EN 10028-2:2017

Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties

This European Standard specifies requirements for flat products for pressure equipment made of weldable non-alloy and alloy steels with elevated temperature properties as specified in Table 1.
The requirements and definitions of EN 10028-1:2017 also apply.
NOTE   Once this European Standard is published in the EU Official Journal (OJEU) under Directive 2014/68/EU, presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESRs) of Directive 2014/68/EU is limited to technical data of materials in this European Standard (Part 1 and this Part 2 of the series) and does not presume adequacy of the material to a specific item of equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of Directive 2014/68/EU are satisfied, needs to be done.

Flacherzeugnisse aus Druckbehälterstählen - Teil 2: Unlegierte und legierte Stähle mit festgelegten Eigenschaften bei erhöhten Temperaturen

Diese Europäische Norm legt Anforderungen fest an Flacherzeugnisse für Druckbehälter aus den schweißgeeigneten unlegierten und legierten Stählen nach Tabelle 1 mit Eigenschaften für den Einsatz bei erhöhten Temperaturen.
Zusätzlich gelten die Anforderungen und Begriffe in EN 10028-1:2017.
ANMERKUNG   Nach Veröffentlichung dieser Europäischen Norm im EU Amtsblatt (OJEU) unter der Richtlinie 2014/68/EU ist die Annahme ihrer Konformität mit den grundlegenden Anforderungen (ESR) der Richtlinie 2014/68/EU auf die technischen Daten von Werkstoffen in dieser Europäischen Norm (Teil 1 und der entsprechende Teil der Normenreihe) beschränkt, und es darf nicht angenommen werden, dass damit die Eignung des Werkstoffs für ein bestimmtes Ausrüstungsteil festgestellt ist. Folglich müssen die in dieser Werkstoffnorm angegebenen technischen Parameter im Hinblick auf die konstruktiven Anforderungen dieses bestimmten Ausrüstungsteils ermittelt werden, um damit zu verifizieren, dass den ESR der Richtlinie 2014/68/EU entsprochen wird.

Produits plats en aciers pour appareils à pression - Partie 2 : Aciers non alliés et alliés avec caractéristiques spécifiées à température élevée

La présente Norme européenne spécifie les prescriptions relatives aux produits plats pour appareils à pression en aciers non alliés et alliés, aptes au soudage, avec caractéristiques à température élevée, telles que spécifiées dans le Tableau 1.
Les prescriptions de l’EN 10028-1:2017 s’appliquent également.
NOTE     Dès lors que la présente Norme européenne est publiée dans le Journal Officiel de l’Union européenne (JOUE) en lien avec la Directive 2014/68/UE, la présomption de conformité aux Exigences Essentielles de Sécurité (ESRs) de la Directive 2014/68/UE se limite aux données techniques des matériaux de la présente Norme européenne (Partie 1 et  la présente Partie 2 de la série) et ne suppose pas l'adéquation des matériaux avec un appareil en particulier. Par conséquent, il doit être procédé à l’évaluation des données techniques spécifiées dans la présente norme de matériaux par rapport aux exigences concernant la conception de cet équipement spécifique, afin de vérifier que les exigences essentielles de sécurité de la Directive 2014/68/UE soient satisfaites.

Ploščati jekleni izdelki za tlačne posode - 2. del: Nelegirana in legirana jekla s specificiranimi lastnostmi pri povišanih temperaturah

Ta evropski standard določa zahteve za ploščate izdelke za tlačno opremo, izdelano iz varilnega nelegiranega jekla in legiranega jekla s povišanimi temperaturnimi lastnostmi.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 25-Jul-2017
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Jan-2018
• ICS: 77.140.30 - Steels for pressure purposes
• ICS: 77.140.50 - Flat steel products and semi-products
• Technical Committee: ECISS/TC 107 - Steels for pressure purposes
• Drafting Committee: ECISS/TC 107 - Steels for pressure purposes
• Current Stage: 9060 - Closure of 2 Year Review Enquiry - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 04-Mar-2023
• Completion Date: 04-Mar-2023
• Directive: 2014/68/EU - Directive 2014/68/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on the harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of pressure equipment
• Directive: 97/23/EC - Directive 97/23/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 May 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States concerning pressure equipment
• Mandate: M/071 - Mandate to CEN for standardization in the field of Pressure equipment
• Ref Project: SIST EN 10028-2:2017 - Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties

