EN 12159:2012

Builders hoists for persons and materials with vertically guided cages

1.1   This European Standard deals with power operated temporarily installed builders hoists (referred to as "hoists" in this standard) intended for use by persons who are permitted to enter sites of engineering and construction, serving landing levels, having a cage:
-   designed for the transportation of persons or of persons and materials;
-   guided;
-   travelling vertically or along a path within 15° max. of the vertical;
-   supported or sustained by drum driven wire rope, rack and pinion, or an expanding linkage mechanism;
-   where masts, when erected, may or may not require support from separate structures.
1.2   The European Standard identifies hazards as listed in Clause 4 which arise during the various phases in the life of such equipment and describes methods for the elimination or reduction of these hazards when used as intended by the manufacturer.
1.3   This European Standard does not specify the additional requirements for:
-   operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, strong magnetic fields);
-   lightning protection;
-   operation subject to special rules (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres);
-   electromagnetic compatibility (emission, immunity);
-   handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metal, acids/bases, radiating materials, fragile loads);
-   the use of combustion engines;
-   the use of remote controls;
-   hazards occurring during manufacture;
-   hazards occurring as a result of mobility;
-   hazards occurring as a result of being erected over a public road;
-   earthquakes.
1.4   This European Standard is not applicable to:
-   builders hoists for the transport of goods only EN 12158-1 and EN 12158-2;
-   lifts according to EN 81-1, EN 81-2, EN 81-3 and EN 81-43;
-   work cages suspended from lifting appliances;
-   work platforms carried on the forks of fork trucks;
-   work platforms EN 1495;
-   funiculars;
-   lifts specially designed for military purposes;
-   mine lifts;
-   theatre elevators;
-   builders hoists for persons and material with vertically guided cages which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN;
-   hoists with hydraulic drive/braking systems and hydraulic safety devices.
This document is not applicable to Builders hoists for persons and material with vertical guided cages which are manufactured before the date of its publication as EN.
1.5   This European Standard deals with the hoist installation. It includes the base frame and base enclosure but excludes the design of any concrete, hard core, timber or other foundation arrangement. It includes the design of mast ties but excludes the design of anchor screws to the supporting structure. It includes the landing gates and their frames but excludes the design of any anchorage fixing bolts to the supporting structure.

Bauaufzüge zur Personen- und Materialbeförderung mit senkrecht geführten Fahrkörben

