabrication additive - Propriétés des pièces finies - Dépendance de l'orientation et de l'emplacement des propriétés mécaniques pour la fusion sur lit de poudre métallique (ISO/ASTM DIS 52909:2021)

Le présent document couvre les lignes directrices supplémentaires pour l’évaluation des propriétés mécaniques y compris les essais statiques/quasi statiques et dynamiques, des métaux réalisés par fabrication additive (FA) pour fournir des recommandations sur la consignation des résultats dans un rapport d’essais sur des éprouvettes conformes à l’exécution ou celles excisées à partir de pièces imprimées réalisées par cette technique, ou les deux.
Le présent document est fourni afin de tirer parti des normes déjà existantes. Des lignes directrices sont fournies pour le mesurage et la consignation dans un rapport des propriétés mécaniques des éprouvettes métalliques obtenues par fabrication additive et de celles excisées à partir de pièces.
Le présent document ne prétend pas répondre à toutes les préoccupations en matière de sécurité, le cas échéant, associées à son utilisation. Il est de la responsabilité de l’utilisateur de la présente norme d’établir des pratiques de sécurité, d’hygiène et d’environnement appropriées et de déterminer l’applicabilité des restrictions réglementaires avant utilisation.
Le présent document va au-delà de la nomenclature de l’ISO/ASTM 52900 et des principes de l’ISO/ASTM 52921 et les étend de façon spécifique à la fabrication additive des métaux. L’application du présent document est principalement destinée à fournir des recommandations sur les désignations relatives à l’orientation dans les cas où l’orientation/la direction utile pour la FA ne peut pas être obtenue par les méthodes d’essai disponibles.

[Not translated]

General Information

Status
Not Published
Current Stage
6055 - CEN Ratification completed (DOR) - Publishing
Due Date
23-Jul-2021

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52909:2022
01-februar-2022
[Not translated]

Additive manufacturing - Finished part properties - Orientation and location dependence

of mechanical properties for metal powder bed fusion (ISO/ASTM DIS 52909:2021)
Additive Fertigung - Eigenschaften von Fertigteilen - Orientierung und Lage in
Abhängigkeit der mechanischen Eigenschaften für pulverbettbasierte metallische
Bauteile (ISO/ASTM DIS 52909:2021)

Fabrication additive - Propriétés des pièces finies - Dépendance de l'orientation et de

l'emplacement des propriétés mécaniques pour la fusion sur lit de poudre métallique

(ISO/ASTM DIS 52909:2021)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN ISO/ASTM 52909
ICS:
25.030 3D-tiskanje Additive manufacturing
oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52909:2022 en,fr,de

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52909:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
ISO/ASTM DIS 52909
ISO/TC 261 Secretariat: DIN
Voting begins on: Voting terminates on:
2021-12-21 2022-03-15
Additive manufacturing — Finished part properties —
Orientation and location dependence of mechanical
properties for metal powder bed fusion
ICS: 25.030
This document is circulated as received from the committee secretariat.
THIS DOCUMENT IS A DRAFT CIRCULATED
FOR COMMENT AND APPROVAL. IT IS
ISO/CEN PARALLEL PROCESSING
THEREFORE SUBJECT TO CHANGE AND MAY
NOT BE REFERRED TO AS AN INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD UNTIL PUBLISHED AS SUCH.
IN ADDITION TO THEIR EVALUATION AS
BEING ACCEPTABLE FOR INDUSTRIAL,
TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL AND
USER PURPOSES, DRAFT INTERNATIONAL
STANDARDS MAY ON OCCASION HAVE TO
BE CONSIDERED IN THE LIGHT OF THEIR
POTENTIAL TO BECOME STANDARDS TO
WHICH REFERENCE MAY BE MADE IN
Reference number
NATIONAL REGULATIONS.
ISO/ASTM DIS 52909:2021(E)
RECIPIENTS OF THIS DRAFT ARE INVITED
TO SUBMIT, WITH THEIR COMMENTS,
NOTIFICATION OF ANY RELEVANT PATENT
RIGHTS OF WHICH THEY ARE AWARE AND TO
PROVIDE SUPPORTING DOCUMENTATION. © ISO/ASTM International 2021
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52909:2022
ISO/ASTM DIS 52909:2021(E)
COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT
© ISO/ASTM International 2021

All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may

be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on

the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below

or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester. In the United States, such requests should be sent to ASTM International.

