EN ISO 22097:2023
(Main)Thermal insulation for buildings - Reflective insulation products - Determination of thermal performance (ISO 22097:2023)
Thermal insulation for buildings - Reflective insulation products - Determination of thermal performance (ISO 22097:2023)
This document describes a set of procedures for using existing standardized CEN or ISO test and calculation methods to determine the thermal performance of reflective insulation products. This document supports and does not replace existing CEN or ISO test methods.
This document applies to any thermal insulation product that derives a proportion of its claimed thermal properties from the presence of one or more reflective or low emissivity surfaces together with any associated airspace(s). It does not replace the existing procedures for the determination of the thermal performance of products already covered by an existing harmonized product standard where the declared value of these products does not specifically include any claims attributable to the emissivity of the facing. It does not, and cannot, give an in-use or design value of thermal performance, but provides standardized information from which these can be determined.
Wärmedämmstoffe für Gebäude - Reflektierende Dämmprodukte - Bestimmung der wärmetechnischen Eigenschaften (ISO 22097:2023)
Dieses Dokument beschreibt eine Reihe von Verfahren zur Anwendung bereits bestehender genormter CEN- oder ISO-Prüf- und Berechnungsverfahren, mit deren Hilfe die wärmetechnischen Eigenschaften von reflektierenden Dämmprodukten bestimmt werden können. Dieses Dokument unterstützt bestehende CEN- bzw. ISO-Prüfverfahren und ist nicht dafür vorgesehen, diese zu ersetzen.
Dieses Dokument ist anwendbar für alle Wärmedämmprodukte, bei denen die beanspruchten wärme-technischen Eigenschaften zu einem beträchtlichen Teil durch das Vorliegen einer oder mehrerer reflektierenden/r oder niedrigemittierenden/r Oberfläche(n) und dem/r zugehörigen Luftraum/räume erreicht werden. Es stellt keinen Ersatz für die bestehenden Verfahren zur Bestimmung der wärmetechnischen Eigenschaften von Produkten dar, die bereits durch eine bestehende harmonisierte Produktnorm abgedeckt sind, und bei denen die Nennwerte dieser Produkte keine spezifischen Ansprüche abdecken, die sich aus dem Emissionsgrad der Deckschicht ergeben. Es enthält weder einsatzbezogene noch Auslegungswerte wärmetechnischer Eigenschaften, und kann solche nicht angeben, stellt jedoch genormte Informationen bereit, anhand derer diese Werte bestimmt werden können.
Isolation thermique des bâtiments - Produits isolants réfléchissants - Détermination de la performance thermique (ISO 22097:2023)
Le présent document décrit un ensemble de modes opératoires pour l’utilisation de méthodes existantes d’essai et de calcul normalisées par le CEN et l’ISO pour déterminer la performance thermique des produits isolants réfléchissants. Le présent document vient à l’appui des méthodes d’essai CEN et ISO existantes, mais il n’est pas destiné à les remplacer.
Le présent document s’applique à tout produit d’isolation thermique dont une partie des propriétés thermiques déclarées est liée à la présence d’une ou plusieurs surfaces réfléchissantes ou à faible émissivité, ainsi qu’à toute lame d’air associée. Il ne remplace pas les modes opératoires existants pour la détermination de la performance thermique des produits déjà couverts par une norme de produit harmonisée existante lorsque la valeur déclarée de ces produits n’inclut pas spécifiquement des propriétés déclarées imputables à l’émissivité des parements. Il ne spécifie, et ne peut spécifier, aucune valeur d’utilisation ou de calcul de la performance thermique, mais il fournit des informations normalisées permettant de déterminer ces valeurs.
Toplotnoizolacijski proizvodi za stavbe - Odsevni izolacijski proizvodi - Ugotavljanje toplotnih lastnosti (ISO 22097:2023)
V tem dokumentu je opisan sklop postopkov za uporabo obstoječih standardiziranih preskusov CEN ali ISO in metod za izračun za ugotavljanje toplotnih lastnosti odsevnih izolacijskih proizvodov. Ta dokument podpira obstoječe metode preskušanja CEN ali ISO in jih ne nadomešča.
