CEN/TR 17554:2020
(Main)Ambient air - Application of EN 16909 for the determination of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) in PM10 and PMcoarse
Ambient air - Application of EN 16909 for the determination of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) in PM10 and PMcoarse
This document describes procedures to assess the applicability of the standard method EN 16909 (determination of OC and EC deposited on filters) to particle size fractions up to 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (50 % cut off).
Außenluft - Anwendung der EN 16909 zur Bestimmung von elementarem Kohlenstoff (EC) und organischem Kohlenstoff (OC) in PM10 und PMcoarse
Dieses Dokument beschreibt Verfahren zur Einschätzung der Anwendbarkeit des Standardverfahrens EN 16909 (Bestimmung von auf Filtern abgeschiedenen OC und EC) für Korngrößenfraktionen von bis zu 10 μm aerodynamischem Durchmesser (50 % Abscheidegrad).
Air ambiant - Application de la norme EN 16909 pour le dosage du carbone élémentaire (EC) et du carbone organique (OC) dans les fractions PM10 et PMgrossière
Le présent document décrit les modes opératoires permettant d’évaluer l’applicabilité de la méthode normalisée EN 16909 (dosage du carbone élémentaire et du carbone organique prélevés sur filtre) pour des fractions granulométriques de diamètre aérodynamique allant jusqu’à 10 μm (efficacité de coupure de 50 %).
Zunanji zrak - Uporaba standarda EN 16909 za določevanje elementarnega ogljika (EC) in organskega ogljika (OC) v frakcijah PM10 in grobih delcev
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2021
Zunanji zrak - Uporaba standarda EN 16909 za določevanje elementarnega ogljika
(EC) in organskega ogljika (OC) v frakcijah PM10 in grobih delcev
Ambient air - Application of EN 16909 for the determination of elemental carbon (EC)
and organic carbon (OC) in PM10 and PMcoarse
Außenluft - Anwendung der EN 16909 zur Bestimmung von elementarem Kohlenstoff
(EC) und organischem Kohlenstoff (OC) in PM10 und PMcoarse
Air ambiant - Mesurage (ou Détermination) du carbone élémentaire (CE) et du carbone
organique (OC) dans les fractions PM10 et grossières
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 17554:2020
ICS:
13.040.20 Kakovost okoljskega zraka Ambient atmospheres
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
CEN/TR 17554
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
November 2020
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 13.040.20
English Version
Ambient air - Application of EN 16909 for the
determination of elemental carbon (EC) and organic
carbon (OC) in PM10 and PMcoarse
Air ambiant - Application de la norme EN 16909 pour Außenluft - Anwendung der EN 16909 zur
le dosage du carbone élémentaire (EC) et du carbone Bestimmung von elementarem Kohlenstoff (EC) und
organique (OC) dans les fractions PM10 et PMgrossière organischem Kohlenstoff (OC) in PM10 und PMcoarse
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 9 November 2020. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
264.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 17554:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Symbols and abbreviations . 6
5 Principle . 6
6 Previous studies on interferences from inorganic components . 7
6.1 General . 7
6.2 Carbonate carbon . 7
6.3 Metal oxides . 8
6.4 Inorganic salts . 8
7 Information from the data obtained during the EN 16909 field validation campaigns . 9
8 Procedures for evaluating the applicability of EN 16909 to PM and PM . 14
10 coarse
8.1 General . 14
8.2 Materials, instruments and analysis . 15
8.3 Sampling . 15
8.4 Procedures. 15
8.4.1 General . 15
8.4.2 Comparison of OC and EC concentrations in different PM size fractions . 15
9 Assessment of the effect of coarse PM constituents on OC and EC determination . 16
9.1 Carbonate carbon . 16
9.2 Analytical artefacts in PM filter samples spiked with PM constituents that
2,5 coarse
contain no EC or OC . 16
9.2.1 Spiking material preparation . 16
9.2.2 Test sample preparation and measurements . 16
9.2.3 Test evaluation . 17
9.3 Analytical artefacts in PM filters spiked with known amounts of OC and/or EC . 17
coarse
9.3.1 Spiking material preparation . 17
9.3.2 Test sample preparation and measurements . 17
9.3.3 Test evaluation . 17
Annex A (informative) Details of PM and PM filters included in the laboratory
2,5 10
comparison exercise . 18
Annex B (informative) Estimation of the uncertainty of EC and OC . 19
coarse coarse
Bibliography . 20
European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 17554:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 264 “Air
quality”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
Introduction
The standard method EN 16909 provides guidance for the determination of organic carbon (OC) and
elemental carbon (EC) in airborne particulate matter deposited on filters. It has been developed following
the requirement for the EU member states to measure OC and EC in the PM size fraction (less than 2,5
2,5
μm in aerodynamic diameter) at background sites [5]. EN 16909 standard states: “The same analysis
method may also be used for smaller size fractions than PM . Any possible additional artefacts for larger
2,5
particles, e.g. pyrolysis or higher concentrations of carbonates, should be assessed.”
