prEN 15180

Food processing machinery - Food depositors - Safety and hygiene requirements

This European Standard establishes safety requirements for food depositors.  This group of machines is defined in detail in clause 3.2 of this standard, with diagrams illustrating examples of the principle of operation of each machine type.
This standard covers the safety requirements for machine design, construction, installation, commissioning, operation, adjustment, maintenance and cleaning. This standard applies to machines manufactured after the date of issue of this standard.
NOTE   Although this standard is primarily intended to apply to depositors used in the food industry, it should also be noted that the same machines are also used to deposit non-food products. Where depositors are used for non-food products, the health and safety requirements of this standard will apply, but the hygiene requirements will not apply.
Exclusions
This standard is not applicable to the following machines:
¾   Auger depositors or auger fillers and gravimetric filling machines; safety requirements for these machines are contained in EN 415-3:2000.
¾   Food depositors that are powered exclusively by manual effort;
¾   Food depositors that were manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN;
This standard does not consider the following hazards:
¾   the use of food depositors in potentially explosive atmospheres;
¾   the health, safety or hygiene hazards associated with the products that may be handled by the machines, but does include general advice on this subject;
¾   hazards that may be associated with electromagnetic emissions from food depositors;
¾   hazards that may be associated with decommissioning food depositors.

Nahrungsmittelmaschinen - Nahrungsmittelportioniermaschinen - Sicherheits- und Hygieneanforderungen

Diese Europäische Norm stellt Sicherheitsanforderungen für Nahrungsmittelportioniermaschinen auf. Diese Gruppe von Maschinen wird detailliert mit Prinzipskizzen der Arbeitsweise jedes einzelnen Maschinentyps in 3.2 definiert.
Diese Norm deckt die Sicherheitsanforderungen für die Maschinengestaltung, Gestaltung, Installation, Auslieferung, den Betrieb, das Einrichten, die Wartung und Reinigung ab. Diese Norm gilt für Maschinen, die nach dem Veröffentlichungsdatum dieser Norm hergestellt werden.
ANMERKUNG   Obwohl diese Norm primär für Portioniermaschinen, die in der Nahrungsmittelindustrie eingesetzt werden, anzuwenden ist, sollte beachtet werden, dass dieselben Maschinen auch zum Portionieren anderer Produkte als Nahrungsmittel eingesetzt werden. Wo diese Portioniermaschinen im Nichtnahrungsmittelbereich eingesetzt werden, gelten die gleichen Gesundheits- und Sicherheitsanforderungen dieser Norm, die Hygieneanforderungen gelten jedoch nicht.

Machines pour les produits alimentaires - Doseuses alimentaires - Prescriptions relatives à la sécurité et à l'hygiène

La présente Norme européenne spécifie les prescriptions de sécurité pour les doseuses alimentaires. La
définition détaillée de ce type de machines est fournie au paragraphe 3.2 de la présente norme, avec des
schémas illustrant le principe de fonctionnement de chaque type de machine.
La présente norme traite des prescriptions de sécurité relatives à la conception, à la construction, à
l�installation, à la mise en service, au fonctionnement, au réglage, à la maintenance et au nettoyage des
machines. Elle s�applique aux machines fabriquées après la date de publication de la présente norme.
NOTE Bien que cette norme soit principalement destinée aux doseuses utilisées dans l�industrie alimentaire, il
convient de noter que les mêmes machines sont également utilisées pour des produits non alimentaires. Dans ce cas, les
prescriptions sanitaires et de sécurité définies dans la présente norme s�appliquent, tandis que les prescriptions relatives à
l�hygiène ne s�appliquent pas.

Stroji za predelavo hrane - Dodajalne naprave - Varnostne in higienske zahteve

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Publication Date: 26-Mar-2023
• ICS: 67.260 - Plants and equipment for the food industry
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 153 - Food processing machinery - Safety and hygiene specifications
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 153/WG 12 - Safety
• Current Stage: 3098 - Decision to reject - Consensus building
• Start Date: 24-Jul-2008
• Completion Date: 24-Jul-2008
• Directive: 2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)
• Directive: 98/37/EC - Machinery
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Ref Project: oSIST prEN 15180:2021 - Food processing machinery - Food depositors - Safety and hygiene requirements

Overview - prEN 15180: Food depositors safety and hygiene requirements

prEN 15180 is a CEN draft European standard that defines safety and hygiene requirements for food depositors used in food processing machinery. It addresses machine design, construction, installation, commissioning, operation, adjustment, maintenance and cleaning for machines manufactured after the date of issue. The standard is a type‑C standard (EN ISO 12100) and is intended primarily for depositors used with foodstuffs, although many requirements are also applicable when the same machines handle non‑food products (in which case hygiene requirements do not apply).