Ta dokument se uporablja za katere koli toplotnoizolacijske proizvode, pri katerih del zahtevanih toplotnih lastnosti izhaja iz prisotnosti enega ali več odsevnih površin ali površin nizke emisivnosti skupaj s povezanimi zračnimi prostori. Ne nadomešča obstoječih postopkov za določanje toplotnih lastnosti proizvodov, ki so že zajeti v obstoječem harmoniziranem standardu za proizvod, pri čemer deklarirana vrednost teh proizvodov ne vključuje posebej nobenih določil, ki jih je mogoče pripisati emisivnosti premaza. Ne podaja in ne more podati vrednosti toplotnih lastnosti med uporabo ali konstrukcije vrednosti toplotnih lastnosti, ampak zagotavlja standardizirane informacije, iz katerih jih je mogoče določiti.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 16012:2012+A1:2015
Toplotnoizolacijski proizvodi za stavbe - Odsevni izolacijski proizvodi -
Ugotavljanje toplotnih lastnosti (ISO 22097:2023)
Thermal insulation for buildings - Reflective insulation products - Determination of
thermal performance (ISO 22097:2023)
Wärmedämmstoffe für Gebäude - Reflektierende Wärmedämm-Produkte - Bestimmung
der Nennwerte der wärmetechnischen Eigenschaften (ISO 22097:2023)
Isolation thermique des bâtiments - Produits d’isolation réfléchissants - Détermination de
la performance thermique (ISO 22097:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22097:2023
ICS:
91.100.60 Materiali za toplotno in Thermal and sound insulating
zvočno izolacijo materials
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 22097
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
June 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.120.10 Supersedes EN 16012:2012+A1:2015
English Version
Thermal insulation for buildings - Reflective insulation
products - Determination of thermal performance (ISO
22097:2023)
Isolation thermique des bâtiments - Produits isolants Wärmedämmstoffe für Gebäude - Reflektierende
réfléchissants - Détermination de la performance Wärmedämmprodukte - Bestimmung der
thermique (ISO 22097:2023) wärmetechnischen Eigenschaften (ISO 22097:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 May 2023.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22097:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 22097:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163 "Thermal
performance and energy use in the built environment" in collaboration with Technical Committee
CEN/TC 89 “Thermal performance of buildings and building components” the secretariat of which is
held by SIS.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by December 2023, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by December 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 16012:2012+A1:2015.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards
body/national committee. A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 22097:2023 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 22097:2023 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22097
First edition
2023-06
Thermal insulation for buildings —
Reflective insulation products
— Determination of thermal
performance
Isolation thermique des bâtiments — Produits isolants réfléchissants
— Détermination de la performance thermique
Reference number
ISO 22097:2023(E)
ISO 22097:2023(E)
© ISO 2023
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
ISO 22097:2023(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms, definitions and symbols . 2
3.1 Terms and definitions . 2
3.2 Symbols and units . 2
4 Description of product types . 3
4.1 Product classification . 3
4.2 Product Type 1 . 3
4.3 Product Type 2 . 4
4.4 Product Type 3 . 4
4.5 Product Type 4 . 5
5 Methods of assessment . .6
5.1 General . 6
5.2 Thickness measurement . 6
5.3 Test specimens. 6
5.3.1 Size and number of specimens . 6
5.3.2 Conditioning and specimen preparation . 6
5.4 Determination of thermal resistance — Outline . 7
5.5 Determination of core thermal resistance of product Type 1 . 7
5.5.1 Test thicknesses . 7
5.5.2 Product thickness greater than 20 mm . 7
5.5.3 Product thickness less than or equal to 20 mm . 8
5.5.4 For all thicknesses and nominal thermal resistances . 8
5.6 Determination of core thermal resistance of Product Type 2 . 8
5.6.1 General . 8
5.6.2 Product Type 2 with surface indentations less than 2 mm in depth . 8
5.6.3 Product Type 2 with surface indentations greater than or equal to 2 mm,
but less than 5 mm in depth . 8
5.6.4 Product Type 2 with surface indentations 5 mm in depth or greater . 8
5.6.5 For either all thicknesses or nominal thermal resistances, or both . 9
5.7 Determination of core thermal resistance of product Type 3 (Method C) . 9
5.7.1 Principle . 9
5.7.2 Determination of the need for specimen conditioning . 9
