EN 1005-2:2003
(Main)Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 2: Manual handling of machinery and component parts of machinery
Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 2: Manual handling of machinery and component parts of machinery
This European Standard specifies ergonomic recommendations for the design of machinery involving manual handling in professional and domestic applications. This European Standard applies to the manual handling of objects of 3 kg or more. The standard provides data for ergonomic design and risk assessment concerning lifting, lowering and carrying in relation to the construction, transport and commissioning, use and decommissioning, disposal and dismantling of machinery.
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Menschliche körperliche Leistung - Teil 2: Manuelle Handhabung von Gegenständen in Verbindung mit Maschinen und Maschinenteilen
1 Anwendungsbereich
Diese Europäische Norm legt ergonomische Gestaltungsempfehlungen für Maschinen des beruflichen und häuslichen Gebrauchs fest, die eine manuelle Handhabung von Maschinen und Maschinenteilen, einschließlich zur Maschine gehörige Werkzeuge, erfordern.
Diese Europäische Norm gilt für die manuelle Handhabung von Maschinen, Maschinenteilen und Gegenständen, die von der Maschine bearbeitet werden (Eintrag/Ausstoss), mit einer Masse von 3 kg und darüber, und für das Tragen über eine Distanz von weniger als 2 m. Gegenstände mit einer Masse unter 3 kg werden in prEN 1005 51) behandelt. Die Norm liefert Daten für die ergonomische Gestaltung und die Risikobeurteilung bezüglich des Hebens, Senkens und Tragens von Lasten bei Aufbau/Aufstellung, Transport und Inbetriebnahme (Aufbau, Installation, Einstellung), Betrieb, Fehlersuche, Wartung, Einrichtung, Einweisung oder Umrüstung sowie Außerbetriebnahme, Demontage und Entsorgung von Maschinen.
Diese Norm liefert aktuelle Daten über die Gesamtbevölkerung und bestimmte Untergruppen (Erklärung unter Anhang A).
Der vorliegende Teil dieser Norm gilt nicht für das Halten von Gegenständen (ohne Gehen), das Schieben oder Ziehen von Gegenständen, handgeführte Maschinen oder die manuelle Lastenhandhabung in sitzender Körperstellung.
Die Festlegungen in diesem Dokument sind nicht auf Maschinen anwendbar, die vor dem Datum der Veröffentlichung dieses Dokuments durch das CEN hergestellt wurden.
Sécurité des machines - Performance physique humaine - Partie 2: Manutention manuelle de machines et d'éléments de machines
La présente Norme européenne spécifie des recommandations ergonomiques pour la conception de machines impliquant une manutention manuelle de la machine et de ses éléments, y compris les outils liés à la machine dans le cadre d'applications professionnelles et domestiques.
La présente Norme européenne s'applique à la manutention manuelle de machines, d'éléments de machines et d'objets traités par la machine (alimentation/évacuation), dont le poids est supérieur ou égal à 3 kg, à transporter sur une distance inférieure à 2 m. Les objets de moins de 3 kg sont traités dans le prEN 1005-51). Cette norme fournit des données pour une conception ergonomique et une appréciation des risques concernant les opérations de levage, de dépose et de transport de charges liées à l'assemblage/montage, au transport et à la mise en service (montage, installation, réglage), à l'exploitation, à la recherche des pannes, à la maintenance, au réglage, à l'apprentissage, ou passage d'un processus à un autre, et à la mise hors service, la mise au rebut et le démontage de la machine.
La présente norme fournit les données actuelles relatives à la population globale et à certaines catégories de population (précisé dans l'Annexe A).
La présente partie de la norme ne traite pas de la tenue d'objets (sans marcher), de la poussée ou de la traction d'objets, des machines portatives ou de la manutention en position assise.
Ce document n'est pas applicable aux machines fabriquées avant la date de publication du présent document par le CEN.
