FprEN 4905
(Main)Aerospace series - Passive UHF RFID for airborne use
Aerospace series - Passive UHF RFID for airborne use
This document is applicable to new manufactured tags after publication of this document.
This document aims to:
- provide specification for RFID tag manufacturers to design and manufacture passive UHF RFID tags for the aeronautical industry;
- identify required performances for UHF RFID tags in order to be read/written during ground operations only, while being subject to the global flight environment;
- identify functional and environmental validation tests to be performed on passive UHF RFID tags with associated pass/fail criteria as well as associated test methods;
- check functionalities and resistance to environment for airborne passive UHF RFID tags.
This document does not apply to:
- the reader (interrogator – readers). It will be addressed appropriately by individual applicants;
- active RFID devices or battery assisted passive (BAP) RFID devices;
- RFID tags designed to operate outside the 860 MHz to 960 MHz frequency range.
Luft- und Raumfahrt - Passive UHF-RFID für den Einsatz in der Luft
Série aérospatiale - RFID UHF passive pour une utilisation aéroportée
Le présent document est applicable aux nouvelles étiquettes, fabriquées après la publication du présent document.
Le présent document vise à :
- fournir des spécifications aux fabricants d’étiquettes RFID pour concevoir et fabriquer des étiquettes RFID UHF passives pour l'industrie aéronautique ;
- identifier les performances requises pour les étiquettes RFID UHF afin de permettre la lecture/l'écriture pendant les opérations au sol uniquement, tout en étant soumises à l'environnement de vol global ;
- identifier les essais de validation fonctionnelle et environnementale à effectuer sur les étiquettes RFID UHF passives avec les critères de réussite/d'échec associés ainsi que les méthodes d'essai associées ;
- vérifier les fonctionnalités et la résistance à l'environnement pour les étiquettes RFID UHF passives embarquées.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas :
- au lecteur (interrogateur - lecteurs) ; celui-ci sera traité de manière appropriée par les différents demandeurs ;
- aux dispositifs RFID actifs ou aux dispositifs RFID passifs assistés par batterie (BAP) ;
- aux étiquettes RFID conçues pour opérer en dehors de la gamme de fréquences entre 860 MHz et 960 MHz.
Aeronavtika - Pasivne priponke UHF RFID za uporabo v zraku
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 4905:2022
01-oktober-2022
Aeronavtika - Pasivne priponke UHF RFID za uporabo v zraku
Aerospace series - Passive UHF RFID for airborne use
Luft- und Raumfahrt - Passive UHF-RFID für den Einsatz in der Luft
Série aérospatiale - RFID UHF passive pour une utilisation aéroportée
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 4905
ICS:
49.035 Sestavni deli za letalsko in Components for aerospace
vesoljsko gradnjo construction
oSIST prEN 4905:2022 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
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oSIST prEN 4905:2022
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 4905
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2022
ICS 35.040.50; 35.240.60; 49.035
English Version
Aerospace series - Passive UHF RFID for airborne use
Série aérospatiale - RFID UHF passive pour une Luft- und Raumfahrt - Passive UHF-RFID für den
utilisation aéroportée Einsatz in der Luft
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee ASD-
STAN.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 4905:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 List of acronyms . 10
5 RFID tag presentation . 10
6 Tag requirements . 11
6.1 General requirements . 11
6.2 Functional requirements . 12
6.3 Environmental requirements . 14
6.4 Specific requirements . 20
7 Tag Installation . 21
8 Quality assurance . 21
9 Replacement . 21
10 RFID Tag Identification and marking . 21
11 Packaging, handling, storage and transportation . 24
Bibliography . 25
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European foreword
This document (prEN 4905:2022) has been prepared by the Aerospace and Defence Industries
Association of Europe — Standardization (ASD-STAN).
After enquiries and votes carried out in accordance with the rules of this Association, this document has
received the approval of the National Associations and the Official Services of the member countries of
ASD, prior to its presentation to CEN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 4817:2012.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
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Introduction
In order to improve:
— spare parts logistics;
— optimized maintenance process;
— cmponent repair operations or replacements based on expiration date;
— as-flying configuration management process;
— cargo/catering operation
in the aeronautical industry, an efficient data capture and storage tool, attached to the parts for their
entire life and usable worldwide is highly desired.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is considered as the best candidate for all stakeholders:
suppliers, OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturers), aircraft manufacturers, airlines, MROs
(Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul), etc., for more accurate, faster and more automatic processes for
data capture.