Key topics and technical requirements

• Machine types covered: detailed requirements for piston, chamber, roller, pump and screw depositors, with diagrams and component labelling for each type.
• Scope of safety: hazards during transport, assembly, installation, commissioning, use (including setting/programming and cleaning), maintenance, decommissioning, dismantling and scrapping.
• Design and construction: mechanical safety, guarding, ergonomic controls and safe product paths to reduce injury risk.
• Hygiene requirements: materials, surface finishes, accessibility for cleaning and measures to prevent contamination when used for food.
• Verification and testing: procedures for verification of safety measures, including noise test code in Annex A.
• Information and marking: requirements for manuals, instructions, signal/warning devices and nameplate marking.
• Exclusions and limits: does not apply to auger/gravimetric fillers (see EN 415‑3), manually powered depositors, machines made before publication, or hazards from explosive atmospheres, electromagnetic emissions or product‑specific health risks (general advice only).

Practical applications and users

Who will use prEN 15180:

• Machine manufacturers designing and certifying food depositors to meet EU machinery directives.
• Plant engineers and food processors selecting and installing depositors for production lines.
• Health & safety authorities and market surveillance assessing compliance with essential requirements.
• Maintenance and cleaning teams seeking prescriptive hygiene and servicing guidance. Practical value: helps reduce operator injuries, improves hygienic design for food safety, and supports regulatory conformity (relationship with Directive 2006/42/EC is covered in Annex ZA).

Related standards

• EN 415‑3:2000 - auger depositors / gravimetric filling machines (exclusion)
• EN ISO 12100 - general principles for machine risk assessment (type‑C context)
• Other CEN machine safety and ergonomics standards cited in normative references (e.g., EN 894 series, EN 618 and related handling equipment standards)

Keywords: prEN 15180, food depositors, safety and hygiene requirements, CEN, food processing machinery, piston depositor, chamber depositor, roller depositor, pump depositor, screw depositor, machinery safety.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2021
Stroji za predelavo hrane - Dodajalne naprave - Varnostne in higienske zahteve
Food processing machinery - Food depositors - Safety and hygiene requirements
Nahrungsmittelmaschinen - Nahrungsmittelportioniermaschinen - Sicherheits- und
Hygieneanforderungen
Machine pour les produits alimentaires - Doseuses alimentaires - Prescriptions relatives
à la sécurité et à l'hygiène
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 15180
ICS:
67.260 Tovarne in oprema za živilsko Plants and equipment for the
industrijo food industry
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2021
ICS 67.260 Will supersede EN 15180:2014
English Version
Food processing machinery - Food depositors - Safety and
hygiene requirements
Machine pour les produits alimentaires - Doseuses Nahrungsmittelmaschinen -
alimentaires - Prescriptions relatives à la sécurité et à Nahrungsmittelportioniermaschinen - Sicherheits- und
l'hygiène Hygieneanforderungen
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 153.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 15180:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction. 5
1 Scope . 6
1.1 General . 6
1.2 Types of food depositors. 6
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms and definitions. 12
4 Safety requirements . 13
4.1 General . 13
4.2 General requirements for food depositors . 13
4.3 Safety requirements for a piston depositor . 20
4.4 Safety requirements for a chamber depositor . 23
4.5 Safety requirements for a roller depositor . 24
4.6 Safety requirements for a pump depositor . 25
4.7 Safety requirements for a screw depositor. 26
5 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures. 28
6 Information for use . 30
6.1 General . 30
6.2 Signal and warning devices . 30
6.3 Accompanying documents (in particular the instruction handbook) . 31
6.4 Marking . 32
Annex A (normative) Noise test code . 33
A.1 General . 33
A.2 Determination of emission sound pressure level . 33

