CEN/TR 16389:2017

Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends with FAME - Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determination

This Technical Report explains the requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered paraffinic diesel from synthesis (XTL) or hydrotreatment (HVO) and of blends thereof with up to 7%(V/V) of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) according to European fuel specifications. It provides background information to judge the final text of the European Standard EN 15940 and gives guidance and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers and users of paraffinic automotive diesel.
Paraffinic diesel is a high quality, clean burning fuel with virtually no sulfur and aromatics. Paraffinic diesel fuel can be used in diesel engines, also to reduce regulated emissions. In order to have the greatest possible emissions reduction, a specific calibration may be necessary. Paraffinic diesel fuel can also offer a meaningful contribution to the target of increased non-crude derived and/or renewable content in transportation fuel pool.
For general diesel engine warranty, paraffinic automotive diesel fuel may need a validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines may still need to be done. The vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use.
NOTE 1   This document is directly related to the development of EN 15940 and will be updated once further publications take place.
NOTE 2   Paraffinic diesel is also used as a blending component in automotive diesel fuel. In that case, composition and properties of the final blends are defined by relevant fuel specification standards.
NOTE 3   For the purposes of this document, the term "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.

Kraftstoff für Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff und Kraftstoff-Mischungen - Hintergrund zu den erforderlichen Parametern, den entsprechenden Grenzwerten und deren Bestimmung

Carburants pour automobiles - Gazole paraffinique et consituent d'EMAG - Historique sur la définition des paramètres requis, de leurs limites et de leurs déterminations respectives

Goriva za motorna vozila - Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo in mešanice s FAME - Zahtevani parametri, njihove omejitve ter določevanje

To tehnično poročilo pojasnjuje zahteve in preskusne metode za parafinsko dizelsko gorivo iz sinteze (XTL) ali postopka s hidrogeniranjem (HVO) in za mešanice tega goriva s 7 % (V/V) metilnimi estri maščobnih kislin (FAME) v skladu z evropskimi specifikacijami za gorivo pri prodaji in dobavi. Zagotavlja dodatne informacije za oceno končnega besedila evropskega standarda EN 15940 ter smernice in pojasnila za proizvajalce, pripravljavce mešanic, trgovce in uporabnike parafinskega dizelskega goriva za motorna vozila.
Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo je zelo kakovostno gorivo s čistim izgorevanjem, ki je praktično brez žvepla in aromatskih spojin. Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo se lahko uporablja v dizelskim motorjih in za zmanjšanje predpisanih emisij. Za kar največje možno zmanjšanje emisij bo morda potrebno posebno umerjanje. Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo lahko tudi pomembno prispeva k cilju povečane količine nesurovih in/ali obnovljivih snovi v gorivu za vozni park.
Pri splošni garanciji za dizelski motor je za parafinsko dizelsko gorivo za avtomobile morda potrebno preveriti združljivost goriva z vozilom, kar je morda še vedno potrebno za nekatere obstoječe motorje. Pred uporabo se je treba posvetovati s proizvajalcem vozil.
OPOMBA 1 Ta dokument se neposredno navezuje na razvoj standarda EN 15940 in bo posodobljen, ko bodo na voljo nadaljnje objave.
OPOMBA 2 Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo se uporablja tudi kot komponenta za mešanje za dizelsko gorivo za motorna vozila. V tem primeru so sestava in lastnosti končnih mešanic določene z ustreznim standardom za specifikacijo goriva.
OPOMBA 3 Za namene tega dokumenta izraza »% (m/m)« in »% (V/V)« predstavljata masni delež (µ) oziroma prostornino (φ).

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 04-Jul-2017
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 19 - Petroleum products, lubricants and related products
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 19/WG 24 - Specification for automotive diesel
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 05-Jul-2017
• Due Date: 14-Feb-2018
• Completion Date: 05-Jul-2017
• Ref Project: SIST-TP CEN/TR 16389:2017 - Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends with FAME - Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determination

Relations

• Replaces: CEN/TR 16389:2012 - Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends - Background to the parameters required and their respective limits and determination
• Effective Date: 12-Jul-2017

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16389:2017
01-oktober-2017
1DGRPHãþD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16389:2012
*RULYD]DPRWRUQDYR]LOD3DUDILQVNRGL]HOVNRJRULYRLQPHãDQLFHV)$0(
=DKWHYDQLSDUDPHWULQMLKRYHRPHMLWYHWHUGRORþHYDQMH

Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends with FAME - Background to the

parameters required and their respective limits and determination

Kraftstoff für Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff und Kraftstoff-Mischungen -

Hintergrund zu den erforderlichen Parametern, den entsprechenden Grenzwerten und
deren Bestimmung

Carburants pour automobiles - Gazole paraffinique et consituent d'EMAG - Historique

sur la définition des paramètres requis, de leurs limites et de leurs déterminations

respectives
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16389:2017
ICS:
75.160.20 7HNRþDJRULYD Liquid fuels
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16389:2017 en

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16389:2017
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16389:2017
CEN/TR 16389
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
July 2017
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 75.160.20 Supersedes CEN/TR 16389:2012
English Version
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends with
FAME - Background to the parameters required and their
respective limits and determination

Carburants pour automobiles - Gazole paraffinique et Kraftstoff für Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer

consituent d'EMAG - Historique sur la définition des Dieselkraftstoff und Kraftstoff-Mischungen -

paramètres requis, de leurs limites et de leurs Hintergrund zu den erforderlichen Parametern, den

déterminations respectives entsprechenden Grenzwerten und deren Bestimmung

This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 28 May 2017. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 19.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,

Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,

Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16389:2017 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16389:2017
CEN/TR 16389:2017(E)
Contents Page

European foreword ....................................................................................................................................................... 3

1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 4

2 Normative references .................................................................................................................................... 4

3 Summary of the XTL-HVO taskforce work ............................................................................................. 4

4 Record of the work to date........................................................................................................................... 5

4.1 Context ................................................................................................................................................................ 5

4.2 Paraffinic diesel fuel and FAME blending Task Force ........................................................................ 7

4.3 Planning .............................................................................................................................................................. 9

5 The paraffinic diesel fuel specification ................................................................................................ 10

5.1 Parameters included ................................................................................................................................... 10

5.2 Considerations on the parameters ........................................................................................................ 12

5.2.1 Cetane number .............................................................................................................................................. 12

5.2.2 Density ............................................................................................................................................................. 17

5.2.3 Flash point ...................................................................................................................................................... 19

5.2.4 Viscosity ........................................................................................................................................................... 19

5.2.5 Distillation characteristics ....................................................................................................................... 21

5.2.6 Lubricity .......................................................................................................................................................... 24

5.2.7 Total aromatics content ............................................................................................................................. 25

5.2.8 Sulfur content ................................................................................................................................................ 28

5.2.9 Contamination ............................................................................................................................................... 28

5.2.10 Copper strip corrosion ............................................................................................................................... 29

5.2.11 Oxidation stability ....................................................................................................................................... 29

5.2.12 FAME ................................................................................................................................................................. 32

5.2.13 Climate dependence .................................................................................................................................... 33

5.2.14 Additives .......................................................................................................................................................... 35

5.2.15 Sampling .......................................................................................................................................................... 35

5.2.16 Pump marking ............................................................................................................................................... 35

5.2.17 Housekeeping guidance ............................................................................................................................. 35

5.2.18 MMT .................................................................................................................................................................. 35

5.3 Parameters considered and not included in the draft specification ......................................... 35

5.3.1 Poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and olefin content .................................................................... 35

5.3.2 Elastomer compatibility ............................................................................................................................ 36

5.3.3 Cetane index ................................................................................................................................................... 37

6 Acknowledgement ....................................................................................................................................... 37

Bibliography ................................................................................................................................................................. 38

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16389:2017
CEN/TR 16389:2017(E)
European foreword

This document (CEN/TR 16389:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous

and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the

secretariat of which is held by NEN.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of

patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes CEN/TR 16389:2012.

This second version replaces the first edition, CEN/TR 16389:2012, which has been updated following

the revision of CEN/TS 15940 into a full European Standard. Discussions within CEN/TC 19 and the

results of two interlaboratory studies (ILS) initiated by NEN and the TF XTL/HVO and funded by the

European Commission have been included.
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16389:2017
CEN/TR 16389:2017(E)
1 Scope

This Technical Report explains the requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered

paraffinic diesel as such from synthesis (XTL) or hydrotreatment (HVO) and of blends thereof with up

to 7%(V/V) of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) according to European fuel specifications. It provides

background information to judge the final text of the European Standard EN 15940 and gives guidance

and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers and users of paraffinic automotive diesel.

