CEN/TR 16389:2017
(Main)Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends with FAME - Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determination
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends with FAME - Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determination
This Technical Report explains the requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered paraffinic diesel from synthesis (XTL) or hydrotreatment (HVO) and of blends thereof with up to 7%(V/V) of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) according to European fuel specifications. It provides background information to judge the final text of the European Standard EN 15940 and gives guidance and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers and users of paraffinic automotive diesel.
Paraffinic diesel is a high quality, clean burning fuel with virtually no sulfur and aromatics. Paraffinic diesel fuel can be used in diesel engines, also to reduce regulated emissions. In order to have the greatest possible emissions reduction, a specific calibration may be necessary. Paraffinic diesel fuel can also offer a meaningful contribution to the target of increased non-crude derived and/or renewable content in transportation fuel pool.
For general diesel engine warranty, paraffinic automotive diesel fuel may need a validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines may still need to be done. The vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use.
NOTE 1 This document is directly related to the development of EN 15940 and will be updated once further publications take place.
NOTE 2 Paraffinic diesel is also used as a blending component in automotive diesel fuel. In that case, composition and properties of the final blends are defined by relevant fuel specification standards.
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, the term "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.
Kraftstoff für Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff und Kraftstoff-Mischungen - Hintergrund zu den erforderlichen Parametern, den entsprechenden Grenzwerten und deren Bestimmung
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazole paraffinique et consituent d'EMAG - Historique sur la définition des paramètres requis, de leurs limites et de leurs déterminations respectives
Goriva za motorna vozila - Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo in mešanice s FAME - Zahtevani parametri, njihove omejitve ter določevanje
To tehnično poročilo pojasnjuje zahteve in preskusne metode za parafinsko dizelsko gorivo iz sinteze (XTL) ali postopka s hidrogeniranjem (HVO) in za mešanice tega goriva s 7 % (V/V) metilnimi estri maščobnih kislin (FAME) v skladu z evropskimi specifikacijami za gorivo pri prodaji in dobavi. Zagotavlja dodatne informacije za oceno končnega besedila evropskega standarda EN 15940 ter smernice in pojasnila za proizvajalce, pripravljavce mešanic, trgovce in uporabnike parafinskega dizelskega goriva za motorna vozila.
Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo je zelo kakovostno gorivo s čistim izgorevanjem, ki je praktično brez žvepla in aromatskih spojin. Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo se lahko uporablja v dizelskim motorjih in za zmanjšanje predpisanih emisij. Za kar največje možno zmanjšanje emisij bo morda potrebno posebno umerjanje. Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo lahko tudi pomembno prispeva k cilju povečane količine nesurovih in/ali obnovljivih snovi v gorivu za vozni park.
Pri splošni garanciji za dizelski motor je za parafinsko dizelsko gorivo za avtomobile morda potrebno preveriti združljivost goriva z vozilom, kar je morda še vedno potrebno za nekatere obstoječe motorje. Pred uporabo se je treba posvetovati s proizvajalcem vozil.
OPOMBA 1 Ta dokument se neposredno navezuje na razvoj standarda EN 15940 in bo posodobljen, ko bodo na voljo nadaljnje objave.
OPOMBA 2 Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo se uporablja tudi kot komponenta za mešanje za dizelsko gorivo za motorna vozila. V tem primeru so sestava in lastnosti končnih mešanic določene z ustreznim standardom za specifikacijo goriva.
OPOMBA 3 Za namene tega dokumenta izraza »% (m/m)« in »% (V/V)« predstavljata masni delež (µ) oziroma prostornino (φ).
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16389:2012
*RULYD]DPRWRUQDYR]LOD3DUDILQVNRGL]HOVNRJRULYRLQPHãDQLFHV)$0(
=DKWHYDQLSDUDPHWULQMLKRYHRPHMLWYHWHUGRORþHYDQMH
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends with FAME - Background to the
parameters required and their respective limits and determination
Kraftstoff für Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff und Kraftstoff-Mischungen -
Hintergrund zu den erforderlichen Parametern, den entsprechenden Grenzwerten und
deren Bestimmung
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazole paraffinique et consituent d'EMAG - Historique
sur la définition des paramètres requis, de leurs limites et de leurs déterminations
respectives
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16389:2017
ICS:
75.160.20 7HNRþDJRULYD Liquid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
CEN/TR 16389
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
July 2017
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 75.160.20 Supersedes CEN/TR 16389:2012
English Version
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends with
FAME - Background to the parameters required and their
respective limits and determination
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazole paraffinique et Kraftstoff für Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer
consituent d'EMAG - Historique sur la définition des Dieselkraftstoff und Kraftstoff-Mischungen -
paramètres requis, de leurs limites et de leurs Hintergrund zu den erforderlichen Parametern, den
déterminations respectives entsprechenden Grenzwerten und deren Bestimmung
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 28 May 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 19.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16389:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Summary of the XTL-HVO taskforce work . 4
4 Record of the work to date. 5
4.1 Context . 5
4.2 Paraffinic diesel fuel and FAME blending Task Force . 7
4.3 Planning . 9
5 The paraffinic diesel fuel specification . 10
5.1 Parameters included . 10
5.2 Considerations on the parameters . 12
5.2.1 Cetane number . 12
5.2.2 Density . 17
5.2.3 Flash point . 19
5.2.4 Viscosity . 19
5.2.5 Distillation characteristics . 21
5.2.6 Lubricity . 24
5.2.7 Total aromatics content . 25
5.2.8 Sulfur content . 28
5.2.9 Contamination . 28
5.2.10 Copper strip corrosion . 29
5.2.11 Oxidation stability . 29
5.2.12 FAME . 32
5.2.13 Climate dependence . 33
5.2.14 Additives . 35
5.2.15 Sampling . 35
5.2.16 Pump marking . 35
5.2.17 Housekeeping guidance . 35
5.2.18 MMT . 35
5.3 Parameters considered and not included in the draft specification . 35
5.3.1 Poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and olefin content . 35
5.3.2 Elastomer compatibility . 36
5.3.3 Cetane index . 37
6 Acknowledgement . 37
Bibliography . 38
European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 16389:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous
and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the
secretariat of which is held by NEN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes CEN/TR 16389:2012.