Relations

• Replaces: EN 10028-2:2009 - Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties
• Effective Date: 08-Jun-2022

Overview

EN 10028-2:2017 - Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes (Part 2) is a CEN European Standard that specifies requirements for weldable non‑alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated temperature properties used for pressure equipment. It covers flat products (plates and similar) intended for service at elevated temperatures and works together with EN 10028-1:2017 (general requirements). EN 10028-2:2017 supersedes the 2009 version and includes material grades (for example P235GH, P265GH, P295GH, P355GH, 16Mo3 and various CrMo grades), testing, delivery conditions and documentation rules relevant to pressure equipment manufacture and procurement.

Key Topics

• Scope and classification: Defines which flat steel grades are covered and classifies non‑alloy vs alloy pressure steels.
• Chemical composition: Cast and product analysis requirements are specified in Table 1 and tolerances in Table 2. Options for limiting certain elements (e.g., copper, tin) are provided.
• Mechanical properties and delivery conditions: Normalizing, normalizing rolling, tempered or untreated delivery options and requirements for testing in the delivery or simulated condition.
• Welding and heat treatment guidance: Annex A provides heat treatment guidelines; Annex B covers time‑temperature parameters for stress relieving.
• Inspection and testing: Prescribes types of inspection documents (EN 10204), sampling, tests to be carried out, retests and reprocessing. Specific tests include impact testing, resistance to hydrogen‑induced cracking (HIC, EN 10229) and a step cooling test (Annex E).
• Creep and elevated‑temperature data: Annex C supplies reference strength data for creep strain and creep rupture.
• Marking and documentation: Requirements for marking and inspection certificates (examples and ordering formats are given).

Applications

EN 10028-2 is used to specify flat steel materials for pressure equipment and components that operate at elevated temperatures - for example boilers, pressure vessels, heat exchangers and high‑temperature piping. It ensures traceability, material suitability for welding and appropriate high‑temperature mechanical performance.

Who uses this standard

• Material specifiers and purchasers for pressure equipment
• Pressure vessel and boiler manufacturers and fabricators
• Welding engineers and metallurgists
• Design and stress engineers verifying material data against Component design requirements (see Directive 2014/68/EU note)
• Inspection and quality control personnel

Related standards

• EN 10028-1:2017 - General requirements for flat products for pressure purposes
• EN 10204:2004 - Types of inspection documents
• EN 10229:1998 - Evaluation of resistance to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC)
• EN 1011 series - Welding guidance
• Directive 2014/68/EU - Essential Safety Requirements (see Annex ZA)