5.7.3 Air cavity and specimen installation . 9
5.7.4 Hot box test conditions .12
5.7.5 Allowance for heat transfer around the specimen (edge surround) .12
5.7.6 Calculating the core thermal resistance of the product . 14
5.8 Determination of the thermal performance of product Type 4 . 14
5.9 Emissivity . 15
5.9.1 General .15
5.9.2 Measurement of emissivity . 15
6 Uncertainty .16
6.1 General . 16
6.2 Thickness measurements . 16
6.3 Use of thermocouples on thin samples in a guarded hot plate or in heat flow meter
measurement . 16
6.4 Use of dummy insulation specimens . 16
6.5 Derivation of the core resistance of a Type 3 product from hot box measurements . 16
7 Expression of results .17
iii
ISO 22097:2023(E)
7.1 Results derived from hot plate and emissivity measurements (products Type 1
and 2) . 17
7.2 Results derived from hot box and emissivity measurements (product Types 1, 2
and 3) . 17
7.3 Results derived from emissivity measurements only (product Type 4) . 18
8 Report .18
Annex A (normative) Decision making flow chart for identification of product types .19
Annex B (normative) Selection of test methodology for product type 1 when using a hot
plate method.20
Annex C (normative) Selection of the measurement technique for Product Type 2 .21
Annex D (normative) Measurement of emissivity using a thermal infra-red apparatus .22
Annex E (normative) “Dummy specimen” technique for the heat flow meter apparatus .28
Bibliography .30
iv
ISO 22097:2023(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to
the World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see
www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 163, Thermal performance and energy
use in the built environment, Subcommittee SC 3, Thermal insultation products, components and systems,
in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) Technical Committee CEN/
TC 89, Thermal performance of buildings and building components, in accordance with the Agreement on
technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www.iso.org/members.html.
v
ISO 22097:2023(E)
Introduction
Reflective (low emissivity at the appropriate wavelength) surfaces are utilized in a number of ways to
enhance the thermal performance of insulating products. Their role is to reduce the heat transfer by
thermal radiation in some parts of the system. This is achieved because low emissivity surfaces reduce
the radiant heat transferred through a product that is wholly or partially transparent to infra-red
radiation (e.g. very low-density fibrous insulation). They also reduce the radiant heat transfer across
any air gap or gaps that are present in the system. In some cases, air gaps can be an intrinsic part of the
structure and in other cases the insulation can be installed in such a way as to deliberately create an air
gap between the reflective surfaces and the structure.
When correctly installed in buildings, the thermal performance of reflective insulation products can be
influenced quite significantly by such air gaps, hence the value of thermal performance reported from
any of the test procedures should also be accompanied by a statement indicating the presence of, and
sizes of, any adjacent air spaces. For maximum versatility and reduced confusion, the measured values
from any test should be given as the combination of the thermal resistance of the “core” of the product
together with the measured value of the emissivity of the surfaces. This does not preclude the provision
of values indicating the total thermal resistance of a product and one or two airspaces (where relevant)
as additional information, provided full details of the product and the air spaces are included. Some
reflective insulation products have poorly defined thickness due to the nature of the materials and the
manufacture. Care is thus needed to define either the nominal thickness or the test thickness, or both.
When installed in buildings, the final thickness depends upon the degree of handling and fixing, which
is not addressed in this document. The purpose of this document is to provide harmonized procedures
to give reproducible measured thermal performance values that can be readily compared with other
thermal insulation products.
Since all conventional thermal insulation products declare their thermal performance on the basis of
the value to be expected over a reasonable working life, this is also addressed in a limited manner in
this document in the assessment of emissivity of the surface(s) of reflective insulation. In the absence
of any quantified and certified data on the aged performance of a facing over a normal lifetime for a
building material, the ageing of the low emissivity surface is assessed by use of an accelerated ageing
procedure.