A.3 Sound power level determination . 33
A.4 Installation and mounting conditions . 33
A.5 Operating conditions . 34
A.6 Measurement uncertainties . 34
A.7 Information to be recorded . 34
A.8 Information to be reported . 35
A.9 Declaration and verification of noise emission values . 35
Annex B (informative) List of significant hazards . 37
B.1 General . 37
B.2 General food depositor hazards . 37
B.3 Hazards associated with a piston depositor . 40
B.4 Hazards associated with a chamber depositor . 41
B.5 Hazards associated with a roller depositor . 42
B.6 Hazards associated with a pump depositor . 42
B.7 Hazards associated with a screw depositor . 43
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 44
Bibliography . 47
European foreword
This document (prEN 15180:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 153 “Machinery
intended for use with foodstuffs and feed”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 15180:2014.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC.
For relationship with EU Directive 2006/42/EC, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of
this document.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
a) Normative references have been changed to reflect the changes that have been made to B1- and B2-
standards.
b) The structure of the standard has been changed so it complies with CEN Guide 414:2017.
c) Annex ZA has been revised so it complies with CEN Guide 414:2017.
Introduction
Food depositors are used extensively in Europe, in commercial and industrial food preparation
applications. They present some health and safety hazards that have the potential to cause serious injury.
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e. g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e. g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the Scope of this document.
When requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
1 Scope
1.1 General
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to food
depositors as listed in 1.2 and the equipment typically integrated with them, i.e. product pumps, product
elevators, conveyors and indexing mechanisms, when they are used as intended and under conditions of
misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex B).
This document deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events during transport,
assembly and installation, commissioning, use, decommissioning, disabling, dismantling and scrapping.
NOTE 1 According to the clause which is referred to, “use” includes “setting, teaching/programming or process
changeover, operation, cleaning, fault finding and maintenance”.
NOTE 2 Although this document is intended to apply to depositors used in the food industry, many of its
requirements can also be used for the same or similar machines used in other industries.
This document is not applicable to the following machines:
— auger depositors or auger fillers and gravimetric filling machines, safety requirements for these
machines are contained in EN 415-3;
— automatic dough dividers, safety requirements for these machines are contained in EN 12042;
— filling machines for sausages, safety requirements for these machines are contained in EN 12463;
— mincing machines, safety requirements for these machines are contained in EN 12331;
— food depositors that are powered exclusively by manual effort.
This document does not deal with the following hazards:
— hazards related to the use of food depositors in a potentially explosive atmosphere;
— hazards that may arise from using a food depositor to deposit a non-food product.
This document is not applicable to food depositors that were manufactured before the date of its
publication as a European Standard.
1.2 Types of food depositors
1.2.1 General
This document deals with five different types of food depositor. The component parts of each of the
different types of depositor are labelled in the figures shown in Clause 4 of this document.
1.2.2 Piston depositor
A piston depositor typically comprises a hopper, a rotary valve, a product measuring chamber in the form
of a piston and a product dispensing valve. Some piston depositors incorporate several product
measuring chambers and dispensing valves. Some designs dispense the product directly from the rotary
valve without the use of a separate product dispensing valve. The volume of product dispensed is varied
by altering the stroke of the product measuring chamber piston. Piston depositors are used to fill liquids,
liquids containing solids in suspension and pastes. The product dispensing valve may be attached rigidly
to the depositor or using a flexible pipe and in some cases is held by the operator. Figure 1 shows the
typical cross section of a piston depositor.
Figure 1 — Piston depositor
1.2.3 Chamber depositor
A chamber depositor comprises a hopper feeding one or more product measuring chambers that are filled
under gravity from the top. When the chamber has been filled with product the flow of product is stopped
either by moving the chamber or using a product cutting device. The product is then discharged through
the bottom of the chamber either by moving the chamber or by moving a plate in the base of the chamber.
The volume of product dispensed is varied by altering the volume of the chamber. Chamber depositors
are typically used to deposit free-flowing products like cooked rice or pasta. Figure 2 shows the typical
cross section of a chamber depositor.