1.1   Diese Europäische Norm behandelt kraftbetriebene, vorübergehend errichtete Bauaufzüge (im nachfolgenden als „Aufzüge” bezeichnet), die für die Benutzung durch Personen bestimmt sind, denen das Betreten von Baustellen und technischen Anlagen erlaubt ist. Die Aufzüge bedienen Ladestellen und haben einen Fahrkorb:
-   der für die Beförderung sowohl von Personen als auch von Personen und Material konstruiert ist;
-   der geführt ist;
-   der sich senkrecht oder entlang von Führungen bewegt, deren Neigung gegen die Senkrechte höchstens 15° beträgt;
-   der gehalten oder getragen wird durch das Drahtseil von Trommelantrieb, Zahnstange und Zahnrad, Hydraulik Zylinder (direkt oder indirekt), oder durch ein Hubgelenksystem;
-   wo Maste, wenn errichtet, für den Betrieb die Abstützung durch separate Konstruktionen benötigen oder nicht benötigen.
1.2   Diese Europäische Norm beschreibt sowohl Gefährdungen, die während der Lebensdauer eines solchen Gerätes entstehen (siehe Abschnitt 4) als auch Methoden zur Beseitigung oder Verringerung dieser Gefährdungen, soweit die Maschine bestimmungsgemäß verwendet wird.
1.3   Diese Europäische Norm legt keine zusätzlichen Anforderungen fest für:
-   den Betrieb unter erschwerten Bedingungen (z. B. in extremen Klimazonen oder bei starken magnetischen Feldern);
-   den Blitzschutz;
-   den Betrieb unter besonderen Anforderungen (z. B. in explosionsgefährdeten Bereichen);
-   die elektromagnetische Verträglichkeit (Störaussendung, Störfestigkeit);
-   den Umgang mit Gütern, deren Eigenschaften zu einer gefährlichen Situation führen können (z. B. Schmelzen, Säuren/Basen, strahlende Materialien, leicht zerbrechliche Lasten);
-   die Verwendung von Verbrennungsmotoren;
-   die Verwendung von Fernsteuerungen;
-   Gefährdungen während der Herstellung;
-   Gefährdungen, die aus der Ortsveränderlichkeit der Maschine entstehen;
-   Gefährdungen, die entstehen, wenn der Aufzug über öffentlichen Verkehrsbereichen errichtet wird;
-   Erdbeben.
1.4   Diese Europäische Norm ist nicht anwendbar für:
-   Bauaufzüge, die nur dem Materialtransport dienen, EN 12158-1 und EN 12158-2;
-   Aufzüge entsprechend EN 81-1, EN 81-2, EN 81-3 und EN 81-43;
-   Arbeitskörbe, die an Hebezeugen hängen;
-   von den Gabeln eines Flurförderzeugs getragene Arbeitsplattformen;
-   Arbeitsbühnen EN 1495;
-   Seilbahnen;
-   speziell für militärische Zwecke konstruierte Aufzüge;
-   Bergwerksaufzüge;
-   Theateraufzüge;
-   Bauaufzüge für Personen und Material mit senkrecht geführten Körben, die vor dem Veröffentlichkeitsdatum dieses Dokuments als EN hergestellt wurden;
-   Aufzüge mit hydraulischem Antriebs-/Bremssystem und hydraulischen Sicherheitseinrichtungen.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht anwendbar für Bauaufzüge für Personen und Material mit senkrecht geführten Körben, die vor dem Veröffentlichkeitsdatum dieses Dokuments als EN hergestellt wurden.
1.5   Diese Europäische Norm umfasst die komplette Aufzugsanlage. Sie schließt den Grundrahmen und die Bodenstationsumwehrung ein, behandelt aber nicht die Ausführung von Fundamenten jeglicher Art z. B. aus Beton, Stahl oder Holz. Sie schließt die Konstruktion von Ankerschrauben ein, behandelt jedoch nicht die Verankerungsmittel zum Bauwerk. Sie schließt Ladestellentore und ihre Rahmen ein, behandelt aber nicht die Verankerungsmittel zum Bauwerk.

Ascenseurs de chantier pour personnes et matériaux avec cages guidées verticalement