The key characteristics of RFID are mainly the ability to store data onto an object, to read and write at
the point of action, to be able to point and link with existing databases and for UHF RFID in particular
the ability to be read from a distance and in batches.
The RFID label shall consist in an integrated circuit attached to a substrate with an integrated antenna
and, when applicable, covered with a human-readable printed film and/or machine-readable 2D or data
matrix barcode.
Standardization of these RFID tags for aeronautical industry adoption of RFID technology will provide
key benefits in processes configuration management and for the maintenance of airborne components
compared to paper records, bar code or classical human readable nameplates.
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1 Scope
This document is applicable to new manufactured tags after publication of this document.
This document aims to:
— provide specification for RFID tag manufacturers to design and manufacture passive UHF RFID tags
for the aeronautical industry;
— identify required performances for UHF RFID tags in order to be read/written during ground
operations only, while being subject to the global flight environment;
— identify functional and environmental validation tests to be performed on passive UHF RFID tags
with associated pass/fail criteria as well as associated test methods;
— check functionalities and resistance to environment for airborne passive UHF RFID tags.
This document does not cover:
— the reader (interrogator – readers). It will be addressed appropriately by individual applicants;
— active RFID devices or battery assisted passive (BAP) RFID devices;
— RFID tags designed to operate outside the 860 to 960 MHz frequency range.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
However, unless you have obtained a specific exemption, nothing in this document supersedes existing
laws and regulations. All RFID applications must comply with applicable local laws and regulations (i.e.
European Telecommunication Office (ETO)/European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
for Europe, Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for the United States and or corresponding
regulations in Asia).
EN 9100, Quality Management Systems — Requirements for Aviation, Space and Defence Organizations
1
ATA Spec 2000, Chapter 9 — Automated Identification and Data Capture — Ch.9-4 (Barcode) & 9.5
(RFID)
2
ATA Spec 2000, Annex 11 — The format of user memory in EPC Global Class 1, Generation 2 RFID
transponders
EPC™ Radio-Frequency Identity Protocols Generation-2 UHF RFID Standard, Specification for RFID Air
Interface Protocol for Communications at 860 MHz — 960 MHz
2
EUROCAE ED-14-RTCA DO 160, Environmental conditions and test procedures for airborne equipment
1
Published by: ATA National (US), International Air Transport Association of America,
https://www.airlines.org/.
2
Published by: The European Organisation for Civil Aviation Equipment, https://www.eurocae.net/.
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Interoperability Test System for EPC Compliant Class-1 Generation-2 UHF RFID, Devices —
Interoperability test methodology
3
ISO 105-X12, Textiles — Tests for colour fastness — Part X12: Colour fastness to rubbing
ISO/IEC 18000-6, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management —
Part 6: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz General
ISO/IEC 18000-63, Information technology — Radio frequency identification for item management —
Part 63: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz Type C
4
MIL-STD-202, Department of Defence Test Method Standard: Electronic and Electrical Component Parts
5
MIL-STD-810G, Department of Defence Test method Standard: Environmental Engineering
considerations and Laboratory Tests
RTCA/DO-160, Environmental Conditions and test Procedures for Airborne Equipment
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/ui
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
air interface protocol
wireless air interface protocol by which RFID tags and readers communicate
3.2
backscatter
method of communication in which an RFID tag without a battery (or any internal power source)
receives energy from an RFID reader’s transmission and uses that same energy to send back a reply
3.3
barcode
method of representing data in a visual, machine-readable form
3.4
chip
tiny wafer of semiconductor material, such as silicon, processed to form a type of integrated circuit or
component
3.5
Electronic Product Code
EPC
universal identifier that gives a unique identity to a specific physical object
3
Published by: ISO International Organization for Standardization, https://www.iso.org/.
4
Published by: DoD National (US) Mil. Department of Defense, https://www.defense.gov/.
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3.6
EPCglobal®
GS1 initiative to innovate and develop industry-driven standards for Electronic Product Code™ (EPC) to
support the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and allow global visibility of items (EPCIS) in
today's fast-moving, information rich, trading networks
3.7
EPCglobal® Class 1 Gen 2 UHF Tag
GS1 EPC™ Gen 2 UHF Tag
air interface protocol, which defines the physical and logical requirements for an RFID system of
interrogators and passive tags, operating in the 860 MHz – 960 MHz UHF range
Note 1 to entry: It was first published by EPCglobal in 2004.