Figure 2 — Chamber depositor
1.2.4 Roller depositor
A roller depositor typically comprises a hopper that feeds product to two or more fluted contra-rotating
rollers. These rollers force the product through one or more dies that shape the product. The product is
then separated using a product cutting device like a wire cut mechanism. On some designs of the machine
the dies are moved while the product is dispensed to produce a shaped product. The volume of product
dispensed is varied by altering the timing of the product cut-off device. Roller depositors are typically
used to deposit dough or confectionery products. Figure 3 shows the typical cross section of a roller
depositor.
Figure 3 — Roller depositor
1.2.5 Pump depositor
A pump depositor comprises a hopper that feeds a pump which in turn feeds pipe-work on which are
mounted one or more product dispensing valves. The dispensing valves may remain fixed, move up and
down or from side to side in synchronization with a product conveyor. The volume of product dispensed
is varied by altering the length of time that the dispensing valves are open. Pump depositors are typically
used to deposit liquids or liquids containing finely divided solids. Figure 4 shows the typical cross section
of a pump depositor.
Figure 4 — Pump depositor
1.2.6 Screw depositor
A screw depositor comprises a hopper in which a screw is mounted. When the screw rotates it draws
product from the hopper into a pipe. The hopper may be equipped with stirrers to move the product
towards the screw and a product measuring chamber or product dispensing valve may be fitted to the
discharge of the screw. The volume of product can be varied by increasing or decreasing the speed of the
screw, by varying the volume of the measuring chamber or by controlling the actuation of the product
dispensing valve. Screw depositors are typically used to deposit dough, pastes or creams. Figure 5 shows
the typical cross section of a screw depositor.