Varnost strojev - Človeške fizične zmogljivosti - 2. del: Ročno upravljanje strojev in njihovih sestavnih delov
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST EN 1005-2:2003
01-julij-2003
1DGRPHãþD
SIST ENV 1995-2:2000
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Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 2: Manual handling of
machinery and component parts of machinery
Sicherheit von Maschinen - Menschliche körperliche Leistung - Teil 2: Manuelle
Handhabung von Gegenständen in Verbindung mit Maschinen und Maschinenteilen
Sécurité des machines - Performance physique humaine - Partie 2: Manutention
manuelle de machines et d'éléments de machines
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 1005-2:2003
ICS:
13.110 Varnost strojev Safety of machinery
13.180 Ergonomija Ergonomics
SIST EN 1005-2:2003 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 1005-2
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2003
ICS 13.110; 13.180
English version
Safety of machinery - Human physical performance - Part 2:
Manual handling of machinery and component parts of
machinery
Sécurité des machines - Performance physique humaine - Sicherheit von Maschinen - Menschliche körperliche
Partie 2: Manutention manuelle de machines et d'éléments Leistung - Teil 2: Manuelle Handhabung von Gegenständen
de machines in Verbindung mit Maschinen und Maschinenteilen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 13 February 2003.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the official
versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels
© 2003 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1005-2:2003 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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EN 1005-2:2003 (E)
Contents
page
Foreword.3
Introduction .4
1 Scope .5
2 Normative references .5
3 Terms and definitions.5
4 Recommendations for the design of machinery and component parts where objects are lifted,
lowered and carried.5
4.1 General principles.5
4.2 Recommendations for the design of machinery .6
4.2.1 Systems without manual handling.6
4.2.2 Manual handling with technical aids .6
4.3 Risk assessment and recommendations for the design of machinery and component parts
involving manual handling .6
4.3.1 Approach to risk assessment.6
4.3.2 Hazard identification, risk estimation, risk evaluation and recommendations for risk reduction
by design .7
4.3.3 Risk assessment model .9
4.4 Information for use .16
(informative)
Annex A Populations characteristics and system design .18
A.1 Population characteristics.18
A.2 System design.18
A.2.1 Avoid constrained postures .18
A.2.2 Acceleration and movement accuracy .18
A.2.3 Minimise the discomfort, fatigue and stress on the operator.19
(informative)
Annex B Recommended thermal comfort requirements.20
Annex C (informative) Risk assessment worksheets.21
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship of this document with EC Directives.27
Bibliography .28
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EN 1005-2:2003 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 1005-2:2003) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN /TC 122, "Ergonomics", the
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or
by endorsement, at the latest by October 2003, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest
by October 2003.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the European
Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of EC Directive(s).
For relationship with EC Directives, see informative annex ZA, which is an integral part of this document.
EN 1005 consists of the following parts, under the general title "Safety of machinery - Human physical
performance":
Part 1: Terms and definitions;
Part 2: Manual handling of machinery and component parts of machinery;
Part 3: Recommended force limits for machinery operation;
1)
Part 4 : Evaluation of working postures and movements in relation to machinery;
1)
Part 5 : Risk assessment for repetitive handling at high frequency.
Annexes A, B and C are for informative.
This document includes a Bibliography.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal,
Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
1) This European Standard is under preparation by CEN/TC 122/WG 4 "Biomechanics".
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EN 1005-2:2003 (E)
Introduction
When designing and constructing machinery, the manufacturer should meet the essential requirements for safety
and health set out in the Machinery Directive. The manufacturer should assess the hazards of the machine and
consider these hazards related to the life cycle of the machine.
This European Standard is one of several ergonomic standards for the safety of machinery. EN 614-1 describes
the principles to be applied by designers in order to accommodate ergonomic factors.
This standard has been prepared to be a harmonised standard in the sense of the Machinery Directive and
associated EFTA regulations.
This European Standard is a type B standard as stated in EN 1070.
The provisions of this document can be supplemented or modified by a type C standard.
NOTE For machines which are covered by the scope of a type C standard and which have been designed and built
according to the provisions of that standard, the provisions of that type C standard take precedence over the provisions of this
type B standard.
