EN 16855-1:2017
(Main)Walk-in cold rooms - Definition, thermal insulation performance and test methods - Part 1: Prefabricated cold room kits
Walk-in cold rooms - Definition, thermal insulation performance and test methods - Part 1: Prefabricated cold room kits
This European Standard applies to prefabricated walk-in cold room kits and components. It provides test or calculation methods to assess thermal insulation performances under normal end-use conditions.
Performance characteristics of walk-in cold rooms are to be assessed in terms of thermal insulating properties, in order to give a basis on which assessing energy consumption related properties of walk-in cold rooms, and of their components.
Performance characteristics are to be assessed for every single component of the walk-in cold room, and for the assembled walk-in cold room as a whole.
The normal end-use conditions of a walk-in cold room are considered to be:
- installation inside an existing building;
- not exposed to external weather conditions.
Begehbare Kühlräume - Begriffe, Wärmedämmleistung und Prüfverfahren - Teil 1: Fertigbauteile für Kühlräume
Diese Europäische Norm ist anwendbar auf vorgefertigte Bausätze und Bauteile von begehbaren Kühlräumen. Sie legt Prüf- oder Berechnungsverfahren zur Bewertung des Wärmedämmverhaltens unter normalen Bedingungen der Endnutzung fest.
Um eine Grundlage für die Bewertung der energieverbrauchsrelevanten Eigenschaften von begehbaren Kühlräumen und deren Bauteilen zu schaffen, sind die Leistungskenngrößen von begehbaren Kühlräumen hinsichtlich ihrer wärmedämmenden Eigenschaften zu bewerten.
Bewertet werden die Leistungskenngrößen für jedes einzelne Bauteil des begehbaren Kühlraumes sowie Leistungskenngrößen des begehbaren Kühlraumes als Ganzes.
Als normale Umgebungsbedingungen der praktischen Anwendung eines begehbaren Kühlraumes sind zu berücksichtigen:
- Aufstellung innerhalb eines vorhandenen Gebäudes;
- der Kühlraum ist nicht den äußeren Wetterbedingungen ausgesetzt.
Chambres froides - Définition, performances d’isolation thermique et méthodes d’essai - Partie 1 : Kits de chambres froides préfabriquées
La présente Norme européenne s’applique aux kits de chambres froides préfabriquées et à leurs composants. Elle fournit des méthodes d’essai ou de calcul pour évaluer les performances d’isolation thermique dans les conditions normales d’utilisation finale.
Les caractéristiques de performance des chambres froides sont à déterminer en termes de propriétés d’isolation thermique, afin de fournir une base sur laquelle évaluer les propriétés liées à la consommation d’énergie des chambres froides et de leurs composants.
Les caractéristiques de performance sont à évaluer pour chaque composant individuel de la chambre froide et pour la chambre froide assemblée dans son ensemble.
Les conditions normales d’utilisation finales d’une chambre froide sont :
- l’installation à l’intérieur d’un immeuble existant ;
- non exposée aux conditions climatiques extérieures.
Dostopne hladilnice - Definicije, toplotnoizolacijske lastnosti in preskusne metode - 1. del: Montažne hladilnice
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za montažne dostopne hladilnice in njihove sestavne dele. Določa preskusne ali računske metode za oceno učinkovitosti toplotne izolacije.
Učinkovitost dostopnih hladilnic se ocenjuje na osnovi lastnosti toplotne izolacije, ki so podlaga za ugotavljanje lastnosti, povezanih s porabo energije v dostopnih hladilnicah in njihovih sestavnih delih.
Ocenjuje se učinkovitost za vsak posamezni del dostopne hladilnice in za montirano dostopno hladilnico kot celoto.