Figure 5 — Screw depositor
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 618:2002+A1:2010, Continuous handling equipment and systems — Safety and EMC requirements for
equipment for mechanical handling of bulk materials except fixed belt conveyors
EN 619:2002+A1:2010, Continuous handling equipment and systems — Safety and EMC requirements for
equipment for mechanical handling of unit loads
EN 620:2002+A1:2010, Continuous handling equipment and systems — Safety and EMC requirements for
fixed belt conveyors for bulk materials
EN 894-1:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators — Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators
EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control actuators — Part 2: Displays
EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and
control — Part 3: Control actuators
EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008, Safety of machinery — Human physical performance — Part 3: Recommended
force limits for machinery operation
EN 1672-2:2020, Food processing machinery — Basic concepts — Part 2: Hygiene and cleanability
requirements
EN 60204-1:2018, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General
requirements (IEC 60204-1:2016, modified)
1)
EN 60529:1991 , Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529:1989)
EN 61310-1:2008, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 1: Requirements for
visual, acoustic and tactile signals (IEC 61310-1:2007)
EN 61310-3:2008, Safety of machinery — Indication, marking and actuation — Part 3: Requirements for
the location and operation of actuators (IEC 61310-3:2007)
EN ISO 3744:2010, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise
sources using sound pressure — Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane
(ISO 3744:2010)
EN ISO 3746:2010, Acoustics — Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise
sources using sound pressure — Survey method using an enveloping measurement surface over a reflecting
plane (ISO 3746:2010)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 4414:2010, Pneumatic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4414:2010)
1) As impacted by EN 60529:1991/A1:2000 and EN 60529:1991/A2:2013.
EN ISO 4871:2009, Acoustics — Declaration and verification of noise emission values of machinery and
equipment (ISO 4871:1996)
EN ISO 7010:2020, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Registered safety signs
(ISO 7010:2019)
EN ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a
reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections (ISO 11201:2010)
EN ISO 11202:2010, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions applying approximate environmental
corrections (ISO 11202:2010)
EN ISO 12001:2009, Acoustics — Noise emitted by machinery and equipment — Rules for the drafting and
presentation of a noise test code (ISO 12001:1996)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13732-1:2008, Ergonomics of the thermal environment — Methods for the assessment of human
responses to contact with surfaces — Part 1: Hot surfaces (ISO 13732-1:2006)
EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2015)
EN ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop function — Principles for design
(ISO 13850:2015)
EN ISO 13851:2019, Safety of machinery — Two-hand control devices, principles for design and selection
(ISO 13851:2019)
EN ISO 13854:2019, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body
(ISO 13854:2017)
EN ISO 13855:2010, Safety of machinery — Positioning of safeguards with respect to the approach speeds
of parts of the human body (ISO 13855:2010)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
EN ISO 14118:2018, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up (ISO 14118:2017)
EN ISO 14119:2013, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for
design and selection (ISO 14119:2013)
EN ISO 14120:2015, Safety of machinery – Guards – General requirements for the design and construction
of fixed and moveable guards (ISO 14120:2015)
EN ISO 14122-1:2016, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 1: Choice
of fixed means and general requirements of access (ISO 14122-1:2016)
EN ISO 14122-2:2016, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 2: Working
platforms and walkways (ISO 14122-2:2016)
EN ISO 14122-3:2016, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 3: Stairs,
stepladders and guard-rails (ISO 14122-3:2016)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
product
material processed in a food depositor which may be a liquid, e.g. sauce, liquid containing suspended
solids, e.g. batter, paste, e.g. biscuit dough or solids, e.g. cooked rice
3.2
food depositor
machine that dispenses a food product in a predetermined volume or shape
3.3
product cutting device
mechanism that separates portions of food from a bulk supply of product
Note 1 to entry: Typical devices include rotary valves, wire-cut mechanisms, shear blades and iris valves.
3.4
product dispensing device
mechanism that controls the flow of product at the point of product delivery
Note 1 to entry: Typical devices include rotary valves, seating valves and slide valves.
3.5
product measuring chamber
chamber that is filled with product to measure out a predetermined volume of product and that will
typically incorporate a mechanism that allows the volume of the chamber to be varied so that the volume
of product dispensed can be changed
3.6
rise and fall mechanism
mechanism which is used to raise and lower a product dispensing valve to suit a particular container or
dispensing requirement
3.7
D-valve
rotary valve with a rotating element, which has a D-shaped cross-section (see Figure 1), used in a piston
depositor to move product from the hopper to the product measuring chamber and from the product
measuring chamber to the product dispensing valve
3.8
work cycle
