EN 15940:2023
(Main)Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment - Requirements and test methods
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment - Requirements and test methods
This document describes requirements and test methods for paraffinic diesel fuel marketed and delivered as such, containing a level of up to 7,0 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). It is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engines and vehicles compatible with paraffinic diesel fuel. It specifies two classes of paraffinic diesel fuel: high cetane and normal cetane.
Paraffinic diesel fuel originates from synthesis or hydrotreatment processes.
NOTE 1 For general diesel engine warranty, the vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use. Paraffinic automotive diesel fuel may need a validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines may still need to be done (see also the Introduction to this document). However, it is noted that paraffinic diesel fuel is extensively available and has been increasingly approved by vehicle manufacturers for usage in vehicles since the first publication of this document.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
Kraftstoffe - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff von Synthese oder Wasserstoffbearbeitung - Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen an und Prüfverfahren für paraffinischen Dieselkraftstoff fest, der als solcher gehandelt und ausgeliefert wird und einen Gehalt von bis zu 7,0 % (V/V) an Fettsäuremethylester (FAME) aufweist. Es gilt für Kraftstoff für die Verwendung in Dieselmotoren und Kraftfahrzeugen, die für paraffinischen Dieselkraftstoff geeignet sind. Es legt zwei Klassen von paraffinischem Dieselkraftstoff fest: eine Klasse mit hoher Cetanzahl und eine mit normaler Cetanzahl.
Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff stammt aus Synthese oder Hydrierverfahren.
ANMERKUNG 1 Für eine allgemeine Dieselmotor-Garantie muss der Hersteller des Fahrzeugs vor dem Einsatz konsultiert werden. Bei paraffinischem Dieselkraftstoff kann noch bei einigen bestehenden Motoren ein Validierungsschritt erforderlich sein, um die Kompatibilität des Kraftstoffs mit dem Fahrzeug zu bestätigen (siehe auch die Einleitung zu diesem Dokument). Es wird jedoch darauf hingewiesen, dass paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff in großem Umfang verfügbar ist und seit der Erstveröffentlichung dieses Dokuments zunehmend von Kraftfahrzeugherstellern zur Nutzung in Kraftfahrzeugen zugelassen wird.
ANMERKUNG 2 Für die Zwecke dieses Dokuments wird zur Angabe des Massenanteils einer Substanz der Ausdruck "% (m/m)" und für den Volumenanteil einer Substanz der Ausdruck "% (V/V)" verwendet.
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazoles paraffiniques de synthèse ou obtenus par hydrotraitement - Exigences et méthodes d'essais
Le présent document décrit les exigences et les méthodes d'essai relatives au carburant diesel paraffinique commercialisé et distribué en tant que tel, contenant jusqu'à 7,0 % (V/V) d'esters méthyliques d'acides gras (EMAG). Il est applicable aux carburants destinés à être utilisés par les moteurs diesel et par les véhicules compatibles avec les carburants diesel paraffiniques. Il définit deux classes de carburants diesel paraffiniques : ceux dont l'indice de cétane est élevé et ceux dont l'indice de cétane est normal.
Le carburant diesel paraffinique provient d'un processus de synthèse ou d'hydrotraitement.
NOTE 1 Pour la garantie générale des moteurs diesel, le fabricant du véhicule doit être consulté avant utilisation. Le carburant diesel paraffinique pour automobiles peut nécessiter une étape de validation pour confirmer la compatibilité du carburant avec le véhicule ; cette étape peut encore rester à franchir pour certains moteurs existants (voir également l'Introduction du présent document). Cependant, il est à noter que le carburant diesel paraffinique est largement disponible et qu’il est de plus en plus approuvé pour une utilisation dans les véhicules depuis la première publication de ce document.
NOTE 2 Pour les besoins de la présente Norme européenne, les expressions « % (m/m) » et « % (V/V) » sont utilisées pour désigner respectivement les fractions massiques et les fractions volumiques.