Ta evropski standard vsebuje tudi navodila za namestitev.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2017
Dostopne hladilnice - Definicije, toplotnoizolacijske lastnosti in preskusne metode
- 1. del: Montažne hladilnice
Walk-in cold rooms - Definition, thermal insulation performance and test methods - Part
1: Prefabricated cold room kits
Begehbare Kühlräume - Begriffe, Wärmedämmleistung und Prüfverfahren - Teil 1:
Fertigbauteile für Kühlräume
Chambres froides - Définition, performances d’isolation thermique et méthodes d’essai -
Partie 1 : Kits de chambres froides préfabriquées
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16855-1:2017
ICS:
97.130.20 Hladilne naprave za trgovine Commercial refrigerating
appliances
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 16855-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
January 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 97.130.20
English Version
Walk-in cold rooms - Definition, thermal insulation
performance and test methods - Part 1: Prefabricated cold
room kits
Chambres froides - Définition, performances Begehbare Kühlräume - Begriffe, Wärmedämmleistung
d'isolation thermique et méthodes d'essai - Partie 1 : und Prüfverfahren - Teil 1: Fertigbauteile für
Kits de chambres froides préfabriquées Kühlräume
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 September 2016.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16855-1:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 12
5 Performances . 12
5.1 General . 12
5.2 Thermal insulation performances . 13
5.3 Other performances . 13
5.3.1 Air permeability . 13
5.3.2 Water vapour permeability . 13
6 Methods to assess thermal insulation performances of prefabricated walk-in cold
room components . 13
6.1 General . 13
6.2 Thermal conductivity of the insulating core of wall, ceiling and floor panels . 14
6.3 Thermal transmittance of wall and ceiling panels . 15
6.4 Thermal transmittance of floor panels . 15
6.4.1 General . 15
6.4.2 Test method . 16
6.4.3 Calculation method . 16
6.5 Thermal conductivity of doors . 16
6.6 Thermal conductivity of windows . 17
6.7 Thermal transmittance of corners . 17
6.8 Influence of supporting profiles . 17
6.9 Thermal bridges of the cold room . 17
6.9.1 General . 17
6.9.2 Thermal bridges in doors . 17
6.9.3 Thermal bridges in panel to panel joint . 17
6.9.4 Thermal bridges in panel to floor joint for walk-in cold rooms without insulated
floor . 18
6.9.5 Thermal bridges at corner joints . 18
6.9.6 Thermal bridges of pass through holes . 18
6.9.7 Thermal bridges of refrigerating units . 18
7 Methods to assess thermal insulation performances of prefabricated walk-in cold
room kits and total power consumption . 19
7.1 General . 19
7.2 Overall heat transfer coefficient of walk-in cold room kits . 19
7.3 Total power consumption of walk-in cold room. 19
8 Installation of walk-in cold rooms . 20
9 Attestation of conformity - Factory Production Control (FPC) . 20
Annex A (normative) Determination of the declared values of thermal resistance and
thermal conductivity . 22
A.1 General . 22
A.2 Input data . 22
A.3 Declared values . 22
Annex B (normative) Determination of the aged values of thermal resistance and thermal
conductivity . 24
B.1 General . 24
B.2 Sampling and conditioning . 25
B.3 Measurement of the initial value of the thermal conductivity . 25
B.4 Evaluation of the thermal conductivity value with the accelerated ageing . 25
B.5 Fixed increments method . 26
B.6 Declaration of the aged values of thermal resistance and thermal conductivity . 28
Annex C (informative) Walk-in cold rooms documentation . 30
Annex D (informative) Guide on installation . 32
D.1 General . 32
D.2 Preliminary provisions . 32
D.3 Installation, assembly and locking of panels . 33
D.4 Maintenance and cleaning of the walk-in cold room . 46
Bibliography . 49
European foreword
This document (EN 16855-1:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 44
“Commercial and Professional Refrigerating Appliances and Systems”, the secretariat of which is held
by UNI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2017, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by July 2017.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Introduction
The drafting of this European Standard was driven by the necessity to compare the systems placed on
the market on the base of the minimum thermal insulation requirements and to establish the average
level of energy consumption for a future minimum energy performance standard definition, with
reference to the EU policy on increasing energy efficiency of energy related products (Directive
2009/125/EC) in the frame of the EU “20-20-20” targets. It also aims to identify the reference standards
for calculation, measurement of insulation properties, to identify the best practice rules for elimination
of thermal bridges, assembly techniques and provisions to be taken in order to ensure the best level of
insulation and power consumption.