Paraffinic diesel is a high quality, clean burning fuel with virtually no sulfur and aromatics. Paraffinic

diesel fuel can be used in diesel engines, also to reduce regulated emissions. In order to have the

greatest possible emissions reduction, a specific calibration may be necessary. Paraffinic diesel fuel can

also offer a meaningful contribution to the target of increased non-crude derived and/or renewable

content in transportation fuel pool.

For general diesel engine warranty, paraffinic automotive diesel fuel may need a validation step to

confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines may still need to

be done. The vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use.

NOTE 1 This document is directly related to the development of EN 15940 and will be updated once further

publications take place.

NOTE 2 Paraffinic diesel is also used as a blending component in automotive diesel fuel. In that case,

composition and properties of the final blends are defined by relevant fuel specification standards.

NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, the term “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass

fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.
2 Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are

indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated

references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

EN 590, Automotive fuels — Diesel — Requirements and test methods

EN 14214, Liquid petroleum products — Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for use in diesel engines and

heating applications — Requirements and test methods

EN 15940, Automotive fuels — Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment — Requirements

and test methods
3 Summary of the XTL-HVO taskforce work

Following the 68th CEN Technical Board meeting, CEN/TC 19 had been requested to check eventual and

existing conflicts between the scope of work as proposed for Workshop 61 on "Automotive fuels -

Blends of paraffinic diesel from synthesis (XTL) or hydrotreatment (HVO) and fatty acid methyl esters

(FAME) - Requirements and test methods". At a CEN/TC 19/WG 24 meeting on 30 November 2010, the

consensus was that there was a possible conflict between EN 590 and the Workshop 61. The advice to

both the proposers and CEN/TC 19 was to take upon the work on XTL/HVO. A TF under WG 24 was

established in order to address the matter and also to enable specific paraffinic diesel fuel and engine

experts to exchange information.

On 13 December 2010, the Workshop 61 proposers had a teleconference with the TC Chairman and

Secretary on the way forward for the agreed upon TF under WG 24. In the spirit of harmonization, they

thought it advisable that the already existing CWA 15940 should also be revised. That document had

been developed in 2007 – 2009 by a CEN Workshop 38 and was meant for dedicated fleet usage. In

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16389:2017
CEN/TR 16389:2017(E)

2010, XTL products were already reaching the EU and certain fleets had expressed interest in purchases

on the basis of CWA 15940, therefore the CWA needed to stay in place until any revisions had been

completed.

Hence, a proposal to accept the idea of Workshop 61 as an active work under CEN/TC 19, followed by a

revision of CWA 15940 was balloted. At the plenary meeting of May 2011, CEN/TC 19 accepted the two

proposals for new work. In view of the time pressure, the paraffinic diesel - FAME blends needed to be

specified via a CEN/TS.

The work on the specifications was developed during a series of paraffinic diesel fuel and FAME blends

Task Force (TF XTL-HVO) meetings between 2011 and 2016, and is presented by means of this

Technical Report. The first deliverable from these discussions, CEN/TS 15940:2012 [1], comprised of a

set of properties and limit values to define an adequate quality of the paraffinic diesel fuel and

recommendations for precautions to be taken.

Discussion in the TF started with the task to handle only blends with FAME; CWA 15940 was to remain

for the short term as an assurance for the industry for a non-FAME containing product. This allowed

that the blending from 0 % to 7 % of FAME (as in EN 590) was copied. Because CWA 15940 allowed

limited FAME blending for lubricity, the TF concluded that distinguishing (for instance via classes)

between no FAME and up to 7 % FAME would be highly artificial. Therefore, a suggestion to CEN/TC 19

was made to draft the CEN/TS as a replacement of CWA 15940 and to use it for up to 7 % blending. This

proposal was accepted and the task force started their work accordingly.

However, CEN/TS 15940 still contained some pending issues. The work towards the TS specification

together with the first edition of CEN/TR 16389:2012 [2] provided the evidence that it was reasonable

to use the cited test methods within CEN/TS 15940:2012. The pros and cons of further required test

assessment work performed by the TF and CEN groups, plus the responses to the open comments after

the last ballot were discussed in April 2013 and the TF agreed to request for revision of the TS into a full

European Standard. The work towards EN 15940 has looked at the test methods in more detail to

confirm the applicability of the scope to paraffinic diesel fuel and to determine if their precision is

sufficient to support the limit values proposed.

Advice and support from both test method experts and other CEN Groups were sought where required.

