EN 24491-4:1993
(Main)Metallic powders - Determination of oxygen content by reduction methods - Part 4: Total oxygen by reduction-extraction (ISO 4491-4:1989)
Metallic powders - Determination of oxygen content by reduction methods - Part 4: Total oxygen by reduction-extraction (ISO 4491-4:1989)
The test method is applicable to all powders of metals, alloys, carbides and mixtures thereof which are non-volatile under the test conditions. The sample may be in powder or compact form. The test is not applicable if the powder contains a lubricant or binder. This part of ISO 4491 shall be read in conjunction with ISO 4491-1.
Metallpulver - Bestimmung des Sauerstoffgehaltes durch Reduktionsverfahren - Teil 4: Gesamt-Sauerstoffgehalt durch Reduktionsextraktion (ISO 4491-4:1989)
Diese Norm legt ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Gesamt-Sauerstoffgehalts von Metallpulvern in Konzentrationen bis etwa 2% (m/m) durch Reduktionsextraktion der Probe bei hoher Temperatur fest. Nach Vereinbarung ist dieses Verfahren auch zur Bestimmung des Gesamt-Sauerstoffgehalts von Sintermetallen zu verwenden. Dieses Verfahren ist anwendbar für alle Pulver aus Metallen unter den Versuchsbedingungen nicht flüchtig sind. Die Probe kann im Pulverzustand oder als Presskörper verwendet werden.
Poudres métalliques - Dosage de l'oxygène par les méthodes de réduction - Partie 4: Oxygène total par réduction-extraction (ISO 4491-4:1989)
La présente partie de l'ISO 4491 prescrit une méthode de dosage de l'oxygène total présent dans les poudres métalliques à des concentrations inférieures ou égales à environ 2 % (m/m). Cette méthode procède par réduction, puis extraction de l'échantillon à haute température. Par accord, cette méthode peut également être appliquée au dosage de l'oxygène total dans les matériaux métalliques frittés. La présente méthode est applicable à toutes les poudres de métaux d'alliages, de carbures et de mélanges de ces composés non volatils dans les conditions de l'essai. L'échantillon peut se trouver à l'état de poudre ou de comprimé. La méthode s'applique à la poudre à l'état de livraison, mais la méthode n'est pas applicable si la poudre contient un lubrifiant ou un liant. Si de telles substances sont présentes, l'analyse n'est possible que si ces substances peuvent être totalement éliminées au préalable par une méthode n'affectant pas la teneur de la poudre en oxygène. La présente partie de l'ISO 4491 doit être lue conjointement avec l'ISO 4491-1.
Metallic powders - Determination of oxygen content by reduction methods - Part 4: Total oxygen by reduction-extraction (ISO 4491-4:1989)
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Metallic powders - Determination of oxygen content by reduction methods - Part 4: Total oxygen by reduction-extraction (ISO 4491-4:1989)Metallpulver - Bestimmung des Sauerstoffgehaltes durch Reduktionsverfahren - Teil 4: Gesamt-Sauerstoffgehalt durch Reduktionsextraktion (ISO 4491-4:1989)Poudres métalliques - Dosage de l'oxygene par les méthodes de réduction - Partie 4: Oxygene total par réduction-extraction (ISO 4491-4:1989)Metallic powders - Determination of oxygen content by reduction methods - Part 4: Total oxygen by reduction-extraction (ISO 4491-4:1989)77.160Metalurgija prahovPowder metallurgyICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 24491-4:1993SIST EN 24491-4:2000en01-december-2000SIST EN 24491-4:2000SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4491-4 First edition 1989-10-01 Metallic powders - Determination of Oxygen content by reduction methods - Part 4: Total Oxygen by reduction-extraction Poudres m&alfiques - Dosage de l’oxyghe par les mkthodes de kduction - Partie 4: Oxygkne total par rkduction-extraction Reference number ISO 4491-4 : 1989 (El SIST EN 24491-4:2000
ISO 4491-4 : 1989 (El Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national Standards bodies (ISO member bedies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Esch member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, govern- mental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the ISO Council. They are approved in accordance with ISO procedures requiring at least 75 % approval by the member bodies voting. International Standard ISO 4491-4 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 119, Powder metallurgy. ISO 4491 consists of the following Parts, under the general title MetaLic powders - Determination of Oxygen content by reduction methods: - - - - Part 7: General guidelines Part 2: Loss. of mass on h ydrogen reduction fh ydrogen loss) Part 3: Hydrogen-reducible Oxygen Part 4: Total Oxygen b y reduction-extraction Annex A of this part of ISO 4491 is for information only. 0 ISO 1989 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronie or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without Permission in writing from the publisher. International Organization for Standardization Case postale 56 l CH-121 1 Geneve 20 l Switzerland Printed in Switzerland ii SIST EN 24491-4:2000