1.1   La présente Norme européenne traite des élévateurs de chantier motorisés, installés temporairement, (appelés «ascenseurs de chantier» ci-après), destinés à être utilisés par des personnes autorisées à pénétrer sur des chantiers et des sites industriels desservant des paliers et possédant une cage :
   conçu pour le transport de personnes ainsi que pour le transport de personnes et de matériaux ;
   guidé ;
   se déplaçant verticalement ou le long de guides, dont l'angle avec la verticale ne dépasse pas 15° maximum ;
   soutenu ou supporté par le câble métallique d'un tambour moteur, crémaillère et pignon ou un mécanisme à structure déployable ;
   où les mâts, lorsqu'ils sont installés, peuvent ou non nécessiter le soutien de constructions distinctes.
1.2   La présente Norme européenne en identifie des phénomènes dangereux listés à l’Article 4 apparaissant au cours de la durée de vie d'un tel appareil ainsi que des méthodes pour supprimer ou réduire ces phénomènes dangereux, à condition que l'appareil soit utilisé comme prévu par le fabricant.
1.3   La présente Norme européenne ne spécifie pas de prescriptions supplémentaires pour :
   l'utilisation de l’ascenseur sous des conditions particulièrement difficiles (par exemple, dans des zones climatiques extrêmes ou en cas de champs magnétiques forts) ;
   la protection antifoudre ;
   l'utilisation avec des exigences exceptionnelles (par exemple, dans des régions où il y a un risque d'explosion) ;
   la compatibilité électromagnétique (émission, immunité) ;
   le traitement d'objets dont les caractéristiques peuvent conduire à des situations dangereuses (par exemple : métal en fusion, acides / bases, matériaux rayonnants, charges très fragiles) ;
   l'emploi de moteurs à combustion interne ;
   l'emploi de télécommandes ;
   des risques survenant pendant la fabrication ;
   des risques dus à la mobilité de l'appareil ;
   des risques qui se posent quand l’ascenseur est assemblé au-dessus d’une voie publique ;
   les tremblements de terre.
1.4   La présente Norme européenne ne s'applique pas :
   aux ascenseurs de chantier servant uniquement au transport de matériaux, EN 12158-1 et EN 12158-2 ;
   aux ascenseurs selon les EN 81-1, EN 81-2, EN 81-3 et EN 81-43 ;
   aux cages de travail suspendues à des appareils de levage ;
   aux plates-formes de travail portées par les fourches d'un chariot de manutention ;
   aux plates-formes de travail, EN 1495 ;
   aux funiculaires ;
   aux élévateurs spécialement conçus à des fins militaires ;
   aux élévateurs miniers ;
   aux élévateurs de machinerie théâtrale ;
   aux ascenseurs de chantier pour personnes et matériaux avec cages guidées verticalement fabriquées avant la date de publication de la présente Norme européenne ;
   aux élévateurs équipés de système d’entraînement/freinage hydraulique et aux dispositifs de sécurité hydraulique.
La présente Norme européenne ne s’applique pas aux ascenseurs de chantier pour personnes et matériaux avec cages guidées verticalement fabriquées avant la date de publication de la Norme Européenne.
1.5   La présente Norme européenne concerne l'installation complète de l’ascenseur, y compris le cadre de base et l'entourage de base, mais exclut la conception de toute sorte de fondation, comme par exemple en béton, en acier ou en bois. Elle inclut la conception des ancrages de mât, mais ne traite pas les dispositifs d'ancrage à la structure de support. Elle inclut les portes palières et leurs cadres, mais ne traite pas la conception des dispositifs d'ancrage pour la structure de support.

Gradbena dvigala za osebe in tovor z navpično vodeno košaro

Ta evropski standard obravnava začasno postavljena elektronska gradbena dvigala (v nadaljevan:dvigala), ki so namenjena osebam z dovoljenjem za vstop na gradbišča, služijo za nadstropja in imajo košaro, ki: – je zasnovana za prevoz oseb in materialov; – je vodena; – potuje navpično ali pod kotom največ 15 stopinj od navpičnega; – je podprta ali jo drži železna žica, ki jo poganja boben, tračnica in zobato kolesce ali razširjevalni spojni mehanizem; – ima stebre, ki potrebujejo oporo ločenih konstrukcij, ko so postavljeni, ali ne. Ta evropski standard opredeljuje nevarnosti, navedene v točki 4, do katerih pride med različnimi fazami življenjske dobe take opreme, in opisuje metode za odpravo ali zmanjševanje teh nevarnosti, če ga proizvajalec pravilno uporablja.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 13-Nov-2012
• Withdrawal Date: 13-Apr-2025
• ICS: 91.140.90 - Lifts. Escalators
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 10 - Passenger, goods and service lifts
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 10/SC 1/WG 1 - Building hoists for persons and/or goods
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Start Date: 10-Jul-2024
• Completion Date: 14-Apr-2025
• Directive: 2006/42/EC - Directive 2006/42/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 May 2006 on machinery, and amending Directive 95/16/EC (recast)
• Mandate: M/396 - Mandate to CEN and Cenelec for standardisation in the field of machinery
• Ref Project: SIST EN 12159:2013 - Builders hoists for persons and materials with vertically guided cages

Relations

• Replaces: EN 12159:2000+A1:2009 - Builders hoists for persons and materials with vertically guided cages
• Effective Date: 21-Nov-2009
• Replaced By: EN 12159:2024 - Builders hoists for persons and materials with vertically guided cages
• Effective Date: 19-Jan-2023
• Revised: EN 12159:2000 - Builders hoists for persons and materials with vertically guided cages
• Effective Date: 22-Dec-2008