For all standard test methods referenced in EN 15940, the applicability for paraffinic diesel fuels was

verified. For the methods to determine the cloud point, cold filter plugging point (CFPP), cetane number

and total aromatics content inter laboratory test programmes were carried out. That work has been

funded by the European Commission. The resulting precision limits for paraffinic diesel fuels for these

methods are laid down in Annex A of EN 15940. The necessary alternative test procedure for the total

aromatics content was laid down in a separate Annex to the standard. That procedure will be adopted

by CEN/TC 19/WG 9 in an existing test method standard.

In May 2016, CEN approved EN 15940. Initiated by comments made in the enquiry ballot, the TF

proposed to remove the limit on the application of the product to captive fleet usage. That led to some

technical updates, a.o. an A-deviation for a country that only allows EN 590 automotive diesel fuel

products on its public market, which could not be introduced in the formal vote. An amendment has

thus been initiated after EN 15940 had been published by CEN.
4 Record of the work to date
4.1 Context

From an environmental perspective, paraffinic diesel is a high quality, clean burning fuel with virtually

no sulfur and aromatics. Paraffinic diesel fuel can be used in existing diesel engines, substantially

reducing regulated and unregulated emissions. In order to have the greatest possible emissions

reduction, a specific calibration may be necessary. Paraffinic diesel fuel will also offer a meaningful

contribution to the target of increased non-petroleum/renewable content in transportation fuel pool.

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16389:2017
CEN/TR 16389:2017(E)

As some production processes result in a fuel containing cyclo-paraffins, as well as to n-paraffins and

iso paraffins, they show different cetane number compared to other paraffinic diesel fuels. Hence, two

classes, one of them showing improved ignition quality compared to regular automotive diesel fuel,

have been defined in EN 15940. Both classes are intended for use in dedicated diesel vehicles.

Worldwide, policy makers are increasingly keen to move away from petroleum-based fuels to more

diverse or renewable sources of energy for reasons of environmental protection, energy security and

continued economic development. Amongst the available solutions are the paraffinic diesel fuels (as

discussed in a CEN workshop WS 38, which led to the workshop specification CWA 15940). Typical

production processes, covered by that workshop, are:
1) Fischer Tropsch synthesis (XTL),
2) Hydrotreatment of vegetable oils (HVO), and
3) Conversion of olefins to distillates (COD).

The WS 38 activity in 2007 to 2009 covered the requirements and test methods for the B0 variants of

paraffinic diesel fuels (where B0 indicates no addition of FAME). However, against the background of

the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED, 2009/28/EC) [3] and also the EN 590 regular diesel

specification which allows B7 FAME blends, there is now a pressing requirement to allow for Bx

variations of those paraffinic diesel fuels, which are not already classified as being from renewable

resources.

Allowing a Bx variant of paraffinic diesel up to B7, in the same way that the EN 590 specification allows

for regular diesel up to B7, would have the following advantages:

a) it gives flexibility of supply within EU against the backdrop of both the Renewable Energy Directive

and the Fuels Quality Directive (2009/30/EC) [4], which demand total fuel supply contains certain

percentages of bio-components, to decrease fossil energy usage;

b) it brings a synthetic diesel CWA specification more in line with the EU regular diesel specification

EN 590.

The original intention of CEN/TC 19 was to redraft the CWA into a CEN Technical Specification for the

FAME blend up to 7 %, in alignment with EN 590. The aim of the TF was to keep the specification simple

and straightforward, allowing blends to be introduced in the market for dedicated vehicles or fleets.

The original idea was to ensure basic car functionality, for which the existing CWA succeeded. From the

beginning it was felt advantageous for the market to first draft a FAME blend specification and thus not

immediately replace the CWA. However, because technically one could not sufficiently distinguish the

two and any "no-FAME" guarantee could only be given in a purchase contract, it was decided to

continue on the path of replacing the CWA by a specification for paraffinic diesel fuel in general,

assuming it could be blended up to 7 % (V/V) of FAME.

The revision of the Technical Specification (TS) into a European Specification (EN) was again intended

for paraffinic diesel fuels where their main use is a diesel fuel in dedicated diesel vehicle fleets, e.g.

captive fleets. Such a scope guides the user to consult the vehicle manufacturer or manual on the

appropriateness of the fuel for the vehicle. However, in early 2015, WG 24 introduced a proscriptive

definition of the term “captive fleets” in order to cope with fuels which do not meet the FQD (EU Fuels

Quality Directive) requirements. As paraffinic diesel fuels meet the FQD and have had trouble-free

operation for a number of years, the TF thought this new definition of “captive fleets” – with the link to

the FQD and the requirement that continuous maintenance needed to be regarded - was inappropriate

as it would place too many restrictions on the use of a paraffinic diesel and/or FQD compliant fuel.