EN 10028-2:2017 provides the material technical data and testing framework needed when specifying and verifying steels for pressure purposes at elevated temperatures, supporting safe, traceable and harmonized procurement and manufacture across Europe.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 10028-2:2009
OHJLUDQDMHNODV3ORãþDWLMHNOHQLL]GHONL]DWODþQHSRVRGHGHO1HOHJLUDQDLQ
VSHFLILFLUDQLPLODVWQRVWPLSULSRYLãDQLKWHPSHUDWXUDK
Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 2: Non-alloy and alloy steels
with specified elevated temperature properties
Flacherzeugnisse aus Druckbehälterstählen - Teil 2: Unlegierte und legierte Stähle mit
festgelegten Eigenschaften bei erhöhten Temperaturen
Produits plats en aciers pour appareils à pression - Partie 2: Aciers non alliés et alliés
avec caractéristiques specifiées à température élevée
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 10028-2:2017
ICS:
77.140.30 Jekla za uporabo pod tlakom Steels for pressure purposes
77.140.50 3ORãþDWLMHNOHQLL]GHONLLQ Flat steel products and semi-
SROL]GHONL products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 10028-2
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 77.140.30; 77.140.50 Supersedes EN 10028-2:2009
English Version
Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part
2: Non-alloy and alloy steels with specified elevated
temperature properties
Produits plats en aciers pour appareils à pression - Flacherzeugnisse aus Druckbehälterstählen - Teil 2:
Partie 2 : Aciers non alliés et alliés avec Unlegierte und legierte Stähle mit festgelegten
caractéristiques spécifiées à température élevée Eigenschaften bei erhöhten Temperaturen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 May 2017.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 10028-2:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 Tolerances on dimensions . 4
5 Calculation of mass . 4
6 Classification and designation . 4
6.1 Classification . 4
6.2 Designation . 4
7 Information to be supplied by the purchaser . 5
7.1 Mandatory information . 5
7.2 Options . 5
7.3 Example for ordering. 5
8 Requirements . 6
8.1 Steelmaking process . 6
8.2 Delivery condition . 6
8.3 Chemical composition . 6
8.4 Mechanical properties . 10
8.5 Surface condition . 10
8.6 Internal soundness . 10
8.7 Resistance to hydrogen induced cracking . 10
8.8 Embrittlement of CrMo steels . 10
9 Inspection . 10
9.1 Types of inspection and inspection documents . 10
9.2 Tests to be carried out . 10
9.3 Retests, sorting and reprocessing . 10
10 Sampling . 10
11 Test methods . 10
12 Marking . 11
Annex A (informative) Guidelines for heat treatment . 17
Annex B (informative) Critical time temperature parameter P and possible combinations
crit.
of stress relieving temperature and holding time . 18
Annex C (informative) Reference data of strength values for 1 % (plastic) creep strain and
creep rupture . 20
Annex D (normative) Evaluation of resistance to hydrogen induced cracking . 26
Annex E (normative) Step cooling test . 27
Annex F (informative) Changes to the previous version EN 10028-2:2009 . 28
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of European Directive 2014/68/EU . 29
Bibliography. 30
European foreword
This document (EN 10028-2:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ECISS/TC 107 “Steels
for pressure purposes”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2018 and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by January 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN 10028-2:2009.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of Directive 2014/68/EU.
For relationship with Directive 2014/68/EU, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
A list of changes between this document and the previous version can be found in Annex F.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
1 Scope
This European Standard specifies requirements for flat products for pressure equipment made of