3.8
European Telecommunication Office
ETO
coordination entity between the postal and telecommunications organizations of the European States
3.9
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI
independent, not-for-profit, standardization organization in the telecommunications industry
(equipment makers and network operators) in Europe
3.10
Federal Aviation Administration
FAA
government agency responsible for civil aviation treaties and controls in the United States
3.11
Federal Communications Commission
FCC
regulator of interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite, and cable
in all 50 States, the District of Columbia and U.S. territories
Note 1 to entry: An independent US government agency overseen by Congress, the Commission is the federal
agency responsible for implementing and enforcing America’s communications law and regulations.
3.12
human-readable
representation of data or information that can be naturally read by humans
3.13
International Electrotechnical Commission
IEC
international standards and conformity assessment body for all fields of electrotechnology
3.14
inlay
antenna made on an insulating support and to which an RFID chip is connected
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3.15
integrated circuit
IC
electronic circuit formed on a small piece of semiconducting material, which performs the same
function as a larger circuit made from discrete components
3.16
integrated nameplate
identification or part marking containing an embedded RFID chip or device which may be utilized in the
same manner as other identification and markings
3.17
interoperability
ability of systems, from different manufacturers, to execute bi-directional data exchange functions, in a
manner that allows them to operate effectively together
Note 1 to entry: RFID hardware and software interoperability determine the ability of RFID tags and
interrogators manufactured by different suppliers to work interchangeably.
3.18
interrogator (reader/writer)
transmitter/receiver that reads the contents of RFID tags in the vicinity
3.19
label
encapsulated RFID inlay within a type of material that covers and protects it; paper, plastic,
polyethylene, polyamide, cardboard, foam
Note 1 to entry: RFID labels can be made with the adhesive required for the specific application.
3.20
machine-readable
data (or metadata) in a format that can be easily processed by a computer
3.21
non-operating temperature
temperature at which equipment will normally be exposed and not required to operate
3.22
operating temperature
temperature at which equipment will normally be exposed and required to operate
3.23
passive-backscatter, in mode Interrogator-Talk-First (ITF) System
Backscattering of a signal towards the reader thanks to the modulation of the reflection coefficient of its
antenna, following the transmission from the reader to the tag of continuous wave RF signals
3.24
passive UHF RFID tag
tag with no internal power source and instead is powered by the electromagnetic energy transmitted
from an RFID reader
Note 1 to entry: It does not transmit radio waves from itself.
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3.25
read range
straight-line distance between an RFID tag and the antenna of the RFID interrogator
3.26
Radio Frequency Identification
RFID
remote identification method using radio frequency markers and readers
3.27
Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics
RTCA
United States volunteer organization that develops technical guidance for use by government
regulatory authorities and by industry
3.28
Specification Control Document or Drawing
SCD
document or drawing prepared for the purpose of defining and controlling key characteristics of
purchased material, and used to describe qualification and acceptance requirements for procured items
3.29
RFID tag
see “label”
Note 1 to entry: A tag could be an adhesive label, an attached tag or an embedded tag.
Note 2 to entry: When it is possible, the RFID information shall be completed by human readable information.
3.30
Survival temperature
ambient temperature range at which a component can survive in a non-operating range mode and
perform within specifications when operated
3.31
Ultra-High Frequency
UHF
Radio frequencies in the range between 300 megahertz (MHz) and 3 gigahertz (GHz), also known as the
“decimetre band” as the wavelengths range from one meter to one tenth of a meter (one decimeter)
Note 1 to entry: UHF RFID Frequencies vary in each country based on each country’s regulations. UHF allocations
for passive RFID are within the 860 to 960 MHz band worldwide.
3.32
user memory
memory used for storing data other than the unique identifier of the product the tag is attached to
Note 1 to entry: It is typically an optional feature.
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3.33
Extended Tag identifier
XTID
memory construct that defines a tag's capabilities and may include a tag serial number, further
specified in the GS1 EPC Tag Data Standard
4 List of acronyms
For the purposes of this document, the following acronyms apply.