Manual handling of loads can lead to a high risk of injury to the musculoskeletal system if the loads to be handled
are too heavy, and/or handled at high frequencies for long durations and/or in awkward postures. Disorders of the
musculoskeletal system are of a common occurrence throughout Europe. Manually applied effort is often required
by operators working with machines for their intended purpose. Risks exist if the design of the machinery is not in
accordance with ergonomic design principles. When designing and constructing machinery where manual handling
is required, this standard provides relevant data for working posture, load, frequency and duration. The design
criteria given in this standard can be used by the designer when making risk assessments.
This standard requires machinery designers to adopt a three stage approach to:
a) avoid manual handling activities wherever possible;
b) utilise technical aids;
c) further reduce the inherent level of risk by optimising handling activities.
For machines and their component parts which cannot be moved or transported by hand, see 4.2 in
EN 292-2:1991.
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EN 1005-2:2003 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies ergonomic recommendations for the design of machinery involving manual
handling of machinery and component parts of machinery, including tools linked to the machine, in professional
and domestic applications.
This European Standard applies to the manual handling of machinery, component parts of machinery and objects
processed by the machine (input/output) of 3 kg or more, for carrying less than 2 m. Objects of less than 3 kg are
1)
dealt with in prEN 1005-5 . The standard provides data for ergonomic design and risk assessment concerning
lifting, lowering and carrying in relation to the assembly/erection, transport and commissioning (assembly,
installation, adjustment), operation, fault finding, maintenance, setting, teaching or process changeover and
decommissioning, disposal and dismantling of machinery.
This standard provides current data on the general population and certain sub-populations (clarified in annex A).
This part of the standard does not cover the holding of objects (without walking), pushing or pulling of objects,
hand-held machines, or handling while seated.
This document is not applicable to specify the machinery which are manufactured before the date of publication of
this document by CEN.
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 292-2:1991, Safety of machinery – Basic concepts, general principles for design – Part 2: Technical principles
and specifications.
EN 614-1, Safety of machinery – Ergonomic design principles – Part 1: Terminology and general principles.
EN 1005-1:2001, Safety of machinery – Human physical performance – Part 1: Terms and definitions.
EN 1050, Safety of machinery – Principles for risk assessment.
EN 1070:1998, Safety of machinery – Terminology.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1005-1:2001 and EN 1070:1998
apply.
4 Recommendations for the design of machinery and component parts where objects
are lifted, lowered and carried
4.1 General principles
In order to minimise the risks to the health and safety of the operator, when lifting, lowering and carrying the
machine or component parts, the designer/manufacturer of the machine shall:
a) establish whether or not a hazard exists when manual handling activities are performed in relation to the
intended use of the machine. If a hazard exists, the risk assessment model should be applied. (see 4.3.1, 4.3.2
and 4.3.3);
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EN 1005-2:2003 (E)
b) remove the hazard by excluding the need for manual handling activities (lifting, lowering and carrying) for the
machinery or machinery-linked objects (see 4.2.1). If this is not possible, provide technical aids, additional to the
system (see 4.2.2), and/or design/redesign the machinery and machinery-linked objects according to ergonomic
principles (see 4.3);
c) provide technical specifications and instructions so that machinery is used appropriately and in the intended
manner covered by the risk assessment, technical specifications and instructions for use.
In all cases, the designer shall provide instructions concerning construction, transport and commissioning, use and
decommissioning of the machinery (see 4.4) to prevent risks for safety and health.
Technical aids for manual handling should preferably be incorporated into the machinery design and the machine.
Health, safety and productivity are most likely to be optimised if an ergonomic approach is used in designing the
system of work as a whole.
4.2 Recommendations for the design of machinery
4.2.1 Systems without manual handling
The best way to eliminate manual handling risks is to remove the need to handle manually. In general, those
designing new systems of work or installing new systems of machinery should consider introducing an integrated
handling system that fully utilises powered handling, rather than a manual system.