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Bauaufzüge zur Personen- und Materialbeförderung mit senkrecht geführten FahrkörbenAscenseurs de chantier pour personnes et matériaux avec cages guidées verticalementBuilders hoists for persons and materials with vertically guided cages91.220Gradbena opremaConstruction equipment53.020.99Druga dvigalna opremaOther lifting equipmentICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 12159:2012SIST EN 12159:2013en,fr,de01-februar-2013SIST EN 12159:2013SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 12159:2002+A1:20091DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 12159
November 2012 ICS 91.140.90 Supersedes EN 12159:2000+A1:2009English Version
Builders hoists for persons and materials with vertically guided cages
Ascenseurs de chantier pour personnes et matériaux avec cages guidées verticalement
Bauaufzüge zur Personen- und Materialbeförderung mit senkrecht geführten Fahrkörben This European Standard was approved by CEN on 9 September 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 12159:2012: ESIST EN 12159:2013

European stormwind map . 61Annex B (normative)
Electric safety devices . 62Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 2006/42/EC . 63Bibliography . 64 SIST EN 12159:2013

EN 81-1:1998+A3:2009, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts — Part 1: Electric lifts EN 349, Safety of machinery — Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body EN 894-1, Safety of machinery — Ergonomics requirements for the design of displays and control actuators — Part 1: General principles for human interactions with displays and control actuators EN 953, Safety of machinery — Guards — General requirements for the design and construction of fixed and movable guards EN 1037, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up EN 1088, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for design and selection EN 60204-1:2006, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General requirements (IEC 60204-1:2005, modified) EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP-Code) (IEC 60529:1989) EN 60947-4-1:2001, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-starters — Electromechanical contactors and motor-starters (IEC 60947-4-1:2000) EN 60947-5-1:2004, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and switching elements — Electromechanical control circuit devices (IEC 60947-5-1:2003) SIST EN 12159:2013

EN ISO 13850, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop — Principles for design (ISO 13850) EN ISO 13857:2008, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2008) ISO 2408, Steel wire ropes for general purposes — Minimum requirements ISO 3864-1, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety signs and safety markings
ISO 4302, Cranes — Wind load assessment ISO 4309, Cranes — Wire ropes — Care and maintenance, installation and discard ISO 6336-1, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 1: Basic principles, introduction and general influence factors ISO 6336-2, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 2: Calculation of surface durability (pitting) ISO 6336-3, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 3: Calculation of tooth bending strength ISO 6336-5, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 5: Strength and quality of materials 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the following apply. 3.1 builders hoist temporary lifting machine serving landing levels on sites of engineering and construction with a platform, cage or other load carrying device, which is guided 3.2 working load/rated load maximum load which the hoist has been designed to carry in service 3.3 rated speed speed of the cage for which the equipment has been designed SIST EN 12159:2013

HazardsRelevant clauses in this standard 1 Mechanical hazards 1.1 Crushing 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 5.5.6, 5.6, 5.7.2, 7.1.2.8, 7.1.2.9 1.2 Shearing 5.5, 5.6.1.3, 5.7.2, 7.1.2.8, 7.1.2.9 1.3 Cutting or severing 5.5, 5.6.1.3, 5.7.2, 7.1.2.8, 7.1.2.9 1.4 Entanglement 5.7.2, 7.1.2.8, 7.1.2.9 1.5 Drawing-in or trapping 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 5.6.1.3, 5.7.2, 7.1.2.8, 7.1.2.9 1.6 Impact 5.4.3, 5.5.3.9, 5.6.2, 7.1.2.8, 7.1.2.9 1.7 Stabbing or puncture n.a. 1.8 Friction or abrasion 5.5.2, 5.5.3, 7.1.2.8, 7.1.2.9 1.9 High pressure fluid ejection n.a. 1.10 Ejection of parts 5.6.1.3 1.11 Loss of stability 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 5.6.3, 7.1.2.8.4 1.12 Slip, trip and fall 5.5, 5.6.1, 5.6.2, 7.1.2.8.4, 7.1.2.9 2 Electrical hazards 2.1 Electrical contact 5.7.4.11, 5.8, 7.1.2.8.4 2.2 Electrostatic phenomena n.a. 2.3 Thermal radiation n.a. 2.4 External influences 5.7.4.11, 5.8.3 3 Thermal hazards 3.1 Burns and scalds n.a. 3.2 Health-damaging effects n.a. 4 Hazards generated by noise4.1 Hearing losses 5.11, 7.1.2.3 4.2 Interference with speech 5.11, 7.1.2.3 5 Hazards generated by vibrationn.a. 6 Hazards generated by radiation6.1 Electrical arcs n.a. 6.2 Lasers n.a. 6.3 Ionising radiation sources n.a. 6.4 Use of H F electromagnetic fields n.a. 7 Hazards generated by materials and substances processed, used or exhausted by machinery 7.1 Contact with or inhalation of harmful fluids, gases, mists, fumes and dusts n.a. 7.2 Fire or explosion n.a. 7.3 Biological and microbiological n.a. 8 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic principles in machine design 8.1 Unhealthy postures or excessive effort 5.1, 5.6.1.3, 7.1.2.8.4 8.2 Inadequate consideration of human hand/arm or foot/leg anatomy 5.5, 5.7.2, 7.1.2.8 8.3 Neglected use of personal protection equipment n.a. 8.4 Inadequate area lighting 5.8.8, 7.1.2.8.4, 7.1.2.9 8.5 Mental overload or underload, stress 5.9 SIST EN 12159:2013