ISO copyright office ASTM International
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Email: copyright@iso.org Email: khooper@astm.org
Website: www.iso.org Website: www.astm.org
Published in Switzerland
© ISO/ASTM International 2021 – All rights reserved
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ISO/ASTM DIS 52909:2021(E)
Contents Page

Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv

Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................v

1 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1

2 Normative references ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

3 Terms and definitions .................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

3.1 Definition ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

3.2 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

3.3 Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

4 Summary of guide ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 3

5 Significance and use .........................................................................................................................................................................................3

6 Procedure ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................4

7 Report .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4

7.1 General ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4

7.2 Additional requirements ............................................................................................................................................................... 4

Annex A (normative) Example raster (scan) strategies for reporting ............................................................................. 5

Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................12

iii
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Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards

bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out

through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical

committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International

organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.

ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of

electrotechnical standardization.

The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are

described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the

different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the

editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of

any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or

on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not

constitute an endorsement.

For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and

expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to

the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see

www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.

The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 261, Additive manufacturing, in cooperation

with ASTM Committee F42, Additive Manufacturing Technologies, on the basis of a partnership

agreement between ISO and ASTM International with the aim to create a common set of ISO/ASTM

standards on Additive Manufacturing.
© ISO/ASTM International 2021 – All rights reserved
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Introduction

AM produced metallic parts are being intensively developed and used more widely nowadays with

expected even a faster growth in near future. This document aims to support customers’ needs to

address specifics of the AM deposited parts – location and orientation dependent local properties and

their variations over the part or deposition chamber.

This document provides a list of accurate terminologies and existing standards dedicated to mechanical

testing of metallic material’s, guidance on designation of coordinate systems and their application to

AM deposited specimens/parts designation, and recommendations on possibilities for local properties

measurement.
© ISO/ASTM International 2021 – All rights reserved
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oSIST prEN ISO/ASTM 52909:2022
DRAFT INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO/ASTM DIS 52909:2021(E)
Additive manufacturing — Finished part properties —
Orientation and location dependence of mechanical
properties for metal powder bed fusion
1 Scope

This document covers supplementary guidelines for evaluation of mechanical properties including

static/quasi-static and dynamic testing of metals made by additive manufacturing (AM) to provide

guidance toward the reporting when results from testing of as build specimen or those excised from

printed parts made by this technique or both.

This document is provided to leverage already existing standards. Guidelines are provided for

mechanical properties measurements and reporting for additively manufactured metallic specimen as

well as those excised from parts.

This document does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is

the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environemental

practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This document expands upon the nomenclature of ISO/ASTM 52900 and principles of ISO/ASTM 52921

and extends them specifically to metal additive manufacturing. The application of this document

is primarily intended to provide guidance on orientation designations in cases where meaningful

orientation/direction for AM cannot be obtained from available test methods.
2 Normative references

The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content

constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For

undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

ISO 1099, Metallic materials — Fatigue testing — Axial force-controlled method
ISO 4506, Hardmetals — Compression test

ISO 6892-1, Metallic materials — Tensile testing — Part 1: Method of test at room temperature

ISO 12106, Metallic materials — Fatigue testing — Axial-strain-controlled method
ISO 12108, Metallic materials — Fatigue testing — Fatigue crack growth method

ISO 12135, Metallic materials — Unified method of test for the determination of quasistatic fracture

toughness
ISO/ASTM 52900, Additive manufacturing — General principles — Terminology

ISO/ASTM 52921, Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing—Coordinate Systems and Test

Methodologies
ASTM E8/E8M, Standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials

ASTM E9, Standard test methods of compression testing of metallic materials at room temperature

ASTM E23, Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials

ASTM E399, Standard test method for linear-elastic plane-strain fracture toughness kic of metallic

materials
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ASTM E466, Standard practice for conducting force-controlled constant amplitude axial fatigue tests of

metallic materials
ASTM E561, Standard test method for k-r curve determination
ASTM E606/E606M, Standard test method for strain-controlled fatigue testing
ASTM E647, Standard test method for measurement of fatigue crack growth rates

ASTM E1221, Standard test method for determining plane-strain crack-arrest fracture toughness, k , of

ferritic steels
ASTM E1820, Standard test method for measurement of fracture toughness
ASTM E1823, Terminology Relating to Fatigue and Fracture Testing