Goriva za motorna vozila - Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo iz sinteze ali postopka s hidrotretiranjem - Zahteve in preskusne metode
Ta evropski standard opisuje zahteve in preskusne metode za prodajano in dobavljeno parafinsko dizelsko gorivo, ki vsebuje do 7,0 % (V/V) metilnega estra maščobnih kislin (FAME). Uporablja se za gorivo v dizelskih motorjih in za vozila, ki so združljiva s parafinskim dizelskim gorivom. Določa dva razreda parafinskega dizelskega goriva: visokooktansko in z običajnim oktanskim številom.
Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo nastane iz sinteze ali postopka s hidrotretiranjem.
OPOMBA 1: V okviru splošne garancije za dizelski motor je pri nekaterih obstoječih motorjih morda potrebno preverjanje za parafinsko dizelsko gorivo za motorna vozila (glej tudi uvod tega dokumenta). Pred uporabo se je treba posvetovati s proizvajalcem vozil.
OPOMBA 2: V tem dokumentu sta uporabljeni oznaki % (m/m) in % (V/V), ki predstavljata delež mase oziroma prostornine.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2023
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 15940:2016+A1:2018+AC:2019
Goriva za motorna vozila - Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo iz sinteze ali postopka s
hidrotretiranjem - Zahteve in preskusne metode
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment - Requirements
and test methods
Kraftstoffe - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff aus Synthese oder Hydrierungsverfahren —
Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazoles paraffiniques de synthèse ou obtenus par
hydrotraitement - Exigences et méthodes d'essais
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 15940:2023
ICS:
75.160.20 Tekoča goriva Liquid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 15940
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
May 2023
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 75.160.20 Supersedes EN 15940:2016+A1:2018+AC:2019
English Version
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or
hydrotreatment - Requirements and test methods
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazoles paraffiniques Kraftstoffe - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff von
de synthèse ou obtenus par hydrotraitement - Synthese oder Wasserstoffbearbeitung -
Exigences et méthodes d'essais Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 10 April 2023.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 15940:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Sampling . 8
5 Pump marking . 8
6 Requirements and test methods . 8
6.1 Dyes and markers . 8
6.2 Additives . 8
6.2.1 General . 8
6.2.2 Methylcyclopentadienyl Manganese Tricarbonyl (MMT) . 9
6.3 Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) . 9
6.4 Generally applicable requirements and related test methods . 9
6.5 Climate dependent requirements and related test methods . 12
6.6 Precision and dispute . 13
Annex A (normative) Details of interlaboratory test programme . 14
Annex B (normative) Measurements and constants for paraffinic fuel products and
components . 15
B.1 General . 15
B.2 Short abstract of density / temperature conversion formulae and constants . 15
B.3 Measurements and constants for paraffinic diesel fuel products and components . 16
B.4 Conclusions . 18
Bibliography . 19
European foreword
This document (EN 15940:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and
liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat
of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by November 2023, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by November 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document will supersede EN 15940:2016+A1:2018+AC:2019.
Significant technical changes between this document and the previous version are
EN 15940:2016+A1:2018+AC:2019:
a) update of the note in the scope explaining the product approval for vehicle purpose;
b) removal of the former A-deviation for Belgium due to change of legislation in the meantime;
c) update to the normative references towards undated versions where they don't concern
requirements originating from European Directives (in line with decisions by CEN/TC 19 in
coordination with the European Commission), and updating the effective publication dates where
required;
d) inclusion of the amended EN 14214 FAME specification;
e) addition of micro-distillation (EN 17306) as an alternative test method to distillation by EN ISO 3405
and EN ISO 3924;
f) addition of the ICN technique (EN 17155) as alternative methods for cetane number determination
by EN ISO 5165;
g) addition of automated method (EN ISO 22995) as an alternative test method to cloud point by
EN ISO 3015;
h) addition of the Stabinger viscometer (ISO 23581) as an alternative test method to viscosity by
EN ISO 3104;
i) addition of EDXRF spectrometry method (EN ISO 13032) as an alternative test method to sulfur
determination;
j) replacement of the clauses setting requirements for cavitation prevention and seizure control, plus
the seizure protection Annex, by adapting the improved lubricity requirement in Table 1, by removal
from Table 1 of the reporting requirement for IBP, and by introduction of a shorter cautionary
statement under 6.4.6;
k) addition of oxidation stability by rapid small scale oxidation method (EN 16091) as an alternative
test method to oxidation stability by EN 15751 for diesel fuel containing FAME above 2,0 % (V/V);
l) introduction of instructions how to apply bias correction;
m) deletion of the reference to an alternative correlation equation in EN 15195 for results outside the
method scope range;
n) updating of Annex A based on recent test method standard updates;
o) considerations around use of this document for heating fuel application have been introduced in the
Introduction;
p) update of reference EN 15195;
r) allowance of blending EN 590 diesel.