single cycle of the measuring chamber of the dispensing valve
4 Safety requirements
4.1 General
All the machines in the scope of this document shall comply with the safety requirements and protective
or risk reduction measures in 4.2 and the relevant machine specific measures in 4.3 to 4.7.
4.2 General requirements for food depositors
4.2.1 Introduction
The following requirements apply to all food depositors in the scope of this document where the
equivalent hazard exists.
4.2.2 Requirements to eliminate mechanical hazards
4.2.2.1 Safeguarding of moving parts
4.2.2.1.1 Safety by design
Moving parts can be considered to be safe by design provided the parts are smooth, the force exerted by
the moving parts does not exceed 75 N, the pressure they exert against the part of the body most likely
to be in contact with the mechanism is less than 25 N/cm and their energy is less than 4 J. If the
hazardous movement is automatically reversed within 1 s when resistance is detected, the movement
can be considered as safe provided the force does not exceed 150 N, the pressure does not exceed
50 N/cm and the energy is less than 10 J.
Some crushing hazards from moving parts can also be made safe by design by ensuring sufficient distance
between moving and fixed parts and between one moving part and another part using the dimensions
indicated in EN ISO 13854:2019.
4.2.2.1.2 Fixed and interlocked guards
Moving parts which cannot be made safe by design shall be safeguarded by fixed or interlocked enclosing
guards complying with EN ISO 14120:2015 and dimensioned using EN ISO 13857:2019, Table 3, Table 4
and Table 6. Where distance guards are used they shall be dimensioned and positioned in accordance
with EN ISO 13857:2019, Table 2, but shall be at least 1 600 mm high. Where it is foreseeable that
someone will try to put their feet into a machine, e.g. because it is next to an access platform, guards shall
be dimensioned and positioned in accordance with EN ISO 13857:2019, Table 7, and any other relevant
tables of EN ISO 13857:2019.
4.2.2.1.3 Openings in guards
Openings in guards shall be positioned or dimensioned to prevent access to hazard zones within the
machine when standing on the floor or access level and reaching into the opening.
The minimum reach distance to the nearest hazard zone through the opening shall comply with
EN ISO 13857:2019, Table 3, Table 4, and Table 6.
4.2.2.1.4 Interlocking devices associated with guards
Moveable guards shall be interlocked with devices that comply with EN ISO 14119:2013, 4.2 and 4.3. The
requirements of EN ISO 14119:2013, Clauses 5, 7 and 8, shall be satisfied.
The design of the control system shall ensure that hazardous mechanisms, that can be reached by the
operator shall stop within 1,0 s of an interlocking guard without guard locking being opened. Where this
cannot be achieved, the guard shall be fitted with a guard locking device that prevents the guard from
being opened until the hazardous movement has stopped.
If the hazardous moving parts directly involved in the process cannot be stopped within 1,0 s, the relevant
interlocking guards shall be equipped with guard locking as defined in EN ISO 14119:2013, 3.4, and
complying with EN ISO 14119:2013, 4.3 and 5.7.
4.2.2.2 Safety requirements for hygienic design features
4.2.2.2.1 Quick release fixings
Where quick release fixings, which can be undone without the use of tools, are used to secure parts of
machines or guards that prevent access to hazard zones, an interlocking device complying with 4.2.2.1.4
shall be fitted which ensures that moving parts which could cause an injury do not move when the fixings
are removed. As far as technically possible these parts or guards shall comply with the relevant
requirements of 4.2.2.1.
4.2.2.2.2 Guarding under machines
Where the distance between the bottom of the machine frame and the floor is 120 mm or less, the
distance to the nearest hazard zone when reaching under the machine shall comply with of
EN 13857:2019, Table 3, Table 4 or Table 6.
Where the distance between the bottom of the machine frame and the floor is greater than 120 mm, the
safety distance to the nearest hazard zone shall be taken from EN 13857:2019, Table 2, and from
EN 13857:2019, Table 3, Table 4 and Table 6 if the underside of the machine is fitted with guards, e.g.
mesh guards which reduce the size of openings to 120 mm or less.
4.2.2.2.3 Spillage trays
Where the removal of spillage trays gives access to hazard zones, the tray shall either be secured with
fixings that can only be undone with tools or if access is required once a day or more often, shall be fitted
with an interlocking device complying with 4.2.2.1.4.
4.2.2.3 High pressure fluids
The machine shall be provided with a means to safely discharge pressurized product from the food
depositor.
All pneumatic systems, components and piping shall conform to the requirements of EN ISO 4414:2010.
All hydraulic systems, components and piping shall conform to the requirements of EN ISO 4413:2010.
4.2.3 Requirements to prevent electrical hazards
4.2.3.1 Electrical equipment
4.2.3.1.1 General
The electrical equipment of food depositors shall comply with EN 60204-1:2018 and the following.
4.2.3.1.2 Supply disconnecting device
The machine shall be equipped with a readily identifiable and accessible supply disconnection device.
This device shall be selected from those listed in EN 60204-1:2018, 5.3.2, and comply with
EN 60204-1:2018, 5.3.3 and 5.3.4. At least one such device shall be attached to the machine
4.2.3.1.3 Protection against electrical shock
Electric shock by direct contact shall be prevented by choosing one of the methods described in
EN 60204-1:2018, 6.2. Electric shock by indirect contact shall be prevented by choosing one of the
methods described in EN 60204-1:2018, 6.3.
4.2.3.1.4 Degree of protection
1)