How the thermal properties of insulation materials that utilize reflective surfaces are determined
depends on the form in which they are sold and how they are intended to be used. This document
describes a number of different approaches which can be utilized and specifies which approach to
use for the different types of product. Where a product is already subject to a product specification
that describes procedures for the measurement of the aged 90/90 fractile thermal conductivity
or thermal resistance of the core insulation material, the following guidance should only be used to
determine the component of its thermal performance that depends on the emissivity of its external
faces. However, the measured value is only the first step, giving comparative performance values under
specified conditions, and the design value can give more information for use by the designer in specific
applications, especially under different climatic conditions.
vi
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22097:2023(E)
Thermal insulation for buildings — Reflective insulation
products — Determination of thermal performance
1 Scope
This document describes a set of procedures for using existing standardized CEN or ISO test and
calculation methods to determine the thermal performance of reflective insulation products. This
document supports and does not replace existing CEN or ISO test methods.
This document applies to any thermal insulation product that derives a proportion of its claimed
thermal properties from the presence of one or more reflective or low emissivity surfaces together
with any associated airspace(s). It does not replace the existing procedures for the determination of
the thermal performance of products already covered by an existing harmonized product standard
where the declared value of these products does not specifically include any claims attributable to the
emissivity of the facing. It does not, and cannot, give an in-use or design value of thermal performance,
but provides standardized information from which these can be determined.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3, Uncertainty of measurement — Part 3: Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM: 1995)
EN 1946-2, Thermal performance of building products and components — Specific criteria for the
assessment of laboratories measuring heat transfer properties — Part 2: Measurements by guarded hot
plate method
EN 1946-3, Thermal performance of building products and components — Specific criteria for the
assessment of laboratories measuring heat transfer properties — Part 3: Measurements by heat flow meter
method
EN 1946-4, Thermal performance of building products and components — Specific criteria for the
assessment of laboratories measuring heat transfer properties — Part 4: Measurements by hot box methods
ISO 6946, Building components and building elements — Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance —
Calculation methods
ISO 7345, Thermal performance of buildings and building components — Physical quantities and definitions
ISO 8301, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties
— Heat flow meter apparatus
ISO 8302, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal resistance and related properties
— Guarded hot plate apparatus
ISO 8990, Thermal insulation — Determination of steady-state thermal transmission properties —
Calibrated and guarded hot box
ISO 9229, Thermal insulation — Vocabulary
ISO 9288, Thermal insulation — Heat transfer by radiation — Vocabulary
ISO 22097:2023(E)
ISO 10456:2007, Building materials and products — Hygrothermal properties — Tabulated design values
and procedures for determining declared and design thermal values
EN 12664, Thermal performance of building materials and products — Determination of thermal resistance
by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods — Dry and moist products of medium and low
thermal resistance
EN 12667, Thermal performance of building materials and products — Determination of thermal resistance
by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods — Products of high and medium thermal
resistance
ISO 29466:2022, Thermal insulating products for building applications — Determination of thickness
3 Terms, definitions and symbols
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 7345, ISO 9288, ISO 9229 and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at https:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
indentation
concave depression in the surface of the facing (foil), such that shallow air pockets are created when the
surface is in contact with a smooth flat plate
3.1.2
core thermal resistance
thermal resistance of the product from face to face at the tested thickness, excluding the contribution of
any low emissivity (3.1.3) outer surface or any air space(s) adjacent to the product
3.1.3
emissivity
ratio of the energy radiated by a surface relative to the energy radiated by a blackbody at the same
temperature
Note 1 to entry: It is a measure of a material's ability to radiate heat.
3.1.4
reflective surface
low emissivity surface
surface, which has a low emissivity at the appropriate wavelength within the temperature range found
in building elements
3.1.5
reflective insulation
insulation product, which has one or both external face(s) comprising a reflective (low emissivity)
surface
3.2 Symbols and units
For the purposes of this document, the following symbols and units apply.
ISO 22097:2023(E)
Symbol Quantity Unit
P perimeter m
R thermal resistance m K/W
U sensor signal V
ε emissivity —
λ thermal conductivity W/(m K)
ϕ heat flow rate W
ψ linear thermal transmittance W/(m K)
ΔΘ temperature difference K
Symbol Quantity
L low
H high
e edge
sur surround
90/90 90 % fractile with a confidence level of 90 %
4 Description of product types
4.1 Product classification
Clause 4 describes the various generic product types to which this document refers. Product type is
defined solely for the purpose of selecting the most appropriate test method (product type number does
not refer to a generic species of product). Together with 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4, the flow charts in Annexes A, B
and C shall be followed in assigning a given product to a product type.