In this document, all relevant characteristics, requirements and test methods are specified. These
specifications are relevant for the driveability of the vehicles and are currently known to prevent harm
to the vehicles and their powertrains. Climate dependent requirements of this document may vary
according to national adoptions of EN 590 and EN 14214, and should be indicated by a specific National
Annex.
Requirements following amendment 2003/17/EC [11], 2009/30/EC [12], 2011/63/EU [13] and
2014/77/EU [14] to the European Fuels Quality Directive 98/70/EC [10], are taken into account. Dates
are included with all normative test method references in order to comply with the requirements of the
European Commission; with the accompanying assurance by CEN/TC 19 that any referenced updated
versions will always give at least the same accuracy and at least the same level of precision (see [12]).
The marking at the pump of this product is in line with the requirements of the Fuels Quality Directive
and the Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Directive [15].
Several assessments of test methods for paraffinic diesel fuel have been executed and the results thereof
[8] led to conclusions regarding the applicability of each of the test methods as required in Clause 6. The
conclusion of these assessments, partially funded by the European Commission, led to the possibility to
upgrade the original Technical Specification into a full European Standard. Although it is its main actual
use, the product is now no longer limited to captive fleet usage, but the scope defines the need to check
the use of the product with the vehicle manufacturer. There are no EU legislative needs to limit the
product to captive fleets. Such restriction is not for the specification but for the market to decide upon.
Therefore, and in the light of the need to check the use of the product with the vehicle manufacturer, all
restrictions towards captive fleet from the CEN/TS text have been deleted.
This document is based on current knowledge at the time of publishing, but will require review based on
further experiences with the use of paraffinic diesel fuel or when the specification for either regular
automotive diesel fuel, EN 590, or FAME, EN 14214, has been determined (revised) by CEN/TC 19 or
based on further experiences with the use of paraffinic diesel fuel according to this document. Further
background can be found in CEN/TR 16389 [4].
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
This document has been laid down to specify a standard with requirements for diesel fuel on the basis of
synthesis gas or of hydrotreated bio-oils, –fats or other suitable feedstock. Paraffinic diesel fuel does not
meet the automotive diesel fuel standard, EN 590 [1]. Its density can be outside the limits for automotive
diesel fuel, and the described class A type fuel has a higher cetane number. Paraffinic diesel fuel is
extensively available and has been increasingly approved for usage in vehicles since the first publication
of EN 15940. However it is not released for all vehicles, consult vehicle manufacturer before use.
As some production processes result in a fuel containing cyclo-paraffins, as well as n-paraffins and iso-
paraffins, they show different cetane number compared to other paraffinic diesel fuels. Hence, in this
document, two classes have been specified, one class showing improved ignition quality compared to
automotive diesel fuel meeting EN 590.
Blending of paraffinic diesel fuel with fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) is covered in this document. Against
the background of the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED, 2018/2001/EC [9]) and also the latest
developments regarding the European automotive diesel fuel standard, there is now a pressing
requirement to allow for FAME blend variations of those paraffinic fuels, which are not already classified
as being from renewable resources.
Paraffinic diesel fuel is also used as a blending component in automotive diesel fuel. In that case it does
not have to meet EN 15940 requirements since composition and properties of diesel fuel blends are
specified in the respective automotive diesel fuel standards, e.g. EN 590 and EN 16734 (see EN 590:2022,
6.4 and EN 16734:2022, 6.4 [3]).
The document will be usable on a voluntary basis for engine clearance, fuel a
...
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