The protection level for electrical enclosures, as defined by EN 60529:1991 , shall be selected for the
machine and its environment, in accordance with EN 60204-1:2018, 11.3, and with Table 1 and Table 2
of this document.
In addition to the requirements of 6.3, the instructions for use shall state any restrictions on cleaning
techniques, e.g.: “The electrical enclosures are protected to IP65, and so the machine should only be
cleaned using low pressure water.”
Table 1 — Degree of protection for dusty environments
Dusty environment Required degree of protection
1)
(EN 60529:1991 )
Non-conducting dusts IP 5X
Conducting dusts IP 6X
Table 2 — Degree of protection for different cleaning methods using water
Method of cleaning Required degree of protection
1)
(EN 60529:1991 )
Cleaning without water IP X3
Cleaning with a damp cloth IP X4
Cleaning with low pressure water (12,5 l/min
IP X5
maximum)
Cleaning with medium pressure water
IP X6
(100 l/min maximum)
Cleaning with high pressure water IP X8
1)
NOTE The tests for electrical enclosures stipulated by EN 60529:1991 use water. Therefore, if fluids other
than water are used for cleaning or the water contains a detergent, it may be necessary to use a higher IP rating
1)
than indicated by EN 60529:1991 and Table 2.
4.2.3.2 Electrostatic phenomena
On food depositors where there is a risk of a build-up of static electricity, earth bonding or static
elimination equipment shall be provided to ensure that no hazardous build-ups of static electricity occur.
4.2.4 Requirements to eliminate thermal hazards
The temperature of touchable surfaces of food depositors shall not exceed the burn thresholds defined in
EN ISO 13732-1:2008. If this is technically impossible the risk shall be eliminated with thermal insulation
or fixed guards. If these measures are not sufficient, a “Warning, hot surface”-pictogram ISO 7010-W017,
complying with EN ISO 7010:2020 as illustrated in Figure 12, shall be fitted either on or adjacent to the
hot surface.
4.2.5 Noise reduction
The main sources of noise on food depositors are drive mechanisms and compressed air exhaust.
Noise reduction of food depositors shall be an integral part of the design process and shall be achieved
particularly by applying measures to control noise at source.
Noise can be reduced or eliminated at source using measures that include the following:
a) drive mechanisms can be fitted with acoustic attenuation materials;
b) mechanisms should be designed so that they do not hit against each other;
c) air exhausts should be fitted with silencers.
Additional design measures can be found in EN ISO 11688-1:2009.
This list is not exhaustive, alternative technical measures for noise reduction with identical or greater
efficiency can be used.
The success of the noise reduction measures which have been applied is assessed by comparing the actual
noise emission values with other machines with similar non-acoustical technical specifications.
4.2.6 Requirements to prevent hazards caused by cleaning media
When selecting the method for cleaning the machine, preference shall be given to cleaning methods that
minimize the hazards to the operator and minimize the risk of contaminating the product, i.e. methods
that do not use hazardous chemicals.
If the cleaning method adopted recommends the use of hazardous chemicals, the machine and the
operating procedures shall be designed to minimize the risk to operators by providing:
— an automated handling, dilution, use and recovery system for the chemical (in-place cleaning
system);
— detailed instructions on the correct method of handling the chemical and cleaning the machine and
the appropriate personal protection equipment that shall be used.
Where steam or pressurized water is required to clean the depositor, the electrical equipment on the
machine shall be provided with the appropriate degree of protection as stated in 4.2.3.1.4.
4.2.7 Ergonomic design principles
4.2.7.1 Operating the machine
Controls and control devices shall comply with EN 60204-1:2018, Clause 10. In addition, the indicators
and actuators shall comply with EN 894-1:1997+A1:2008, EN 894-2:1997+A1:2008,
EN 894-3:2000+A1:2008, EN 61310-1:2008 and EN 61310-3:2008. Indication lights fitted to the machine
shall comply with EN 60204-1:2018, 10.3.2 and 10.3.3.
4.2.7.2 Loading product into the hopper
On machines where the hopper cannot be loaded from floor level without the risk of the operator
suffering muscular skeletal disorders, the machine shall either be provided with a mechanism to load
product into the hopper or a permanent means of access e.g. stairs and a platform complying with the
requirements of EN ISO 14122-1:2016, EN ISO 14122-2:2016 and EN ISO 14122-3:2016.
4.2.7.3 Feeding and removing containers
On machines where containers are fed to and/or removed from the depositor by hand, the design of the
hand feeding area shall use the ergonomic design principles indicated in EN 1005-3:2002+A1:2008 to
minimize the risk of muscular skeletal injuries.
4.2.7.4 Product changes
Where change parts are used, their mass, location and the procedure for moving the parts shall be
selected to minimise the risk of causing muscular skeletal disorders.
Where change parts have a mass greater than 25 kg, the parts shall be designed so that they can either be
lifted by two people or lifted and positioned with standard lifting equipment.
Where the mass of change parts is greater than 40 kg, the necessary lifting equipment to lift this change
part shall be supplied with the machine.
The change parts that will be moved by lifting equipment shall be legibly, indelibly and unambiguously
marked with their mass.
4.2.7.5 Cleaning the machine
The machine shall be designed so that the operator can reach all parts of the machine that need to be
cleaned without risk. This may involve designing the machine so that it can be indexed to a position where