In 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4, the product type is determined by reference to its compressibility or otherwise to
achieve flat parallel surfaces. This implies the removal of measurable air gaps between the specimen
and the hot and cold plates of the test apparatus whilst not unduly reducing the overall thickness of
the specimen to be tested. The thickness shall be determined using the procedures in 5.2 and shall, if
less than the nominal thickness, be the thickness subsequently used for the measurement of the core
thermal resistance and given in the test report. Otherwise, the nominal thickness shall be used.
4.2 Product Type 1
A product shall be classified as Type 1 when:
— it has a regular geometry with parallel faces; or
— it is compressible so that the product can be contained between, and in full contact with, the hot
and cold plates of the apparatus. Such Type 1 products can be so constrained without significantly
compressing the product below its nominal thickness or the thickness measured using the procedure
in Clause 5, whichever is the lesser. This is usually achieved when its surfaces are predominantly
smooth and flat with no discernible depth of pattern or indentation.
EXAMPLE Including (but not limited to) multi-foil insulation product which is stitched or seamed only at
the edges and substantially flat with parallel faces (see also the limitation in Clause 1) and some other insulation
materials with aluminium foil facing on each side (see Figure 1).
ISO 22097:2023(E)
Key
1 insulation core
2 low emissivity surface or surfaces
Figure 1 — Example of insulation material with reflective facing on each side
4.3 Product Type 2
A product shall be classified as Type 2 when:
— it has a regular geometry with parallel faces; or
— it is compressible so that the product can be contained between the test apparatus hot and cold
plates without significantly compressing the product below its nominal thickness or the thickness
measured using the procedure in Clause 5, whichever is the lesser. In addition, the surface or surfaces
may not be flat and smooth and can have indentations of less than 5 mm depth. The indentations
shall be measured using the pin and plate described in ISO 29466:2022, Clause B.1, or an alternative
method with at least the same level of accuracy. The pin shall be placed in the lowest point of any
indentation but shall not pierce the surface.
If the indentations are 5 mm or greater, it shall be classified as product Type 3.
EXAMPLE Including, but not limited to, some types of bubble foil insulation with reflective surfaces (see
Figure 2).
Key
1 air filled plastic bubbles
2 reflective surface(s)
Figure 2 — Example of bubble foil insulation with reflective surfaces
4.4 Product Type 3
A product shall be classified as Type 3 when:
— it has irregular thickness geometry and does not have flat parallel faces; or
— it cannot be installed between the hot and cold plates of the apparatus using the lesser of the nominal
thickness or the thickness measured using the procedure in Clause 5 to produce flat and parallel
faces, free of air spaces.
ISO 22097:2023(E)
A small degree of compression may be permitted to eliminate air gaps, but not exceeding 10 % of the
thickness, or 5 mm, whichever is the greater in mm.
NOTE 1 Its surfaces might or might not have indentations, the depth of which is not limited to any specific
value.
NOTE 2 It can include stitching or seams. A typical example would be the stitched multi-foil reflective
insulation products or sealed “pockets” or “pillows” made from reflective foil sheets, as shown in Figure 3.
Key
1 air filled plastic bubbles
2 reflective surface(s)
Figure 3 — Example of stitched multi-foil insulation
4.5 Product Type 4
Product Type 4 is a thin film or sheet, less than 2 mm thickness, using single or in multiple layers, which
makes use of a low emissivity surface to increase the thermal resistance of adjacent or enclosed air
space(s), but which has no significant thermal resistance of its own (see Figure 4).
a) 2-layer foil system b) 3-layer foil system
Key
1, 2, 3 foil layers
Figure 4 — Example of multiple layers of product Type 4 under flooring
ISO 22097:2023(E)
5 Methods of assessment
5.1 General
In addition to the general requirements for testing thermal performance in accordance with EN 12664,
EN 12667 and ISO 8990, the specific requirements for mounting of specimens given in 5.4 to 5.8 shall
also be followed. The measurement of thermal performance of reflective insulation products Type 1,
Type 2 and Type 3 shall require the measurement of the thickness of the specimens.
Thickness measurement shall be in accordance with 5.2.