weldable non-alloy and alloy steels with elevated temperature properties as specified in Table 1.
The requirements and definitions of EN 10028-1:2017 also apply.
NOTE Once this European Standard is published in the EU Official Journal (OJEU) under Directive
2014/68/EU, presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESRs) of Directive 2014/68/EU is
limited to technical data of materials in this European Standard (Part 1 and this Part 2 of the series) and does not
presume adequacy of the material to a specific item of equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical
data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify
that the ESRs of Directive 2014/68/EU are satisfied, needs to be done.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1011-1:2009, Welding - Recommendations for welding of metallic materials - Part 1: General guidance
for arc welding
EN 1011-2:2001, Welding - Recommendations for welding of metallic materials - Part 2: Arc welding of
ferritic steels
EN 10028-1:2017, Flat products made of steels for pressure purposes - Part 1: General requirements
EN 10204:2004, Metallic products - Types of inspection documents
EN 10229:1998, Evaluation of resistance of steel products to hydrogen induced cracking (HIC)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 10028-1:2017 apply.
4 Tolerances on dimensions
See EN 10028-1:2017.
5 Calculation of mass
See EN 10028-1:2017.
6 Classification and designation
6.1 Classification
In accordance with EN 10020, the grades P235GH, P265GH, P295GH and P355GH are non-alloy quality
steels. All other grades are alloy special steels.
6.2 Designation
See EN 10028-1:2017.
7 Information to be supplied by the purchaser
7.1 Mandatory information
See EN 10028-1:2017.
7.2 Options
A number of options are specified in this document and listed below. Additionally the relevant options
of EN 10028-1:2017 apply. If the purchaser does not indicate a wish to implement any of these options
at the time of enquiry and order, the products shall be supplied in accordance with the basic
specification (see also EN 10028-1:2017).
1) limitation of copper and/or tin content (see Table 1, footnote b);
2) minimum chromium content of 0,80 % (see Table 1, footnote f);
3) maximum carbon content of 0,17 % for nominal thicknesses greater than 150 mm (see Table 1,
footnote g);
4) tests in the simulated normalized condition (see 8.2.2);
5) delivery conditions deviating from those specified in Table 3 (see 8.2.2 and 8.2.3);
6) maximum carbon equivalent value for P235GH, P265GH, P295GH and P355GH (see 8.3.3);
7) specification of a minimum impact energy of 40 J (see Table 3);
8) no option, intentionally left blank;
9) specification of the delivery condition +QT where the usual delivery condition is +NT (see Table 3,
footnote b and Table 4, footnote b);
10) additional impact energy values (see Table 3, footnote e);
11) no option, intentionally left blank;
12) HIC test in accordance with EN 10229 (see 8.7);
13) step cooling test in accordance with Annex E (see 8.8);
14) mid thickness test pieces for the impact test (see Clause 10).
7.3 Example for ordering
10 plates with nominal dimensions, thickness = 50 mm, width = 2 000 mm, length = 10 000 mm, made
of a steel grade with the name 16Mo3 and the number 1.5415 as specified in EN 10028-2, inspection
certificate 3.1 as specified in EN 10204:
10 plates – 50 × 2 000 × 10 000 – EN 10028-2 – 16Mo3 – Inspection certificate 3.1
or
10 plates – 50 × 2 000 × 10 000 – EN 10028-2 – 1.5415 – Inspection certificate 3.1
8 Requirements
8.1 Steelmaking process
See EN 10028-1:2017.
8.2 Delivery condition
8.2.1 Unless otherwise agreed at the time of enquiry and order, the products covered by this
document shall be supplied in the usual conditions given in Table 3 (see 8.2.3).
8.2.2 Normalizing may, at the discretion of manufacturer, be replaced with normalizing rolling for the
steel grades P235GH, P265GH, P295GH, P355GH and 16Mo3. In this case, additional tests in the