1 Scope
This European Standard applies to prefabricated walk-in cold room kits and components. It provides
test or calculation methods to assess thermal insulation performances under normal end-use
conditions.
Performance characteristics of walk-in cold rooms are to be assessed in terms of thermal insulating
properties, in order to give a basis on which assessing energy consumption related properties of walk-
in cold rooms, and of their components.
Performance characteristics are to be assessed for every single component of the walk-in cold room,
and for the assembled walk-in cold room as a whole.
The normal end-use conditions of a walk-in cold room are considered to be:
— installation inside an existing building;
— not exposed to external weather conditions.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 12667:2001, Thermal performance of building materials and products - Determination of thermal
resistance by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods - Products of high and medium
thermal resistance
EN 12939, Thermal performance of building materials and products - Determination of thermal resistance
by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods - Thick products of high and medium thermal
resistance
EN 13162, Thermal insulation products for buildings - Factory made mineral wool (MW) products -
Specification
EN 13163, Thermal insulation products for buildings - Factory made expanded polystyrene (EPS)
products - Specification
EN 13164, Thermal insulation products for buildings - Factory made extruded polystyrene foam (XPS)
products - Specification
EN 13165, Thermal insulation products for buildings - Factory made rigid polyurethane foam (PU)
products - Specification
EN 13166, Thermal insulation products for buildings - Factory made phenolic foam (PF) products -
Specification
EN 13167, Thermal insulation products for buildings - Factory made cellular glass (CG) products -
Specification
EN 14509:2013, Self-supporting double skin metal faced insulating panels - Factory made products -
Specifications
EN ISO 6946, Building components and building elements - Thermal resistance and thermal transmittance
- Calculation method (ISO 6946)
EN ISO 10077-1, Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters - Calculation of thermal
transmittance - Part 1: General (ISO 10077-1)
EN ISO 10077-2, Thermal performance of windows, doors and shutters - Calculation of thermal
transmittance - Part 2: Numerical method for frames (ISO 10077-2)
EN ISO 10211:2007, Thermal bridges in building construction - Heat flows and surface temperatures -
Detailed calculations (ISO 10211)
EN ISO 14683, Thermal bridges in building construction - Linear thermal transmittance - Simplified
methods and default values (ISO 14683)
ISO 4590, Rigid cellular plastics — Determination of the volume percentage of open cells and of closed
cells
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
walk-in cold room
thermally insulated enclosure kit made of prefabricated sandwich panels intended for the storage of
chilled and/or frozen perishable items, accessible via at least one door, and which is large enough to let
somebody walk in it
3.1.1
prefabricated walk- in cold room kits
walk-in cold room kits delivered to installation sites ready for assembly without any rework of the
sandwich panel
3.1.2
pre-assembled walk-in cold room
walk-in cold room shipped to the customer already assembled, for which no on-site assembly is
required
3.1.3
prefabricated walk-in cold room with floor
walk-in cold room having six insulated walls and equipped with a thermally insulated floor
3.1.4
prefabricated walk-in cold room without floor
walk-in cold room having five insulated walls and without a thermally insulated floor
3.1.5
walk-in cold room components
elements that, when assembled together, compose a walk-in cold room
Note 1 to entry: Components can be for example: panels, doors, corners.