ATA Air Transport Association of America
BAP Battery assisted passive EN – European Standard
EASA European Union Aviation Safety Agency
EPC Electronic Product Code
ETO European Telecommunication Office
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
FCC Federal Communications Commissions
IC Integrated Circuit
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
ITF Interrogator-Talk-First
MRO Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturers
RF Radio Frequency
RFID Radio Frequency IDentification
RCTA Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics
SCD Specification Control Document or Drawing
TID Tag IDentifier
UHF Ultra-High Frequency
XTID eXtended Tag IDentifier
5 RFID tag presentation
The UHF RFID tag are generally made of:
— a microchip that includes the memory;
— a micro antenna to receive and transmit;
— an inlay that integrates the chip and its antenna;
— a packaging that protects the inlay.
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Antenna shall be unique to the specific type of tag and it shall receive RF waves, energize the integrated
circuit (IC) and then backscatter the modulated energy to the RFID antenna. The integrated circuit, also
called the chip, shall (ISO/IEC 18000-63 Type C):
— contain four memory banks;
— process information, send and receive information;
— use anti-collision protocols.
The four memory banks are the following, and are defined according to ISO 18000-6 and EPC Gen 2:
— EPC Memory Bank – The EPC memory bank stores the EPC code, or the Electronic Product Code;
— Reserved Memory Bank – The Reserved memory bank shall contain at least the access and lock
passwords which enable the tag memory to be locked by the user and require a password to view
or edit;
— TID Memory Bank – The TID memory bank contains at least the Tag Identifier that is a randomized,
unique number that is set by the chip manufacturer and cannot be changed. In order for the reader
to read this number instead of the EPC, the reader settings shall have to be changed to
accommodate;
— User Memory Bank – The User Memory Bank is mandatory and its size can vary. It can be used for
user-defined data about the item. This could be information like item type, last service date, or
serial number.
It shall be ensured that the format of the information written in this area is standardized in order to
avoid any decoding problem.
High-memory UHF tags affixed to certain parts of the aircraft parts should store each component
history throughout its life so as to enhance parts traceability and reduce cycle time to solve in-service.
The main variation between ICs is the number of bits in the respective memory.
Tags shall be available in various designs (sizes, form factors…), and they shall be customized for a
particular application.
Additional functions (like smart sensors included in RFID tags) are allowed in addition to the above
description, as long as they comply with all the other requirements of this document.
The bar code and human readable nameplate for the parts shall be available on the equipment, but not
necessary on the tag.
Refer to the Specification Control Document or Drawing (SCD).
6 Tag requirements
6.1 General requirements
The passive UHF RFID tag shall:
— be mounted on airborne equipment, with data relevant to the identification of this airborne part;
— communicate with an external system called “interrogator” which can be fixed or mobile.
This interrogation will be carried out:
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— in ground operation only, i.e. aircraft not-in-motion, where the intended interrogation of any
passive RFID device is not conducted while the aircraft is positioned on an active taxiway or
runway (NB: EASA policy on passive RFID devices: The passive RFID devices must be designed
to operate, on ground, in an aircraft operational environment with robust radio frequency
stability);
— close to engines or APU with powerplant stopped;
— in workshop or repair shop;
— be interoperable worldwide, whatever their manufacturer and the country’s regulations Work with
all type of interrogator functioning in UHF RFID frequency band and compatible with ISO 18000-63
(Reader, Smartphone/Tablet Reader, etc.) with full compatible ATA Spec 2000 specification
software;
— in order to ensure interoperability, only the standard BlockPermalock function shall be the allowed
method to lock the memory for Birth Record, Part History Record, Table of Contents, Header and
Record descriptor. In Addition to this requirement the chip shall need support the XTID format
with the “BlockPermalock Block Size” information which allows to retrieve the minimum size of the
lockable memory block when writing.
The goal of tag interoperability tests is to investigate issues of potential incompatibility that arise due to
the use of tags of various types from different manufacturers in application specific conditions.
Tests shall be performed according to the document referenced: Interoperability Test System for EPC
Compliant Class-1 Generation-2 UHF RFID Devices - Interoperability test methodology.
The passive UHF RFID system may use proprietary software or middleware for functionality out of
scope of ATA Spec 2000.
In addition, the tags shall be Reach and RoHS approved.
6.2 Functional requirements
The tag functional requirements are listed in Table 1 given hereafter.