simulated normalized condition with an agreed frequency of testing may be agreed at the time of
enquiry and order to verify that the specified properties are complied with.
8.2.3 If so agreed at the time of enquiry and order, products made of steel grades P235GH, P265GH,
P295GH, P355GH and 16Mo3 may also be delivered in the untreated condition. Products made of one of
the other alloy grades may be supplied in the tempered or normalized condition or, in exceptional
cases, in the untreated condition if so agreed (Annex A contains heat treatment information for the
purchaser).
In these cases, testing shall be carried out on test pieces in the usual delivery condition as indicated in
Table 3.
8.2.4 Information on welding are given in Annex B of this standard.
8.3 Chemical composition
8.3.1 The requirements of Table 1 shall apply for the chemical composition according to the cast
analysis.
8.3.2 The product analysis shall not deviate from the specified values for the cast analysis as specified
in Table 1 by more than the values given in Table 2.
8.3.3 A maximum value for the carbon equivalent may be agreed at time of enquiry and order for
steel grades P235GH, P265GH, P295GH and P355GH. In this case, the following formula shall apply for
calculation of the carbon equivalent value (CEV):
Mn Cr++Mo V Ni+ Cu
CEV=C++ +
6 5 15
a
Table 1 — Chemical composition (cast analysis)
Steel designation % by mass
b
Steel name Steel number C Si Mn P S Altotal N Cr Cu Mo Nb Ni Ti V Others
max. max. max.
c
0,60
d
P235GH 1.0345 ≤ 0,16 ≤ 0,35 0,025 0,010 ≥ 0,020 ≤ 0,012 ≤ 0,30 ≤ 0,30 ≤ 0,08 ≤ 0,030 ≤ 0,30 0,03 ≤ 0,02
to 1,20
c
0,80
d
P265GH 1.0425 ≤ 0,20 ≤ 0,40 0,025 0,010 ≥ 0,020 ≤ 0,012 ≤ 0,30 ≤ 0,30 ≤ 0,08 ≤ 0,030 ≤ 0,30 0,03 ≤ 0,02
to 1,40
Cr+Cu+Mo+Ni ≤ 0,70
c
0,08 to 0,90
d
P295GH 1.0481 ≤ 0,40 0,025 0,010 ≥ 0,020 ≤ 0,012 ≤ 0,30 ≤ 0,30 ≤ 0,08 ≤ 0,030 ≤ 0,30 0,03 ≤ 0,02
0,20 to 1,50
0,10 to 1,10 to
d
P355GH 1.0473 ≤ 0,60 0,025 0,010 ≥ 0,020 ≤ 0,012 ≤ 0,30 ≤ 0,30 ≤ 0,08 ≤ 0,040 ≤ 0,30 0,03 ≤ 0,02
0,22 1,70
0,12 to 0,40 to 0,25 to
e
16Mo3 1.5415 ≤ 0,35 0,025 0,010 ≤ 0,012 ≤ 0,30 ≤ 0,30 - ≤ 0,30 - - -
0,20 0,90 0,35
0,90 to 0,45 to
e
18MnMo4–5 1.5414 ≤ 0,20 ≤ 0,40 0,015 0,005 ≤ 0,012 ≤ 0,30 ≤ 0,30 - ≤ 0,30 - - -
1,50 0,60
0,15 to 1,00 to 0,45 to 0,40 to
e
20MnMoNi4–5 1.6311 ≤ 0,40 0,020 0,010 ≤ 0,012 ≤ 0,20 ≤ 0,20 - - ≤ 0,02 -
0,23 1,50 0,60 0,80
0,25 to 0,80 to 0,50 to 0,25 to 0,015 to 1,00 to
15NiCuMoNb5–6-4 1.6368 ≤ 0,17 0,025 0,010 ≥ 0,015 ≤ 0,020 ≤ 0,30 - - -
0,50 1,20 0,80 0,50 0,045 1,30
f
0,08 to 0,40 to 0,70 0,40 to
e
13CrMo4–5 1.7335 ≤ 0,35 0,025 0,010 ≤ 0,012 ≤ 0,30 - - - - -
0,18 1,00 to 1,15 0,60
0,50 to 0,40 to 1,00 to 0,45 to
e
13CrMoSi5–5 1.7336 ≤ 0,17 0,015 0,005 ≤ 0,012 ≤ 0,30 - ≤ 0,30 - - -
0,80 0,65 1,50 0,65
0,08 to 0,40 to 2,00 to 0,90 to
e
10CrMo9–10 1.7380 ≤ 0,50 0,020 0,010 ≤ 0,012 ≤ 0,30 - - - - -
g
0,14 0,80 2,50 1,10
0,10 to 0,30 to 2,00 to 0,90 to
e
12CrMo9–10 1.7375 ≤ 0,30 0,015 0,010 ≤ 0,012 ≤ 0,25 - ≤ 0,30 - - -
0,15 0,80 2,50 1,10
0,10 to 0,30 to 4,00 to 0,45 to
e
X12CrMo5 1.7362 ≤ 0,50 0,020 0,005 ≤ 0,012 ≤ 0,30 - ≤ 0,30 - - -
0,15 0,60 6,00 0,65
Steel designation % by mass
b
Steel name Steel number C Si Mn P S Al N Cr Cu Mo Nb Ni Ti V Others
total
max. max. max.
B ≤ 0,002,
0,11 to 0,30 to 2,00 to 0,90 to 0,25 to
e
13CrMoV9–10 1.7703 ≤ 0,10 0,015 0,005 ≤ 0,012 ≤ 0,20 ≤ 0,07 ≤ 0,25 0,03
0,15 0,60 2,50 1,10 0,35
Ca ≤ 0,015
h
B ≤ 0,003 ,
0,10 to 0,30 to 2,75 to 0,90 to 0,20 to
e h h
12CrMoV12–10 1.7767 ≤ 0,15 0,015 0,005 ≤ 0,012 ≤ 0,25 ≤ 0,07 ≤ 0,25 0,03
h
0,15 0,60 3,25 1,10 0,30
Ca ≤ 0,015
0,08 to 0,30 to 0,030 to 8,00 to 0,85 to 0,06 to 0,18 to
X10CrMoVNb9–1 1.4903 ≤ 0,50 0,020 0,005 ≤ 0,040 ≤ 0,30 ≤ 0,30 - -
0,12 0,60 0,070 9,50 1,05 0,10 0,25
a
Elements not listed in this table shall not be intentionally added to the steel without the agreement of the purchaser except for finishing the cast. All appropriate measures shall be
taken to prevent the addition from scrap or other materials used in steelmaking of these elements which may affect the mechanical properties and usability.