The test conditions should be chosen to represent the intended market (temperate or tropical),
according to ISO 10456:2007, Table 1, and the relevant conditions for testing for determination of a
declared value shall be stipulated in the relevant product technical specification. Unless stipulated
elsewhere, thermal testing should use a mean temperature of either 10 °C or 23 °C. By default, this
document uses 10 °C as the reference condition.
5.2 Thickness measurement
With the exception of thin single layer films or sheets, the thickness of all types of product which are
in excess of a 2 mm nominal declared thickness shall be determined according to ISO 29466 using the
procedures in this document and other relevant product technical specifications. For all other reflective
products or in the absence of a product technical specification, the thickness shall be determined
in accordance with ISO 29466 using the lowest weight of plate permitted by the test method that
substantially eliminates any air gaps as per the compressibility criteria in Clause 4.
EXAMPLE The minimum weight of plate may be reduced from 50 Pa to 25 Pa.
The method of assessment for thickness and the values used for testing shall be given in the test report.
The thickness of thin films and sheets with a nominal, declared thickness of < 2 mm may not be
measured.
5.3 Test specimens
5.3.1 Size and number of specimens
The specimen size shall be appropriate to the apparatus being used. In the absence of harmonised
product specifications for any product type and to permit statistical calculation of the thermal
performance, a minimum of three samples shall be tested, taken from at least three different production
batches wherever possible, but shall be representative of the mean value of weight per unit area of the
product under test. Where a harmonized product specification exists, the rules from that standard
should be followed.
5.3.2 Conditioning and specimen preparation
Except for the measurement of emissivity, where special conditioning requirements exist, all test
specimens shall be stored for at least 6 h at (23 ± 5) °C. In cases of dispute, they shall be stored at
(23 ± 2) °C and (50 ± 5) % relative humidity (RH) for the time specified in any relevant harmonized
product standard, or for a minimum of 6 h.
NOTE 5.7.2 specifies the procedure to be followed to determine the conditioning of specimens to be used in
hot box measurements where the emissivity of the facing can be subject to ageing.
In the case of products supplied in compressed form, the material shall be allowed to recover fully
before conditioning for the test. This shall be for a minimum of 6 h or longer if recommended by the
manufacturer. In cases of dispute, the procedure specified in ISO 29466:2022, Annex A shall be followed.
ISO 22097:2023(E)
5.4 Determination of thermal resistance — Outline
Four different methods (A, B, C and D) are defined in this document. Some methods are more appropriate
than others for different forms of reflective insulation materials, as described in Clause 4. The actual
measured performance using each method gives comparable performance values.
Of the four methods, three, (A, B, C) provide a measurement of thermal resistance as follows:
— Method A
Guarded hot plate apparatus shall meet the requirements of ISO 8302, EN 1946-2, EN 12664 and
EN 12667;
— Method B
Heat flow meter apparatus shall meet the requirements of ISO 8301, EN 1946-3, EN 12664 and
EN 12667;
— Method C
Hot box apparatus shall meet the requirements of ISO 8990 and EN 1946-4
— Method D
A fourth method provides for measurement of surface emissivity and calculation of airspace
thermal resistance.
The method relevant for each product type shall be performed in accordance with 5.5 to 5.8. The
correct process for each product type shall be identified through the use of the flow charts in Annex A,
Annex B and Annex C. The surface of the material shall be assessed as given in Clause 4 to determine
the appropriate product type and test method, which shall be specified in the test report.
5.5 Determination of core thermal resistance of product Type 1
5.5.1 Test thicknesses
The test thickness shall be the nominal thickness of the product, or the thickness measured in
accordance with 5.2, whichever is the lesser.
5.5.2 Product thickness greater than 20 mm
5.5.2.1 Thermal resistance expected to be greater than 0,5 m ·K/W
Use either:
— Method A: Measure in a guarded hot plate apparatus; or
— Method B: Measure in a heat flow meter apparatus.
5.5.2.2 Thermal resistance expected to be 0,5 m ·K/W or less
Use either:
— Method A: Measure in a guarded hot plate apparatus; or
— Method B: Measure in a heat flow meter apparatus.
In each case, thermocouples shall be attached to the specimen surface (using the procedures specified
in EN 12664).