3.2
sandwich panel
building product consisting of two metal faces positioned on either side of a core that is a thermally
insulating material, which is firmly bonded to both faces so that the three components act compositely
when under load
[SOURCE: EN 14509:2013, definition 3.17]
3.3
perimetrical profile
cross section and characteristics of the perimetrical surface of the sandwich panel related to the joint
system, realized with a male-female perimetrical profile, gasket perimetrical profile and camlock
perimetrical profile or a combination of them or none of them
3.3.1
male-female perimetrical profile
design solution that allows sealing, structural resistance, thermal insulation, correct alignment at
installation
3.3.2
gasket perimetrical profile
design solution that allows sealing by embedding into a sandwich panel a sealing material
3.3.3
camlock perimetrical profile
design solution that allows sealing, structural resistance, mechanical locking between adjacent
sandwich panels
3.4
overall heat transfer coefficient
measure of the global insulating thermal performance of a walk-in cold room envelope, assembled with
doors and all ancillaries, in terms of heat flux per unit area per degree difference in temperature
3.5
mean surface area
S
surface area calculated by the geometric mean between the outside surface area and the inside surface
area
3.6
surface heat transfer coefficient
heat flux per unit area per degree difference in temperature
3.7
surface thermal resistance
ratio between temperature difference and heat flux through the surface
3.8
air curtain
technical equipment, producing a controlled stream of air aimed across an opening to create an air seal,
that separates different environments, while allowing flow of traffic and unobstructed vision through
the opening
3.9
strip curtain
provision, made of strips, preventing sudden heat gains, when opening doors
3.10 Types of door
3.10.1
hinged door
door whose actuation takes place by means of rotation of the door leaf around the axis of rotation of the
hinges
3.10.2
sliding door
door whose actuation takes place by means of sliding of the door leaf parallel to the wall
3.10.3
swing door
hinged door whose door leaf can rotate in both directions
3.10.4
roll shutter
door whose actuation takes place by means of rolling and unrolling of the flexible door leaf
3.11
mechanical closing device
mechanical device that helps self-closing of the door, and avoids door leaf to remain ajar, used to reduce
energy losses and keep internal temperature
3.12
door switch device
switch to control evaporator fan motors, internal lighting, alarm and other device improving energy
saving
3.13
thermal bridge
part of the walk-in cold room where the otherwise uniform thermal resistance is significantly changed
by a material and/or geometrical discontinuity
3.13.1
linear thermal bridge
thermal bridge with a uniform cross-section along one of the three orthogonal axes
[SOURCE: EN ISO 10211:2007, definition 3.1.2]
3.13.2
punctual thermal bridge
localized thermal bridge whose influence can be represented by a punctual thermal transmittance
[SOURCE: adapted from EN ISO 10211:2007, definition 3.1.3]
3.14
insulating material
thermally insulated product with a declared thermal conductivity lower than 0,06 W/(mK) at 10°C
3.15
ageing
worsening of the thermal properties of an insulating material or structure along time
3.16
linear thermal transmittance
heat flow rate in the steady state divided by length and by the temperature difference between the
environments on either side of a thermal bridge
3.17
punctual thermal transmittance
heat flow rate in the steady state divided by the temperature difference between the environments on
either side of a thermal bridge (W/K)
3.18
walk-in cold room ceiling
covering of the walk-in cold room
3.19
core
layer of material, having thermal insulating properties, which is bonded or injected between two metal
faces
3.20
face
facing
lightly profiled or profiled thin metal sheet firmly bonded to the core
3.21
fixing (fastening) system
system fastening panels to the supporting system or other components to the panels or components to
each other
3.22
joint
interface between two panels where the meeting edges have been designed to allow the panels to join
together in the same plane
[SOURCE: EN 14509:2013, definition 3.13]
3.23
junction
connection between adjacent panels and corners
Note 1 to entry: For example wall to wall, wall to ceiling, wall to floor.
3.24
storage temperature
target storage temperature which is intended to be maintained within the operating walk-in cold room
3.25
medium storage temperature
MT
any temperature above −5 °C, for chilled perishable items storage
3.26
low storage temperature
LT
any temperature below −5 °C, for frozen perishable items storage
3.27
gross storage volume
internal dimensions of the cold room, measured from floor to ceiling and from left to right (total height
x total width x total length in cubic meters (m ))
Note 1 to entry: When measuring in meters, the precision for measurements is to be of two decimals; tolerance
shall be of ± 0,5 cm.