b
A lower maximum copper content and/or a maximum sum of copper and tin content, e.g. Cu + 6 Sn ≤ 0,33 %, may be agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order, e.g. with regard to
hot formability for the grades where only a maximum copper content is specified.
c
For nominal thicknesses < 6 mm, a minimum manganese content of 0,20 % lower than specified is permitted.
Al
d
A ratio ≥ 2 shall apply.
N
e
The Al content of the cast shall be determined and given in the inspection document.
f
If resistance to pressurized hydrogen is of importance, a minimum content of 0,80 % Cr may be agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order.
g
For nominal thicknesses greater than 150 mm, a maximum content of 0,17 % C may be agreed upon at the time of enquiry and order.
h
This grade may be produced with additions of either Ti + B or Nb + Ca. The following minimum contents shall apply: Ti ≥ 0,015 % and B ≥ 0,001 % in the case of additions of Ti + B,
Nb ≥ 0,015 % and Ca ≥ 0,000 5 % in the case of additions of Nb + Ca.
Table 2 — Permissible product analysis tolerances on the limiting values given in Table 1 for the
cast analysis
a
Element Specified value in the Permissible deviation of
cast analysis the product analysis
according to
% by mass
Table 1
% by mass
C ≤ 0,23 ±0,02
Si ≤ 0,35 ±0,05
> 0,35 to ≤ 1,00 ±0,06
Mn ≤ 1,00 ±0,05
> 1,00 to ≤ 1,70 ±0,10
P ≤ 0,015 + 0,003
> 0,015 to ≤ 0,025 + 0,005
S ≤ 0,010 + 0,003
Al ≥ 0,010 ±0,005
B ≤ 0,003 ±0,000 5
N ≤ 0,020 ±0,002
> 0,020 to ≤ 0,070 ±0,005
Cr ≤ 2,00 ±0,05
> 2,00 to ≤ 10,00 ±0,10
Cu ≤ 0,30 ±0,05
> 0,30 to ≤ 0,80 ±0,10
Mo ≤ 0,35 ±0,03
> 0,35 to ≤ 1,10 ±0,04
Nb ≤ 0,10 ±0,01
Ni ≤ 0,30 ±0,05
> 0,30 to ≤ 1,30 ±0,10
Cr+Cu+Mo+Ni ≤ 0,70 + 0,05
Ti ≤ 0,03 ±0,01
V ≤ 0,05 ±0,01
> 0,05 to ≤ 0,35 ±0,03
a
If several product analyses are carried out on one cast, and the contents of
an individual element determined lie outside the permissible range of the
chemical composition specified for the cast analysis then it is only allowed to
exceed the permissible maximum value or fall short of the permissible minimum
value, but not both for one cast.
8.4 Mechanical properties
8.4.1 The values given in Tables 3 and 4 (see also EN 10028-1:2017 and Clause 10) shall apply.
8.4.2 Annex C gives mean values as preliminary data for the purchaser about 1 % (plastic) creep
strain and creep rupture.
8.5 Surface condition
See EN 10028-1:2017.
8.6 Internal soundness
See EN 10028-1:2017.
8.7 Resistance to hydrogen induced cracking
Carbon and low alloy steels may be susceptible to cracking when exposed to corrosive H S containing
environments, usually referred to as 'sour service'.
A test to evaluate the resistance to hydrogen induced cracking in accordance with Annex D may be
specified at time of enquiry and order.
8.8 Embrittlement of CrMo steels
CrMo steels may tend to become brittle in service at temperatures between approximately 400 °C and
500 °C. This possible tendency for embrittlement can be simulated in the laboratory with the so called
step cooling test. In this test a specimen is exposed to a temperature - time cycle as given in Figure E.1.
The shift of a transition curve before and after the step cooling test is a measure for the embrittlement.
A step cooling test in accordance with Annex E may be specified at time of enquiry and order.
9 Inspection
9.1 Types of inspection and inspection documents
See EN 10028-1:2017.
9.2 Tests to be carried out
See EN 10028-1:2017 and 8.7 and 8.8.
9.3 Retests, sorting and reprocessing
See EN 10028-1:2017.
10 Sampling
See EN 10028-1:2017.
For the impact test, deviating from EN 10028-1:2017, Table 4, footnote g, the preparation of test pieces
taken from the mid thickness may be agreed at the time of enquiry and order. In this case, test
temperatures and minimum impact energy values shall also be agreed.
11 Test methods
See EN 10028-1:2017 and Annex D and E.
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