4.2.2 Manual handling with technical aids
Designers should ascertain whether suitable aids and equipment can be installed, particularly if the existing
practice involves frequent manual handling of objects and manual handling of objects weighing more than the
reference mass (see Table 1), or the precise movement of objects. Appropriate technical aids diminish or eliminate
the risk of musculoskeletal injury but may induce risks, for example, by the need for maintenance work. They may
also have implications for particular handling methods at subsequent points in the handling chain. Handling aids
should be compatible with the rest of the work system, including layout and access routes. They should be effective
for the full range of operational conditions likely to be encountered. In employing technical aids, more space could
be required for access to allow appropriate working postures.
When designing systems including manual handling follow the recommendations given in 4.3.2.
When considering the limits for manually pushing and pulling of technical aids, reference should be made to
1)
EN 1005-3. When considering working postures, reference should be made to prEN 1005-4 .
4.3 Risk assessment and recommendations for the design of machinery and component parts
involving manual handling
4.3.1 Approach to risk assessment
To control the risks to an individual's health and safety, it is necessary for the designer to identify relevant hazards
and to carry out an appropriate risk assessment. For general requirements of risk assessment, refer to EN 1050.
Manual handling risks shall be reduced by applying ergonomic principles at the design stage of the machinery, see
EN 614-1.
The risk assessment model presented here involves 3 methods. These methods have the same basis, but differ in
their complexity of application.
The first method is a quick screening method. Method 2, an easy to handle method, shall be applied if the
screening method indicates risks. Some additional risk factors can be taken into account in method 2. Method 3 is
an extended assessment method, which assesses risks in a more thorough way and is supplemented by additional
risk factors not presented in methods 1 and 2. All three methods have different levels of complexity. The most
efficient approach is to begin the risk assessment by applying method 1 (the most simple one) and use methods 2
and/or 3 only if the assumptions and/or operational situations identified in method 1 are not met.
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EN 1005-2:2003 (E)
Method 1 Method 2 Method 3
Carry out a Consider
No Carry out a No No
screening of additional
more detailed
the proposed variables.
Redesign
risk
Measures Measures
design. machinery.
Are the criteria
assessment.
should be should be
See 4.2
Are the criteria satisfied?
taken to Are the criteria taken to
satisfied?
satisfied?
improve ergo- improve ergo-
nomic design nomic design
Yes Yes Yes
Assessment shows that the risk is within acceptable limits
NOTE It is recommended to consider further steps to reduce risk factors to their lowest possible level.
Figure 1 — Flowchart identifying the step-wise approach to assessment
4.3.2 Hazard identification, risk estimation, risk evaluation and recommendations for risk reduction by
design
In this paragraph recommendations for the design of a manual handling situation at a low risk level are given. The
information is based on the state of the art of ergonomics. If these criteria are not met a risk assessment should be
done.
The following aspects (see 4.3.2.1 to 4.3.2.3) shall be taken into account when assessing and reducing the risks.
4.3.2.1 Objects
4.3.2.1.1 Mass
The mass of the object (machines, machinery parts, input/output) includes everything connected with it such as
packing, batteries, full magazines, etc. Technical aids needed for the manual handling activities are also included.
When designing machinery or components, the unit mass can be a hazard if an object is to be handled manually.
To define the safe maximum limit for the mass refer to 4.3.3.
4.3.2.1.2 Mass distribution/stability
The object ‘s centre of gravity is determined by the distribution of mass. Wherever possible, the centre of gravity of
the object should be within the object, distributed equally between both hands and positioned as close as possible
to the body. While handling, movement of the object's centre of gravity should be constrained. When this is not
possible (e.g. liquid), appropriate information should be marked on the object.
4.3.2.1.3 Size
Objects should be designed to be as compact as possible. When objects are gripped by both hands, the width of
the object should not exceed shoulder width (approximately 60 cm) and the depth of the object should not exceed
50 cm (recommended to be 35 cm or less) in order to keep the load close to the body. The height of the object
should be such that it does not obscure a person's visibility. If handling of the object needs one hand underneath
and one hand above the object, the object should be redesigned.