3.28
thermal conductivity
property of a material to conduct heat
3.29
thermal insulation
property of a material of reducing transfer of thermal energy through its thickness
3.30
supporting profile
system not structural part of the building, used to permanently support ceiling panels (when
necessary), cooling systems, and other equipment of the walk in cold room
3.31
significant figure
digit that carry meaning contributing to the number precision, considering that leading zeros and
trailing zeros placeholders merely indicating the scale are not significant
3.32
product sample
part of the sandwich panel or door leaf obtained by cutting in the central part of the same product,
including any facings and core material
3.33
test specimen
slice of core material to be tested, taken from the middle thickness at an equal distance from the
product sample edges
3.34
group of walk-in cold room components
walk-in cold room components of similar chemical and physical characteristics, produced on the same
production line
4 Symbols and abbreviations
U overall heat transfer coefficient (W/m K)
tot
Uj single component heat transfer coefficient (W/m K)
W heating power (W)
S surface (m )
R thermal resistance (m K/W)
D thickness (m)
λ thermal conductivity coefficient (W/mK)
h surface heat transfer coefficient (W/m K)
l length (m)
Ψ linear thermal transmittance of the joints per metre length of the panel (W/mK)
Χ punctual thermal bridges transmittance (W/K)
Subscripts
n nominal
i internal
e external
c core
f facing
s surface
f fluid (air)
w wall
a air
j generic index
5 Performances
5.1 General
Performance characteristics of walk-in cold rooms shall be assessed in terms of thermal insulating
properties, in order to give a basis on which assessing energy consumption related properties of walk-
in cold rooms, and of their components.
Performance characteristics shall be assessed for every single component of the walk-in cold room and
for the assembled walk-in cold room as a whole.
For the calculations or tests, the reference point for walk-in cold rooms working at medium storage
temperature is T = +5 °C, and for low storage temperature is T = - 18 °C.
5.2 Thermal insulation performances
Thermal insulation performances of walk-in cold room kits are assessed by considering the relevant
characteristic of every single component of a walk-in cold room, which shall be assessed by test and/or
by calculations. Components of walk-in cold rooms can be identified as follows:
1) wall and ceiling panels;
2) floor panels;
3) door(s);
4) window(s);
5) fixing systems and junctions;
6) supporting profiles.
For comparison walk-in cold rooms with and without thermally insulated floor will be considered.
Air infiltration through the open door will be considered in terms of devices to avoid or limit the ingress
of ambient air, from the environment outside the walk-in cold room. A classification of the used device
will be proposed, in order to evaluate the contribution to the improvement of walk-in cold room
performance characteristics in terms of energy consumption.
5.3 Other performances
5.3.1 Air permeability
Considering a useful life of the cold room of 10 years, taking into account the extremely low air
permeability of the metal facings, air permeability of the panels is considered to have negligible effects
on the behaviour of the room. Consequently, no assessment is required.
5.3.2 Water vapour permeability
The content of 5.3.1 is also valid for water vapour permeability.
6 Methods to assess thermal insulation performances of prefabricated walk-in
cold room components
6.1 General
The assessment of energy consumption related characteristics of single components of a walk-in cold
room will be performed considering the following aspects:
1) thermal conductivity of modular panels core;
2) thermal transmittance of wall and ceiling panels;
3) thermal transmittance of floor panels;
4) thermal transmittance of doors;
5) thermal transmittance of windows;
6) thermal transmittance of corners;
7) influence of the supporting profiles.
Gaskets are considered components of the doors, and sealants are considered part of the fixing system
that is tested like reported in the points of this paragraph.
6.2 Thermal conductivity of the insulating core of wall, ceiling and floor panels
Assessment of thermal conductivity of core material of components at 2), 3) and 4) of 6.1 is performed
according to EN 12667 or EN 12939 for products of high thickness.