HazardsRelevant clauses in this standard 8.6 Human error 5.6.3, 5.9, 7.1.2.8, 7.1.2.9, 7.2, 7.3 9 Hazard combinations with the environment in which the machine is used n.a. 9.1 Wind conditions 5.2.2.12 10 Hazards caused by failure of energy supply, breaking down of machinery parts and other functional disorders 10.1 Failure of energy supply 5.6.1.6, 5.7.4.1, 5.8.2, 5.10, 7.1.2.5, 7.1.2.6 10.2 Unexpected ejection of machine parts or fluids 5.7.2.3 10.3 Failure or malfunction of control system 5.8.2, 5.9.2.2, 5.9.3, 5.10.26 10.4 Errors of fitting 5.4.1, 7.1.2.8 10.5 Overturn, unexpected loss of machine stability 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 7.1.2.8 11 Hazards caused by missing and / or incorrectly positioned safety related measures / means 11.1 Guards 5.5, 5.6.1.3, 5.6.1.4, 7.1.2.8, 7.1.2.11 11.2 Safety related (protection) devices 5.5, 7.1.2.8, 7.1.2.11 11.3 Starting and stopping devices 5.9.5, 5.9.7, 7.1.2.8, 7.1.2.9 11.4 Safety signs and signals 7.2 11.5 Information or warning devices 5.6.3, 7.2 11.6 Energy supply disconnecting devices 5.9.6 11.7 Emergency devices 5.6.2, 5.10, 7.1.2.6, 7.1.2.8, 7.1.2.11 11.8 Feeding/removal means of work pieces n.a. 11.9 Essential equipment and accessories for safe adjusting and/or maintaining 7.1.2.6, 7.1.2.8, 7.1.2.11 11.10 Equipment evacuating gases n.a.
HazardsRelevant clauses in this standard
Hazards due to mobility 12 Inadequate lighting of moving / working arean.a. 13 Hazards due to sudden movement instability etc. during handling n.a. 14 Inadequate/non-ergonomic design of operating position n.a. 15 Mechanical hazards n.a. 16 Hazards due to lifting operations16.1 Lack of stability 5.2.5, 5.3, 5.4.1, 5.4.2, 7.1.2.8 16.2 Derailment of the cage 5.4.1, 5.6.1, 5.9.7.2.2 16.3 Loss of mechanical strength of machinery and lifting accessories 5.2, 5.3, 5.5.4, 5.6.2, 5.7, 7.1.2.11 16.4 Hazards caused by uncontrolled movement 5.5.3, 5.6.2, 5.10, 7.1.2.9 16.5 Risks due to movements of the cage 5.5, 5.6.1, 5.10.3 16.6 Risk due to objects falling on the cage 5.6.1.4 17 Inadequate view of trajectories of the moving parts5.5, 5.6.1, 7.1.2.9 18 Hazards caused by lightningn.a. 19 Hazards due to loading / overloading5.2, 5.6, 7.1.2.9
Table 3 — Particular hazards involving the lifting of persons by hoists for persons and materials
Hazards to persons lifted by the hoistRelevant clauses in this standard 20 Overloading or overcrowding of the cage5.6, 5.7.3, 7.1.2.9 21 Unexpected movement of the cage in response to external controls or other movements of the machine 5.7.4.1, 5.9.7.1.2, 5.9.7.2.3, 5.10.4
22 Excess speed 5.4.3, 5.6.2, 5.7.4.5 23 Persons falling from the cage5.6.1 24 The cage falling or overturning5.4.1, 5.6.2, 5.7, 5.9.7.2.2 25 Excess acceleration or braking of the cage5.4.3, 5.6.2, 5.7.4.5, 7.1.2.11 26 Due to imprecise markings7.3 27 Risks to persons in or on the cage5.6, 5.4.3, 5.10 28 Controls at landings 5.9.7.1 29 Access to the cage 5.5
5 Safety requirements and/or measures 5.1 General The design of the hoist shall consider safe use, erection, dismantling and maintenance. It shall be possible to erect the hoist using safe access methods such as those offered by the roof of the cage or equivalent facilities. The design of all components that have to be handled during erection e.g. mast sections, shall have their weight assessed against manual handling. Where the permissible weight for manual handling is exceeded, SIST EN 12159:2013