ISO 22097:2023(E)
5.5.3 Product thickness less than or equal to 20 mm
5.5.3.1 Thermal resistance expected to be greater than 0,5 m ·K/W
Use either:
— Method A: Measure in a guarded hot plate apparatus using thermocouples embedded in the hot and
cold plates; or
— Method B: Measure in a heat flow meter apparatus using the “dummy specimen” technique given in
Annex E.
5.5.3.2 Thermal resistance expected to be 0,5 m ·K/W or less
Use either:
— Method A: Measure in a guarded hot plate apparatus using thermocouples attached to the specimen
surface (the procedures specified in EN 12664 shall be used); or
— Method B: Measure in a heat flow meter apparatus using the “dummy specimen” technique given in
Annex E.
If thermocouples are to be fixed to aluminium or other metal foil, the bare thermocouple wire shall be
electrically isolated from the foil by a strip of thin adhesive tape.
5.5.4 For all thicknesses and nominal thermal resistances
As an alternative to the options described in 5.5.1 and 5.5.2 above, any Type 1 product may also be
measured using the procedure described as Method C in 5.7.
5.6 Determination of core thermal resistance of Product Type 2
5.6.1 General
The test thickness shall be the nominal thickness of the product or the thickness measured in
accordance with 5.2, whichever is the lesser.
5.6.2 Product Type 2 with surface indentations less than 2 mm in depth
Treat as product Type 1 (see 5.5 to select appropriate methodology depending upon thickness and
expected thermal resistance).
5.6.3 Product Type 2 with surface indentations greater than or equal to 2 mm, but less than
5 mm in depth
Use Method A or Method B using a guarded hot plate apparatus or heat flow meter apparatus using
thermocouples attached to the specimen surface. The procedures specified in EN 12664, ISO 8301 and
ISO 8302 shall be used.
To prepare the specimens, fill any indentations with aqueous gel and cover with a thin layer of low
conductivity film such as polyethylene. Then treat specimen as product Type 1 to measure core thermal
resistance (see 5.5 to select appropriate methodology). Use Method A or Method B using a guarded hot
plate apparatus or heat flow meter apparatus using thermocouples attached to the specimen surface
(using the procedures specified in EN 12664).
5.6.4 Product Type 2 with surface indentations 5 mm in depth or greater
Where the surface indentations are 5 mm in depth or greater, the product shall be treated as if it were
product Type 3 (see 5.7).
ISO 22097:2023(E)
5.6.5 For either all thicknesses or nominal thermal resistances, or both
As an alternative to the options described in 5.6.1 to 5.6.3, any Type 2 product may also be measured
using the procedure described as Method C in 5.7.
5.7 Determination of core thermal resistance of product Type 3 (Method C)
5.7.1 Principle
The thermal resistance of an air cavity insulated with the product mounted in the centre of the air
cavity, shall be determined by measurement in a hot box apparatus that conforms to the requirements of
ISO 8990. The thermal resistance of the two air cavities is calculated and deducted from the measured
total thermal resistance to give the core thermal resistance of the product. The test thickness of the
product shall be the nominal thickness, or the thickness measured in accordance with 5.2, whichever is
the lesser.
5.7.2 Determination of the need for specimen conditioning
To determine the need for specimen conditioning, the following procedure shall be followed:
a) Measure the emissivity of the facing "as received" and after conditioning (ageing) using the
procedures in Annex D.
b) If the difference between the two measurements is 0,02 or less, then the ageing is considered
negligible and within uncertain limits for the test; therefore, the test specimen for the hot box can
be the material as supplied (with no further need for ageing).
c) If the difference between the emissivity of “as received” and aged specimens is greater than 0,02
then the insulation material to be used in the hot box shall be tested after undergoing conditioning
according to D.5.3, taking care not to damage the test specimen.
5.7.3 Air cavity and specimen installation
Measure the thermal resistance of an air cavity insulated with a specimen that is representative of the
test product including any stitching or welding in the body of the material.
The overall depth of the insulated air cavity shall be the sum of either the lesser of the nominal
thickness, or, if different, the manufacturer’s specified installed thickness, or the thickness measured
in accordance with 5.2 and the width of the two air spaces, which shall be specified in the rep
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.
Loading comments...