Thermal conductivity shall be determined according to Annex A and B, and declared by the
manufacturer according to the following conditions:
— average temperature is 10 °C;
— measured values shall be expressed with three significant figures;
— the thermal resistance, R , shall always be declared; the thermal conductivity, λ , shall be declared
D D
when possible;
— the thermal resistance, R , and the thermal conductivity, λ , shall be expressed as representative
D D
limit values of at least 90 % of production, with a level of confidence of 90 %;
shall be rounded to three significant figures expressed in
— the thermal conductivity value λ90/90
W/mK and declared as λ rounded to three significant figures and expressed W/Mk;
D
— the declared thermal resistance, R , shall be calculated according to the nominal thickness, d , and
D N
the relevant thermal conductivity value λ unless measured directly;
90/90,
— the thermal resistance value, R , when calculated according to the nominal thickness, d , and the
90/90 N
relevant thermal conductivity value, λ , shall be rounded downwards to three significant figures
90/90
and expressed in m K/W, and declared as R with three significant figures and expressed in
D
m K/W;
— the thermal resistance value, R , for those products whose thermal resistance is measured
90/90
directly, shall be rounded downwards to three significant figures and expressed in m K/W, and
declared as R with three significant figures and expressed in m K/W.
D
Thermal resistance and thermal conductivity shall be determined in accordance with EN 12667 or
EN 12939 for thick products and under the following conditions:
— at a mean temperature of (10 ± 0,3) °C;
— after conditioning of test specimens that shall be stored for at least 6 h at (23 ± 5) °C and (50 ± 5) %
relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the test standard;
— taking into account the effect of ageing according to Annex B.
Thermal resistance and thermal conductivity shall be determined directly at measured thickness. In the
event that this is not possible, they shall be determined by measurements on other thicknesses of the
product providing that:
— the product is of similar chemical and physical characteristics and is produced on the same
production unit;
— and it can be demonstrated in accordance with EN 12939 that the thermal conductivity does not
vary more than 2 % over the range of thicknesses where the calculation is applied.
When measured thickness is used for testing of thermal resistance and thermal conductivity, the test
thickness should be the smallest of the measured points on the test specimen (and not the mean) as far
as possible to avoid any air gaps during testing.
For other core materials the test methods reported in the following relevant standard apply: EN 13162;
EN 13163; EN 13164; EN 13166; EN 13167.
6.3 Thermal transmittance of wall and ceiling panels
The thermal transmittance (U) of the panel, in terms of thermal conductivities, is determined by
calculation with Formula (1):
U= (1)
S
t t
∑ dj
ni ne
RR++ + +
si se
λλ
λ
j fe
fi
where:
S is the nominal thickness of each slab of the panel (ignoring the thickness of the facings) (m);
d
t is the nominal thickness of the internal facing (m);
ni
t is the nominal thickness of the external facing (m);
ne
λ is the design thermal conductivity of the single layer of the panel W/(m·K);
λ is the design thermal conductivity of the internal facing W/(m·K);
fi
λ is the design thermal conductivity of the external facing W/(m·K);
fe
R is the internal surface resistance (m ·K/W);
si
R is the external surface resistance (m ·K/W).
se
The internal surface resistance (R ) and the external surface resistance (R ) shall be determined
si se
according to EN ISO 6946.
If several thicknesses of wall and ceiling panels are available, the worst case in terms of thermal
insulation characteristics shall be considered.
Alternatively manufacturers may assess thermal insulation performance of each thickness.
6.4 Thermal transmittance of floor panels
6.4.1 General
Thermal transmittance of floor panels will be assessed by test or calculation.
Thickness of floor panels may be made of several layers of different insulating materials, such as: basic
core material (same as wall and ceiling panels), reinforcement layer that allows walkability of floor.
Reinforcement layer is on the internal side of walk-in cold room, and may be exposed or covered by a
metal sheet with a dedicated floor finish.
The various insulating layers that make up the thickness of floor panels normally have different thermal
insulation performances.
Floor panels are normally available with several different finishes, and thicknesses; therefore, the worst
case, in terms of insulation performances, shall be assessed.
Alternatively, manufacturers may assess thermal insulation performance of each floor finish.
6.4.2 Test method
Test on floor panel is performed on a sample of the same dimensions of wall and ceiling panels,
completed with all reinforcement layers and floor finishes, according to the procedure described in
EN 12667. Sample will include all different layers of insulating materials that may compose panel
thickness.
6.4.3 Calculation method
If thermal conductivity of the insulating core material (MW, EPS, XPS, PUR, PIR, PF, CG, etc.), and any
other insulating layer that make up the thickness of floor panel are known by test (core) or tabulated
values (other layers), the calculation method may be used.