1 Scope
This document describes procedures to assess the applicability of the standard method EN 16909
(determination of OC and EC deposited on filters) to particle size fractions up to 10 µm in aerodynamic
diameter (50 % cut off).
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 16909, Ambient air - Measurement of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) collected on filters
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16909 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
3.1
PM
x
particulate matter suspended in air which is small enough to pass through a size-selective inlet with a
50 % efficiency cut-off at x µm aerodynamic diameter
[SOURCE: EN 12341:2014 [1], definition 3.1.14]
3.2
PM fraction
coarse
the PM fraction excluding the PM fraction
10 2,5
3.3
OC
x
organic carbon component of PM
x
3.4
EC
x
elemental carbon component of PM
x
3.5
PC
x
pyrolytic carbon component of PM
x
3.6
TC
x
Total carbon component of PMx
4 Symbols and abbreviations
TC total carbon
CC carbonate carbon
EC elemental carbon
OC organic carbon
OC organic carbon in spiked samples
sp
OC ambient organic carbon
am
EC elemental carbon in spiked samples
sp
EC ambient elemental carbon
am
OC organic carbon in spiked blank filters
sm
EC elemental carbon in spiked blank filters
sm
PC pyrolytic carbon as defined by the thermal-optical method
EBC equivalent black carbon measured by optical absorption at 658 nm within the OC-EC
analyser
CPM calculated PM mass concentration (PM calculated as PM – PM )
coarse coarse coarse 10 2,5
COC calculated OC mass concentration (OC calculated as OC – OC )
coarse coarse coarse 10 2,5
CEC calculated EC mass concentration (EC calculated as EC – EC )
coarse coarse coarse 10 2,5
CPC calculated PC mass concentration (PC calculated as PC – PC )
coarse coarse coarse 10 2,5
CTC calculated TC mass concentration (TC calculated as TC – TC )
coarse coarse coarse 10 2,5
EUSAAR2 thermal-optical analytical protocol for determining OC and EC, from EN 16909
5 Principle
The principle of these procedures is to compare the results of the analytical protocol described in
EN 16909, for the analysis of OC and EC deposited on filters in particulate matter, on samples containing
different amounts of coarse particles (aerodynamic diameter > 2,5 µm) or different amounts of species
that are predominantly in the PM fraction (e.g. sea salt, carbonates, silicates, metal oxides, primary
coarse
biogenic matter). These comparisons aim at determining the range of mass concentrations of possibly
interfering material(s) (or the range of PM mass concentration, as an indicator of those) for which
coarse
EN 16909 is applicable for the determination of OC and EC concentrations in PM or PM deposited
10 coarse
on filters.
Certain procedures in this document make use of ambient aerosol samples of different size fractions that
have been collected simultaneously. They are based on the simple principle that for any PM constituent
(including OC and EC), its concentration in PM shall be less than or equal to its concentration in PM ,
2,5 10
and its concentration in PM10 is equal to the sum of its concentrations in PM2,5 and PMcoarse (within
combined uncertainties).
Other procedures involve the spiking of loaded filters with well-characterized synthetic or natural
material. OC, EC or OC:EC mixtures can be spiked onto coarse PM filter sample aliquots (punches). The
applicability of EN 16909 is assessed on the recovery of OC and/or EC. Alternatively, species known to be
major constituents of PM but which contain no OC or EC (e. g. sea salt, carbonates, silicates, metal
coarse
oxides) can be spiked on PM ambient filter sample aliquots. In this case, the applicability of EN 16909
2,5
is assessed on the consistency of OC and EC loadings in the spiked and non-spiked aliquots.
A robust estimation of the measurement uncertainties is needed to make it possible to draw conclusions
from these tests.
Considering the diversity of the aerosol particle compositions (both in the coarse and the fine fraction),
the procedures listed in this document can rigorously only give “negative” results (i.e. a conclusion that
EN 16909 is not applicable above a certain level of interfering material). If none of these tests gave
negative results, it could only be stated that there is no evidence that EN 16909 cannot be applied for the
cases that have been tested.
6 Previous studies on interferences from inorganic components
6.1 General
The optically-determined split point between OC and EC in the analysis could be shifted by the presence
of coarse material. This will affect the determination of EC and OC only if the assumptions on PC and EC
absorption cross-sections become invalid, so that the optical correction for charring is inconsistent with
the EC and OC analysis in PM . Certain inorganic compounds might interfere with OC and EC
2,5
determination in this way. These include carbonate carbon, mineral oxides and salts [6]. Carbonates can
evolve during thermal-optical analysis and be detected as
...
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