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EN 1005-2:2003 (E)
4.3.2.1.4 Grip/handles
The surface properties of objects (including packaging materials of new component parts) should be suitable for
handling. An object should be easy to grasp and hold and, therefore, should normally be equipped with handles or
suitable cut-outs.
The placement of the handles should be consistent with the centre of gravity of the object and the type of action
that is carried out, supporting to adopt the best working postures and movement during lifting and carrying. If the
handle is supposed to be horizontal, this should be done by the machine. Handles should not have sharp edges or
contain a risk of compressing the fingers. The shape of the handle should permit a hook-grip or power-grip with a
neutral hand-arm posture.
The diameter of the handle should be between 2 cm and 4 cm.
The width of handle/cut-out should be a minimum of 12,5 cm to ensure clearance for a gloved hand, with 7 cm
room above the fingers. The optimum shape of the handle should be cylindrical or elliptical. To assess the handgrip
(coupling) go to 4.3.3.2. or 4.3.3.3.
4.3.2.2 Operation-machine interface
4.3.2.2.1 Horizontal location and distance
Obstruction between the object and the body, such that the object cannot be lifted, lowered or carried close to the
body, is a hazard. The horizontal distance between the mid-point of the ankles and of the hands should be less
than 25 cm. If the horizontal distance is greater than this value, a risk assessment should be carried out in
accordance with 4.3.3.
4.3.2.2.2 Vertical location and displacement
The vertical grip position (measured from the knuckle of the middle finger to the ground) should be adjustable
between 60 cm and 90 cm. Vertical displacement of the object should not exceed 25 cm. If the vertical distance is
lower or higher, and/or the vertical displacement exceeds 25 cm, then a risk assessment should be carried out in
accordance with 4.3.3.
4.3.2.2.3 Frequency of operation
Machinery should be designed so that manual handling at high frequency is avoided. It should be possible to
regulate the frequency of the machine in relation to manual handling. A machinery design should, wherever
possible, allow some degree of autonomy. To assess the risks arising from a combination of the frequency and
mass, refer to 4.3.3.
4.3.2.2.4 Working postures
The designer should avoid awkward postures (e.g. twisting and bending, lifting from the ground) and prolonged
activities which lead to body fatigue during manual handling, for every stage of machinery-operation (including
assembly/erection, transport and commissioning, use and decommissioning). Occasional changes in posture
should be provided (see prEN 1005-4).
4.3.2.2.5 Manual carrying of loads
In general, machines should be designed so that manual carrying is avoided. Where this is not possible, the
maximum manual carrying distance should be as low as possible (less than 2 m).
4.3.2.2.6 One-handed handling
If an object is handled with one hand only it may be a hazard. If one-hand handling cannot be avoided a risk
assessment should be carried out (see 4.3.3.3).
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EN 1005-2:2003 (E)
4.3.2.2.7 Handling by two persons
Handling by two (or more) persons can be used to reduce the load on one operator, but it also creates additional
hazards because of difficulties in co-ordinating the movements and force exertions between the two (or more)
people performing the lift together. Ergonomic design shall eliminate the need for using two (or more) people for
lifts except in occasionally occurring special cases, for which a risk assessment should be carried out (see 4.3.3.3).
4.3.2.2.8 Handling including rotation of object
Manual handling of objects by turning around its axis should be avoided. Redesign is recommended by which
machinery or technical aids take over the handling.
4.3.2.2.9 Additional physical demands
Additional physical demands to the manual handling task may imply new hazards. If they cannot be avoided, a risk
assessment should be carried out (see 4.3.3.3).
4.3.2.2.10 Coupling
Unfavourable coupling conditions between hands and the objects handled or between the feet and floor may result
in hazardous situations. If they cannot be avoided, a risk assessment should be carried out (see 4.3.3.3).
4.3.2.3 Environmental factors
Environmental factors can create hazards and can impose additional risk.