Test on core material shall be performed according to the procedure described in EN 13162, EN 13163,
EN 13164, EN 13165, EN 13166, EN 13167 or other relevant standard.
Test on core material shall be performed on a sample of the same dimensions of wall and ceiling panels,
according to the procedure described in EN 14509.
For calculation of thermal transmittance of floor panels, the Formula (1) shown in 6.3 applies.
6.5 Thermal conductivity of doors
Assessment of thermal conductivity of components at 4) of 6.1, doors, is performed according to
EN ISO 10077-1 and EN ISO 10077-2.
Thermal transmittance of critical nodes of the door frame (U) shall be calculated according to
f
EN ISO 10077-2; thermal transmittance of the whole door (U ) shall be calculated according to the
W
relevant paragraphs of EN ISO 10077-1.
When provided, the contribution of any power operated technical solution to avoid gasket freezing (e.g.
heating cable), shall be considered in terms of power consumption, as indicated in 7.3.
For the calculation of thermal transmittance U of the whole door, the weighted average between the
W
thermal transmittance of critical nodes (U ), and the thermal transmittance of the insulating door leaf
f
(U ) shall be considered. The following formula shall apply.
p
AU + A U
pp f f
∑∑
(2)
U =
w
AA+
∑∑p f
where
U is the thermal transmittance of the whole door;
w
Up is the thermal transmittance of the insulating door leaf W/(m ·K);
U is the thermal transmittance of the door frame-W/(m ·K);
f
A is the area of the insulating panel (door leaf) (m );
p
A is the area of the door frame (m ).
f
The calculation of A and A shall be done according to EN ISO 10077-1.
p f
If several thicknesses of door leaf are available, the worst case in terms of thermal insulation
characteristics shall be considered.
Alternatively manufacturers may assess thermal insulation performance of each available thickness.
6.6 Thermal conductivity of windows
Assessment of thermal conductivity of components at 5) of 6.1, windows, is performed according to
EN ISO 10077-1 and EN ISO 10077-2.
) shall be calculated according to
Thermal transmittance of critical nodes of the window frame (Uf
EN ISO 10077-2; thermal transmittance of the whole window (U ) shall be calculated according to the
W
relevant paragraphs of EN ISO 10077-1.
6.7 Thermal transmittance of corners
Thermal transmittance of corners will be assessed by calculation, according to EN ISO 10211; where
relevant, also EN ISO 10077-2 may be used.
Common solutions used for corners are:
— extruded profile corner, with empty cavities;
— injected foamed corner;
— injected foamed corner incorporated into the panel.
If several thicknesses of corners are available, the worst case in terms of thermal performance shall be
considered.
Alternatively manufacturers may assess thermal insulation performance of each available thickness.
6.8 Influence of supporting profiles
According to definition 3.29, supporting profiles may be made of several materials that have tabulated
values of thermal conductivity and thermal resistance. The influence of the supporting profiles shall be
calculated according to examples reported in EN ISO 14683, if applicable, or according to EN ISO 10211,
where calculation systems are described.
6.9 Thermal bridges of the cold room
6.9.1 General
Walk-in cold rooms are designed and built with particular attention to avoid any thermal bridges that
may affect the thermal performances of the whole walk-in cold room.
6.9.2 Thermal bridges in doors
The evaluation of the overall thermal transmittance of doors, as described in 6.5, takes into account all
effects of any discontinuities in insulation that may be present in the door.
Therefore, the effect of any critical node that may be present is already included in the proposed
calculation method, and no further study is required.
6.9.3 Thermal bridges in panel to panel joint
Depending on the design of the panel, the panel to panel joints may have different solutions; however,
although at the interface between two adjacent panels there is a slightly reduction of the actual
thickness of the insulating core material, the discontinuity is guaranteed, and there is no direct
connection between the internal and external sides of the panels.