²/0,48,0mkNxAF< where F = rated load [kN] and
A = total floor area [m²] then the rated load shall be assumed to be distributed over a reduced area (A1) which results in a distribution of 4,0 kN/m2. The format and the location of this area shall be taken as that which gives the least favourable stress for the mast and also for the cage. One example is shown in Figure 1. SIST EN 12159:2013

Key A total floor area [m²] A1 = F [kN] / 4 [kN/m²] Figure 1 — One example of loading according to 5.2.2.4 a) b) if ²/0,48,0mkNxAF≥ then the rated load shall be assumed to be distributed over an area (A2) equivalent to 80 % of the total floor area of the cage. The format and the location of this area shall be taken as that which gives the least favourable stress for the mast and also for the cage. One example is shown in Figure 2.
Key A2 = 0,8 A Figure 2 — One example of loading according to 5.2.2.4 b) 5.2.2.5 Where the uniform distribution of the rated load over the full area of the cage floor is less than 4,0 kN/m2, then, for calculation purposes a minimum of 4,0 kN/m2 shall be placed over the whole area (A3)of the cage floor. See Figure 3. SIST EN 12159:2013

Figure 3 — Evenly distributed load case 5.2.2.6 Forces during loading and unloading (see Figure 4) shall be considered as the concurrent effect of a vertical force and a horizontal force, each calculated as follows:  a vertical force FV of 50 % of the rated load but not less than 2,0 kN, or, for rated loads greater than 20 kN, calculated from the equation
FV = 4 + 0,3 F where FV = vertical force [kN] F = rated load [kN]  a horizontal force FH of 20 % of the rated load, but not less than 0,5 kN and not more than 2,5 kN, both forces acting at 1/3 of the width of the cage entrance, at floor level, in the least favourable direction and location; the stresses in the mast and also in the cage shall be calculated for at least the following application points of the loading and unloading forces:  the cage threshold;  the leading edge of any ramp or other extension, which is not supported by the landing.
At the same time any remaining part of the rated load shall be applied in the centre of the cage floor (FV1). Equivalent forces shall be used to design the landing threshold and all relevant supporting structures. Information shall be given in the instruction handbook with regard to these forces. SIST EN 12159:2013