Table 1 — Tag Functional requirements and test method
Characteristics Requirements Test methods
GS1 EPC global
minimum expected read range
1,5 m/4,5 m on metallic (metal-mount Tag Performance
a
tags) or non-metallic surfaces (non-metal Parameters and Test
Tag read range
mount tags) or composite surfaces for full Methods
EPC memory bank read
Version 1.1.3, § 8.1
Tests distance results shall be
GS1 EPC global
communicated. Minimum expected write
Tag Performance
range: 0,5 m/1,5 m on metallic (metal-
a
Parameters and Test
Writing range
mount tags) or non-metallic surfaces
Methods
(non-metal mount tags) for full EPC
Version 1.1.3, § 8.6
number write.
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Characteristics Requirements Test methods
GS1 EPC global
Tag Performance
Read/write operations can be carried out Parameters and Test
Operational temperature in a temperature range from −55 °C to Methods
+85 °C at ambient pressure.
Version 1.1.3, § 8.1 and 8.6 -
Tests performed at high and
low temperature
Class shall comply with Class 0 to 2 GS1 EPC global
EPC Class1 Gen 2 –
RF protocol fully passive design
ISO 8000-63
GS1 EPC global
Tag Performance
shall operate in the Frequency range:
Operating frequency Parameters and Test
860 MHz to 930 MHz
Methods
Version 1.1.3, § 8.3
shall comply with ATA Spec 2000 ATA Spec 2000 Chapter 9–5
Memory configuration
Chapter 9–5 and Annex 11 and Annex 11
RFID information and when possible or
requested, additional 2D Barcode and
Human Readable. The exterior or human
readable portion of the Integrated
Nameplate shall conform to the
regulatory requirements of 14 CFR
14 CFR Part 45
Minimum attributes Part 45. The human-readable markings of
ATA Spec 2000 Chapter 9–4
an integrated nameplate shall last the life
of the part. The part identification
information in the RFID tag/chip and
barcode shall be consistent with the
information of the human readable
format.
GS1 EPC global
Min 20 000 cycles at 25 °C. The write
Memory expected
mode set up this limit (according to the
Return from experience +
read/write cycles
chip specifications).
Analysis
GS1 EPC global
Tag Performance
Parameters and Test
The variation of sensitivity should be
Methods
Tag quality
within 4 dB (±2 dB) for any tag model.
Version 1.1.3, § 8.1
Variance measurement on
30 tags
a
Minimum read/write ranges should be attained with the RFID tag attached to the installed component on
an airborne equipment in the final configuration or a representative mock-up of the final airborne
equipment configuration.
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The conditions for carrying out the tests are referenced from §5 to §7 of the GS1 EPC global document.
The RFID tag performances shall be determined according to the following GS1 EPC global document:
Tag Performance Parameters and Test Methods Version 1.1.3, as this document is intended to serve the
industry by providing a systematic means for evaluating tags and ultimately optimizing performance in
the field.
This document contains performance metrics and means for testing these metrics for a Class-1 radio-
frequency identification (RFID) Tag compliant with the EPCglobal™ Class-1 Generation-2 UHF RFID
Protocol for Communications at 860 MHz – 960 MHz (the Protocol).
The performances shall be measured in the conditions of environment, test setups, and calibration of
said document.
The following tag performances shall be measured in order to enable comparisons of similar RFID tags
under rigid and consistent reference laboratory conditions.
Test shall be performed in the following conditions:
— static;
— stand-alone tag;
— on the following backplanes, depending on the use case of the tag:
— on conductive support: Aluminium AU4G: thickness between 3 mm to 5 mm, square plate of
300 mm × 300 mm and respecting a minimum distance of 100 mm between each of the edges
of the plate and the tag;
— on non-conductive support: Polymethyl methacrylate: thickness between 3 mm to 5 mm,
square plate of 300 mm × 300 mm and respecting a minimum distance of 100 mm between
each of the edges of the plate and the tag;
— on both supports, conductive and non-conductive.
6.3 Environmental requirements
The tags shall meet specified performance during and after exposure to any rational combination of
preliminary environmental conditions specified in Tables hereafter as per appropriate sections (where
applicable) of RTCA/DO-160 or equivalent EUROCAE, MIL standards or specific test method.
A summary of the applicable test procedures, per aircraft zone, with associated pass/fail criteria is
given in Table 2:
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Table 2 — Environmental Compliance Matrix
Pass/Fail
Requirements Zones Requirements Inspection and test method
Criteria
RTCA DO-160, Section 4,
I -55 °C to +85 °C
Category A1
Equipment Non-
RTCA DO-160, Section 4,
E -55 °C to +85 °C
Operating and
Category D2
Hig
...
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