ISO 4491-4 : 1989 (El Introduction The determination of the Oxygen content of tance in many fields of powder metallurgy. metallic powders is of the utmost impor- The Standard methods described in Parts 2 and 3 of this International Standard do not give the total Oxygen content of the Sample, as some Oxygen-containing constituents are not reduced by hydrogen. Therefore, a Standard method for the determination of the total Oxygen content is needed. The most frequently used method is reduction-extraction. lt tan be carried out with various commercially available instruments working according to different prin- ciples of extraction and measurement. lt should be emphasized that the results of the analysis depend on the type of equip- ment used and on the test Parameters selected. However, as indicated in clauses 3 to 6, it is always possible, for a given type of metal powder, to optimize the test con- ditions to obtain reproducible and accurate results with any of the commercially available instruments, provided they are designed for testing the metal powder considered. lt is not possible to standardize one or more particular instruments. However, certain basic Points of procedure are recommended for the analysis of metallic powders (see clause 6). NOTE - The reduction-extraction method is also applicable to nitrogen determination and cer- tain instruments permit simultaneous measurement of Oxygen and nitrogen contents. However, the determination of nitrogen is not covered by this International Standard. SIST EN 24491-4:2000
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INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 4491-4 : 1989 (E) Metallic powders - Determination of Oxygen content by reduction methods - Part 4: Total Oxygen by reduction-extraction 1 Scope This part of ISO 4491 specifies a method for the determination of the total Oxygen content of metallic powders in concentra- tions up to about 2 % (mlm) by reduction-extraction at high temperature. By agreement, this method is also applicable to the determina- tion of the total Oxygen content of sintered metal materials. The method is applicable to all powders of metals, alloys, car- bides and mixtures thereof which are non-volatile under the test conditions. The Sample may be in powder or compact form. The analysis is carried out on the powder as supplied, but the method is not applicable if the powder contains a lubricant or binder. If such substances are present, the method may be used only if they tan first be completely removed by a method not affecting the Oxygen content of the powder. This part of ISO 4491 shall be read in conjunction with ISO 4491-1. 2 Normative reference The following Standard contains provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this part of ISO 4491. At the time of publication, the edition indicated was valid. All Standards are subject to revision, and Parties to agreements based on this part of ISO 4491 are encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the Standard indicated below. Members of IEC and ISO main- tain registers of currently valid International Standards. ISO 4491 : 1989, Metallic powders - Determination of Oxygen content by reduction methods - Part 1: General guidelines. The methods used in practice to determine the total Oxygen content have the following features: a) Environment in the reaction chamber: - Vacuum or - flow of inert gas (nitrogen, argon, helium). b) Graphite crucible : - Individual, i.e. used only for one test Portion, or - cumulative, i.e. the same crucible is used for the analysis of several successive test portions. c) Reaction medium : - Dry, i.e. the test Portion alone is poured into the graphite crucible, the reduction being carried out in the solid state if the metal being analysed does not melt, or - metal bath, i.e. in Order to accelerate the reduction of certain metals it is advisable to prepare first a bath of a fusible metal (for example platinum, tin, iron, nickel) capable of dissolving both carbon and the metal in the test Portion. d) Heating : - Continuous, i.e. the test Portion is introduced into the crucible previously heated to the reaction temperature, the reduction taking place over a fixed period of time, of the Order of several minutes, or - pulse, i.e. the cold crucible containing the test Portion is heated by injecting, over a period of a few seconds, a high-power pulse of energy, reduction taking place very rapidly at the high peak temperature (up to 3 000 OC) which resu
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