cleaning can be carried out without the risk of injury or supplying permanent means of access where
parts cannot be accessed from floor level.
4.2.7.6 Maintenance
The design of the machine shall minimize the risk of physical strain to maintenance personnel, e.g. by
positioning heavy assemblies like drive motors in positions where they can be moved with standard
lifting equipment.
4.2.7.7 Moving the machine
The instruction handbook shall include information on how to move the machine safely.
Where a machine is equipped with wheels and is intended to be moved by an operator, the machine shall
be designed so it can be moved with a pushing force of no more than 250 N.
4.2.8 Requirements to prevent unexpected start-up or over-run
4.2.8.1 Control system
4.2.8.1.1 General
The control system shall be designed so that it does not start unexpectedly using the principles described
in EN ISO 14118:2018. In particular, the design of the control system shall prevent unexpected start-up
under the following conditions.
4.2.8.1.2 Short-term interventions in machines with electronic drive systems
Where hazardous movement of machinery is controlled by servo, rectifier, inverter or similar electronic
drive systems, the design of the safety related parts of the control system shall prevent unexpected start
up during short-term interventions, e.g. the removal of deposited products during normal operation.
Where the safety related pulse blocking, monitoring or control functions are achieved with electrical or
electronic control systems, they shall comply with performance level “d” of EN ISO 13849-1:2015.
The instruction handbook shall state that these methods of preventing the unexpected start-up of drives
are only suitable for short duration machine interventions and are not a substitute for safe isolation
procedures. The instructions shall state how these drives shall be isolated for other interventions, e.g.
maintenance or cleaning.
4.2.8.1.3 Electromagnetic immunity
The control system shall have sufficient immunity from electromagnetic interference to enable the food
depositor to operate safely in an industrial environment and not to fail to danger when exposed to both
conducted and radiated electromagnetic interference.
NOTE Guidance on electromagnetic immunity can be found in EN 61000-6-2.
4.2.8.2 Dissipation of stored energy
4.2.8.2.1 General
Power supply isolation devices shall comply with and be labelled according to 4.2.8.3.
Parts of food depositors that contain fluids under pressure shall be designed to minimize the risk of
releasing this pressure accidentally when stripping the machine during troubleshooting, cleaning or
maintenance.
4.2.8.2.2 Stop controls
The normal stops and emergency stops shall be stops of category 0 or 1 as defined in EN 60204-1:2018,
9.2.2, or their equivalent where the controls are pneumatic or hydraulic.
Workstations of food depositors shall be equipped with a normal stop device that complies with the
requirements above, which can be accessed easily from the operating position which can stop all of the
moving parts of the depositor and its container feeding system.
Food depositors shall be provided with an emergency stop button located on each control station. The
emergency stop function and device shall comply with EN ISO 13850:2015.
4.2.8.3 Means of isolation of energy supplies
All food depositors shall be equipped with a readily identifiable and accessible means of isolation of all
energy supplies which can be locked in the off position.
Compressed air isolation valves shall be clearly labelled to indicate their function and the method of
operation of the valve.
4.2.9 Ability to stop machine in the best position
The machine shall be designed so that it can be stopped and isolated in a position where it is possible to
clean the machine effectively without power being supplied to the machine.
4.2.10 Power supplies
The control system shall ensure that the depositor does not restart after the re-establishment of the
power supply and in other respects shall comply with EN 60204-1:2018, 7.5.
4.2.11 Safety-related parts of control systems
Unless stated otherwise in this standard the following minimum requirements shall apply:
— Safety-related parts of control systems shall comply with at least performance level “c” of
EN ISO 13849-1:2015.
— Hydraulic and pneumatic two-hand controls shall comply with type III A, and electric/electronic two-
hand controls shall comply with type III B of EN ISO 13851:2019. Two-hand-controls shall be
positioned in accordance with EN ISO 13855:2010.
4.2.12 Design to avoid fitting errors
The design of the machine shall minimize the risk of failures due to fitting errors by the operator, e.g. by
designing parts that need to be dismantled for cleaning so that they can only be assembled in the correct
orientation.
4.2.13 Stability of machines
4.2.13.1 Stability during operation
The machine shall be designed and constructed so that it is stable during normal use and foreseeable
abnormal situations.
The instruction handbook shall state if the machine shall be anchored to the floor or to another machine
before use and give detailed information about the methods and means of anchorage.
On machines fitted with wheels, at least two wheels shall be fitted with locking devices to ensure that the
machine does not move unexpectedly when it is in use.
If it is foreseeable that someone will stand on the machine, the machine or its fixings shall be designed to
ensure stability in this situation or the machine shall be designed in such a way that people are
discouraged from standing on the machine, e.g. using curved rather than flat surfaces.
4.2.13.2 Stability while being moved
Information shall be provided in the instruction handbook on how to move the machine without the risk
of it falling over.
Machines fitted with wheels s
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