The continuity of the insulation through the joints, male–female perimetrical and/or camlock
perimetrical profile, is guaranteed by the correct activation of the locking system, that is integral part of
each panel, that puts into contact the insulating core material of two adjacent panels directly, or
through an interposed gasket.
If no experimental data are available, EN 14509:2013, A.10.4, shall apply. The contribution factor of
longitudinal joints Type I or Type V of EN 14509:2013, Figure A.20 and EN 14509:2013, Table A.4 shall
apply, according to the design of the joint. Alternatively manufacturers may assess thermal bridges in
panel to panel joints according to their design of the worst case or to each available thickness.
6.9.4 Thermal bridges in panel to floor joint for walk-in cold rooms without insulated floor
In case of walk-in cold rooms without insulated floor, wall panels are connected to the floor through an
extruded profile made with a low thermal conductivity material or other insulated profile. The
contribution of the used profile to any linear thermal bridges that may be present at the interface of the
panel to floor joint, shall be calculated according to EN ISO 10211. If other material profiles are used,
characterized by a high thermal conductivity, their thermal conductivity shall be considered as
contribution to the thermal bridge.
The contribution of the not insulated floor to the overall heat transfer coefficient of the walk-in cold
room is considered as described in 7.2.
6.9.5 Thermal bridges at corner joints
The connection between panels of orthogonal walls, or partition walls, is realized through specific
junctions that may be filled with insulating core material made with a low thermal conductivity
material.
For foamed joints, as for panel to panel joints seen in 6.9.3, although there is a slightly reduction of the
actual thickness of the insulating core material, the discontinuity is guaranteed, and there is no direct
connection between the internal and external sides of the panels.
For panels that include a foamed corner joint in the design, the same considerations of panel to panel
joint described in 6.9.3 shall apply.
For extruded profile corner, made with a low thermal conductivity material, the connection path
between the internal and external sides of the joint is obstructed by the design of the profile, in order to
avoid thermal transmission. The evaluation of the thermal performance of extruded profile corner is
made according to 6.7.
The evaluation of the thermal bridges is covered by the evaluation of the thermal transmittance (U) of
the corner at 6.7, with the method proposed by EN ISO 10211.
6.9.6 Thermal bridges of pass through holes
Pass through holes include wires, pipes and pressure relief valves, when provided. The contribution of
pass through holes made on site or factory made and for those made for the passage of electric wires or
pipes shall be considered as a punctual thermal bridge. The value shall be determined in accordance
with EN ISO 10211. If the contribution of the punctual thermal bridge is negligible, the thermal bridge
shall not be considered in the calculation. The contribution of the heating system of pressure relief
valves shall be considered in terms of power consumption as shown in 7.3.
6.9.7 Thermal bridges of refrigerating units
The thermal bridges related to the refrigerating units are not included in this standard. Examples of
instructions for unit’s installation in the walk-in cold room are reported in Annex D.
7 Methods to assess thermal insulation performances of prefabricated walk-in
cold room kits and total power consumption
7.1 General
The proposed method to assess thermal insulation performances of a prefabricated walk-in cold room
kit is a calculation method that will consider contribution of all previously assessed components.
The combination of all contributions will give the overall heat transfer coefficient of the walk-in cold
room.
7.2 Overall heat transfer coefficient of walk-in cold room kits
The data from the thermal conductivity tests of panels, doors, windows, and floor shall be combined in
one parameter defined as “overall heat transfer coefficient”, that is calculated at the actual air velocities
inside and outside of the walk-in cold room during standard operation.
In the case of walk-in cold rooms without floor (3.1.4), a virtual surface is considered in the place of the
floor that is not part of the kit. The U value of this surface is calculated for a slab of concrete of 100 mm
of thickness, a thermal conductivity λ = 2W/(m·K), and an area equal to that corresponding to the
external dimensions of room.
The thermal conductivity of the core material that shall be used in these calculations is the value
referred to aged foam. The thermal conductivity coefficients are measured as prescribed in 6.2, or
according to EN 13162 (MW), EN 13163 (EPS), EN 13164 (XPS), EN 13166 (PF), EN 13167 (CG), with
reference to the different insulating core materia
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