If they cannot be avoided, qualified personnel should make a risk assessment. Environmental factors include
vibration, climate, thermal conditions (see EN ISO 7730), illumination, slippery ground, noise and chemical agents
(see ENV 26385).
4.3.3 Risk assessment model
This risk assessment model consists of three methods. Method 1 is a quick screening method. Method 2 shall be
applied if the screening method indicates risks. Some additional risk factors can be taken into account in method 2.
Method 3 is an extended assessment method which assesses risks in a more thorough way and is supplemented
by additional risk factors not presented in methods 1 or 2. All three methods have different levels of complexity.
The most efficient approach is to begin the risk assessment by applying method 1 (the simplest procedure) and use
methods 2 or 3 only if the assumptions or operational situations identified in method 1 are not met. Each method
requires three steps to be carried out:
Step 1: consider the reference mass in relation to the intended user population (see Table 1);
Step 2: carry out the risk assessment according to the worksheet, see 4.3.3.1 to 4.3.3.3;
Step 3: identify the action required:
no action, if risk level is tolerable;
redesign or;
use a more complex assessment method.
It is free to the designer to redesign already after Method 1, step 3 and not to go to Method 2. It is not a complete
iteration but a more detailed risk assessment in Method 2 and Method 3, based on same methodology.
For practical application see annex C.
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EN 1005-2:2003 (E)
Table 1 — Reference mass (M ) taking into consideration the intended user population
ref
Field of M [kg] Percentage of Population group
ref
application
F and M Females Males
a
5 Data not available Children and the elderly Total population
Domestic use
10 99 99 99 General domestic population
Professional use 15 95 90 99 General working population, General working
b
including the young and old population
(general)
25 85 70 90 Adult working population
Professional use 30 Data not available Special working population Special working
c
(exceptional) population
35
40
a
When designing a machine for domestic use, 10 kg should be used as a general reference mass in the risk assessment. If children
and elderly are included in the intended user population, the reference mass should be lowered to 5 kg.
b
When designing a machine for professional use, a reference mass of 25 kg should not be exceeded in general.
c
While every effort should be made to avoid manual handling activities or reduce the risks to the lowest possible level, there may be
exceptional circumstances where the reference mass might exceed 25 kg (e.g. where technological developments or interventions
are not sufficiently advanced). Under these special conditions other measures have to be taken to control the risk according to
EN 614-1 (e.g. technical aids, instructions and / or special training for the intended operator group).
4.3.3.1 Method 1: Screening by means of critical values
In this method the designer may choose one of three operational situations which is appropriate to the design. By
using this method a quick screening can be carried out. Limiting condition is that assumptions for handling
operation are fulfilled.
4.3.3.1.1 Consider the reference mass (step 1)
Identify the intended user population and select the reference mass (M ) according to the intended user population
ref
(Table 1).
4.3.3.1.2 Carry out the risk assessment (step 2)
Identify (tick) whether the handling operation meets the following criteria:
two-handed operation only;
unrestricted standing posture and movements;
handling by one person only;
smooth lifting;
good coupling between the hands and the objects handled;
good coupling between the feet and floor;
manual handling activities, other than lifting, are minimal;
2)
the objects to be lifted are not very cold , hot or contaminated;
2) see prEN ISO 13732-3 'Ergonomics of the thermal environment – Touching of cold surfaces – Part 3: Ergonomics data and
guidance for application (ISO/DIS 13732-3:2002)'
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EN 1005-2:2003 (E)
moderate ambient thermal environment.
If one or more of these criteria are not met, method 2 applies. If all criteria are met, then select one of the following
critical variables. These apply to a work shift of 8 h or less.
4.3.3.1.2.1 Critical variables
a) Critical mass (case 1)
the load handled does not exceed 70 % of the reference mass selected from Table 1;
vertical displacement of the load is less than or equal 25 cm and does not occur below hip or above
shoulder height;
the trunk is upright and not rotated;
the load is kept close to the body;
-3
the frequency of lifts is equal to or less than 3,33 × 10 Hz (1 lift per 5 min).
...
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