ASTM E1921, Test Method for Determination of Reference Temperature, T , for Ferritic Steels in the

Transition Range

ASTM E2248, Standard Test Method for Impact Testing of Miniaturized Charpy V-Notch Specimens

ASTM E2472, Standard test method for determination of resistance to stable crack extension under low-

constraint conditions

ASTM E2899, Standard test method for measurement of initiation toughness in surface cracks under

tension and bending

ASTM F2971, Practice for Reporting Data for Test Specimens Prepared by Additive Manufacturing

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/ASTM 52900 and

ISO/ASTM 52921 apply.

ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:

— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Definition
3.1.1
Part location

location of the part/samplespecimen location within the build volume. The part location is normally

specified by the X,Y, Z coordinates for the position of the geometric centre of the part´s bounding box

with respect to the build volume origin
3.2 Abbreviations

The abbreviations used in this document and in particular in Figure A.1 are listed in Table 1.

Table 1 — Abbreviations
Abbreviation Signification Comment
S Start any base of the specimen or part that provides a surface upon which
deposition starts (see annex A).
E End any area of a specimenor part that provides a surface upon which the the
specimen or part deposition ends. (see annex A)
M Middle mid-plane of a specimen or part between start and end. (see annex A)
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Table 1 (continued)
Abbreviation Signification Comment
B Both crack growth captures both start and end of build. (see Annex A)

RD Raster direction this may or may not be the same throughout the build. (see Annex A)

3.3 Acronyms

The acronyms used in this document are listed in Table 2. They are illustrated in Figure A.4.

Table 2 — Acronyms
Acronym Signification

XY, YX, XZ, ZX, the first letter represents the direction normal to the crack plane and the second letter represents

YZ, ZY the expected direction of crack extension

XYB indicates that crack growth captures both the start and end of the build in XY direction

XZE indicates that the crack growth occurs from the end to the start of build in the XZ direction

XZS indicates that the crack growth occurs from the start to the end of build in the XZ direction

YXB indicates that crack growth captures both the start and end of the build in YX direction

YZE indicates that the crack growth occurs from the end to the start of build in the YZ direction

YZS indicates that the crack growth occurs from the start to the end of build in the YZ direction

ZXM (or ZX1/2) indicates that crack growth occurs at the middle plane in ZX direction

In situations in which a test specimen is created from other locations with respect to the start of the

build (for example ¼, ¾, etc. distance from the start of the build) in the ZX direction, the notation

used should indicate this location. For example, ZX1/4 indicates that testing was conducted in the ZX

direction at a location one quarter of the way from the start of the build.

In situations where a test specimen (i.e. either a standard size or miniaturized specimen) is excised

from a portion of the build volume (e.g. from an actual part) this should be noted. The terminology

provided above should still be used to indicate the location of the excised sample with respect to the

original build volume.
4 Summary of guide

4.1 The purpose of this document is to provide guidelines for test methods referenced in Clause 2

and also use some of the terminologies defined in ISO/ASTM 52900 for use with metal additive

manufacturing test specimens. Test specimens may be built directly to net-shape, or near net-shape, or

excised from a part.

4.2 Standard geometries can be used based on the reference standards indicated in Clause 2, however,

direct testing of a part is a highly recommended practice for metal AM (See Annex A.6).

4.3 In order to investigate and document orientation and location-specific mechanical properties,

cut small-scale specimen from the relevant locations of the parts should be achieved . This document

describes some principles to applyfor the testing of various properties.
5 Significance and use

5.1 Although evaluation of mechanical properties of many additively manufactured materials can be

conducted using the guidelines developed for conventional materials within existing testing standards,

the coordinate systems and nomenclature specific to conventional materials testing (for example in

ASTM E399, ISO 12135 and ASTM E647) are not sufficient to be applicable across the full spectrum

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of specimens/parts produced by metal AM without causing confusion. This document is based on

the nomenclature and principles of ISO/ASTM 52921 and extends them specifically to metal AM. The

application of this document is primarily intended to provide guidance on orientation designations

in cases in which meaningful orientation/direction for AM cannot be obtained from available test

methods.

5.2 It shall be understood that the interpretations and guidelines in this document do not alter

the validity requirements of test methods nor can this
...

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