Figure 4 — One example of forces during loading and unloading 5.2.2.7 The effect of moving loads shall be determined by taking the weight of all actual loads (cage, rated load, counterweight, wire ropes etc.) and multiplying them by an impact factor µ = (1,1 + 0,264v) where v is the rated speed in m/s. Alternative factors may be used if they can be proved to be more accurate. 5.2.2.8 To determine the forces produced by an operation of the overspeed safety device, the sum total of the travelling load shall be multiplied by the factor 2,5. A lower factor, but not less than 1,2 can be used if it can be verified by test under all conditions of loading up to 1,3 times rated load including any inertia effects of the drive system. 5.2.2.9 The cage roof, if intended to be accessible for erection, dismantling, maintenance or emergency escape, shall be designed to withstand a load of at least 3,0 kN placed on the least favourable square area of 1,0 m2. The roof shall also withstand a load of 1,2 kN applied on any area of 0,1 x 0,1 m. 5.2.2.10 The cage roof intended not to be used as support for persons shall be designed for a load of 1,0 kN applied on any point of 0,1 x 0,1 m. 5.2.2.11 The cage floor surface shall be designed to withstand without permanent deformation a static force of 1,5 kN or 25 % of the rated load, whichever is the greater, but in no case more than 3 kN, the force applied on the least favourable square area of 0,1 m x 0,1 m. 5.2.2.12 Design wind conditions 5.2.2.12.1 General The aerodynamic pressure q is given by the general equation: 6,12wvq= where q
is the pressure in N/m² and vW the wind velocity in m/s. In all cases it shall be assumed that the wind can blow horizontally in any direction and the least favourable direction shall be taken into account. The calculation shall be done according to ISO 4302 with the exception of the following: SIST EN 12159:2013

The regions A - E are taken from the European Stormwind Map (see Annex A). 5.2.2.12.3.4 Erection and dismantling wind Irrespective of height, the minimum value for wind pressure shall be q = 100 N/m2, which corresponds to a wind velocity of vw = 12,5 m/s. 5.2.2.13 The calculation shall take into account errors of erection of at least 0,5 °. 5.2.2.14 During erection and dismantling the advantage of a counterweight is not permitted to be taken into account. 5.2.2.15 Forces created by the buffers shall be calculated allowing for a retardation of 1 g unless a lower value of retardation can be verified. SIST EN 12159:2013

fy = yield strength [N/mm2] Sy = safety factor on yield strength b) Calculations according to the theory of the second order The deflection of a structure shall be taken into account when calculating stresses. This is very important when calculating a slender design or using materials with a low modulus of elasticity. This can be done by using the theory of the 2nd order. yyyy0orSfSf=σ whichever is the least favourable
where
fy’ =
apparent yield strength [N/mm2] The safety factors against fy and fy’ shall be at least equal to those given in the following Table 5, which is related to Table 7. Table 5 — Safety factors for steel structures Load Case Safety Factor (Sy) A 1,5 B 1,33 C 1,25 5.2.3.2 Aluminium structures a) Permissible stresses uuyy0orSfSf=σ
whichever gives the lowest value where  fu = tensile strength [N/mm²]  Su = safety factor on tensile strength b) Calculations according to the theory of the second order SIST EN 12159:2013

5.2.4 Load cases, the different combinations of loads and forces which are to be calculated Table 7 — Load cases Load case number Load case for: Forces and effects according to subclause 5.2.2.(X) a Load case b Ia Normal use: (structural parts, incl. mast, mast ties, base frame and all other static parts of the structure) (1) c, (3), (12.3.2), (13)
(2) multiplied by (7)
(4) multiplied by (7) A Ib Normal use: cage (12.3.2)
(2) multiplied by( 7)
(4) multiplied by (7) A IIa Normal cage loading: masts (1), (2), (3)
(6), (12.3.2) A IIb Normal cage loading: cage (2), (6)
(12.3.2) A IIIa Exceptional forces: mast (1) c, (3), (12.3.2), (13)
(2) multiplied by (7)
(5) multiplied by (7) C IIIb Exceptional forces: cage (12.3.2)
(2) multiplied by( 7)
(5) multiplied by (7) C IVa Exceptional safety device effects: mast (1) c, (3), (12.3.2), (13)
(2) multiplied by (8)
(4) multiplied by (8) C IVb Exceptional safety device effects: cage (12.3.2) (2) multiplied by (8)
(4) multiplied by (8) C IVc Exceptional safety device effects: safety device (2) multiplied by (8)
(4) multiplied by (8) C Va Occasional use: cage roof for persons (9) multiplied by (7) B SIST EN 12159:2013
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