This second version replaces the first edition, CEN/TR 16389:2012, which has been updated following
the revision of CEN/TS 15940 into a full European Standard. Discussions within CEN/TC 19 and the
results of two interlaboratory studies (ILS) initiated by NEN and the TF XTL/HVO and funded by the
European Commission have been included.
1 Scope
This Technical Report explains the requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered
paraffinic diesel as such from synthesis (XTL) or hydrotreatment (HVO) and of blends thereof with up
to 7%(V/V) of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) according to European fuel specifications. It provides
background information to judge the final text of the European Standard EN 15940 and gives guidance
and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers and users of paraffinic automotive diesel.
Paraffinic diesel is a high quality, clean burning fuel with virtually no sulfur and aromatics. Paraffinic
diesel fuel can be used in diesel engines, also to reduce regulated emissions. In order to have the
greatest possible emissions reduction, a specific calibration may be necessary. Paraffinic diesel fuel can
also offer a meaningful contribution to the target of increased non-crude derived and/or renewable
content in transportation fuel pool.
For general diesel engine warranty, paraffinic automotive diesel fuel may need a validation step to
confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines may still need to
be done. The vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use.
NOTE 1 This document is directly related to the development of EN 15940 and will be updated once further
publications take place.
NOTE 2 Paraffinic diesel is also used as a blending component in automotive diesel fuel. In that case,
composition and properties of the final blends are defined by relevant fuel specification standards.
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, the term “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass
fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 590, Automotive fuels — Diesel — Requirements and test methods
EN 14214, Liquid petroleum products — Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel engines and
heating applications — Requirements and test methods
EN 15940, Automotive fuels — Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment — Requirements
and test methods
3 Summary of the XTL-HVO taskforce work
Following the 68th CEN Technical Board meeting, CEN/TC 19 had been requested to check eventual and
existing conflicts between the scope of work as proposed for Workshop 61 on "Automotive fuels -
Blends of paraffinic diesel from synthesis (XTL) or hydrotreatment (HVO) and fatty acid methyl esters
(FAME) - Requirements and test methods". At a CEN/TC 19/WG 24 meeting on 30 November 2010, the
consensus was that there was a possible conflict between EN 590 and the Workshop 61. The advice to
both the proposers and CEN/TC 19 was to take upon the work on XTL/HVO. A TF under WG 24 was
established in order to address the matter and also to enable specific paraffinic diesel fuel and engine
experts to exchange information.
On 13 December 2010, the Workshop 61 proposers had a teleconference with the TC Chairman and
Secretary on the way forward for the agreed upon TF under WG 24. In the spirit of harmonization, they
thought it advisable that the already existing CWA 15940 should also be revised. That document had
been developed in 2007 – 2009 by a CEN Workshop 38 and was meant for dedicated fleet usage. In
2010, XTL products were already reaching the EU and certain fleets had expressed interest in purchases
on the basis of CWA 15940, therefore the CWA needed to stay in place until any revisions had been
completed.
Hence, a proposal to accept the idea of Workshop 61 as an active work under CEN/TC 19, followed by a
revision of CWA 15940 was balloted. At the plenary meeting of May 2011, CEN/TC 19 accepted the two
proposals for new work. In view of the time pressure, the paraffinic diesel - FAME blends needed to be
specified via a CEN/TS.
The work on the specifications was developed during a series of paraffinic diesel fuel and FAME blends
Task Force (TF XTL-HVO) meetings between 2011 and 2016, and is presented by means of this
Technical Report. The first deliverable from these discussions, CEN/TS 15940:2012 [1], comprised of a
set of properties and limit values to define an adequate quality of the paraffinic diesel fuel and
recommendations for precautions to be taken.
Discussion in the TF started with the task to handle only blends with FAME; CWA 15940 was to remain
for the short term as an assurance for the industry for a non-FAME containing product. This allowed
that the blending from 0 % to 7 % of FAME (as in EN 590) was copied. Because CWA 15940 allowed
limited FAME blending for lubricity, the TF concluded that distinguishing (for instance via classes)
between no FAME and up to 7 % FAME would be highly artificial. Therefore, a suggestion to CEN/TC 19
was made to draft the CEN/TS as a replacement of CWA 15940 and to use it for up to 7 % blending. This
proposal was accepted and the task force started their work accordingly.
However, CEN/TS 15940 still contained some pending issues. The work
...
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