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16389:2017
CEN/TR 16389:2017(E)

Before deciding to remove the term “captive fleet” from EN 15940, the TF decided that a substitute

phrase was required to cover the original intentions, i.e. to ensure checks are made that the use of fuel

in a given application is valid. An appropriate phrase was adapted from the B10 specification. The scope

now contains the phrase “It is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engines and vehicles compatible with

paraffinic diesel fuel” together with the following note “The vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted

before use”.

This document is the report on the work to date carried out by the TF XTL-HVO towards establishing a

European Fuel Specification (EN) for paraffinic diesel fuel – FAME blends.
4.2 Paraffinic diesel fuel and FAME blending Task Force

CEN, requested CEN/TC 19/WG 24 to convene a task force and begin work on a draft paraffinic diesel

fuel and FAME blend standard. A call was made to the industries concerned for experts to participate in

the TF XTL-HVO. The experts that have contributed to the work during the years are listed in Table 1.

The task force has met on the following occasions:
1) 24 October 2010, Brussels, kick-off meeting WS 61
2) 6 May 2011, Brussels, Belgium
3) 7 June 2011, Brussels, Belgium
4) 21 July 2011, Paris, France
5) 7 September 2011, Brussels, Belgium
6) 7 November 2011, Brussels, Belgium
7) 12 July 2012, Espoo, Finland
8) 12 October 2012, Brussels Belgium
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16389:2017
CEN/TR 16389:2017(E)
Table 1 — Membership of the taskforce in 2011-2012
Name Organization Country
Andras Hollo MOL Hungary
Andreas Eklund EcoPar Sweden
Benoit Engelen Total Belgium
Gérald Crépeau PSA France
Jörg Ullmann Robert Bosch Germany
Jose Gomez-Martinech Cepsa Spain
Ludivine Pidol IFP France
Markku Kuronen Neste Oil Finland
Pascal Manuelli Total France
Piet Roets Sasol South-Africa
Richard Clark Shell United Kingdom
Róbert Auer MOL Hungary
Sören Eriksson Preem Sweden
Thierry Chapus IFP France
Thomas Wilharm ASG Analytik-Service Germany
Ulrich Nowak MB Holding UPEI
Wolfgang Dörmer BP Europe SE Global Fuels Technology Germany
Wolfgang Lueke Shell Germany

At the end of 2012, CEN/TC 19/WG 24 agreed to revise CEN/TS 15940 on the basis of a test plan

developed by the TF. By that time, Jörg Spanke took over from Wolfgang Lueke as TF leader. A call was

made to the industries concerned for possible new experts to participate in the TF XTL-HVO. The

experts that have contributed to the work during the last couple of years are listed in Table 2.

The renewed task force has met on the following occasions, apart from several intermediate web-

conferences:
9) 11 December 2012, Brussels, Belgium
10) 20 March 2013, Paris, France
11) 18 June 2013, London, UK
12) 13 May 2014, Brussels, Belgium
13) 25 March 2015, Hamburg, Germany
14) 21 April 2016, Brussels, Belgium
15) 6 October 2016, Hamburg, Germany
16) 21 February 2017, Oslo, Norway
---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16389:2017
CEN/TR 16389:2017(E)
Table 2 — Participants in the taskforce in 2013-2016
Name Company Country
Andreas Eklund EcoPar Sweden
Arthur Bell Sasol South-Africa
Charlotte Kehoe BP Europa SE Germany
Fabien Chainet IFPEN France
Gaëlle Jousset Total France
Gérald Crépeau PSA France
Jörg Spanke Shell Global Solutions Germany
Jörg Ullmann Robert Bosch Germany
Jose Gomez-Martinech Cepsa Spain
Jürgen Fischer DIN FAM Germany
Luca Baldini ENI Italy
Ludivine Pidol IFPEN France
Markku Kuronen Neste Finland
Ville Vauhkonen UPM Biorefining Finland
Pascal Manuelli Total France
Piet Koppen PAC Netherlands
Richard Clark Shell UK United Kingdom
Thierry Chapus IFPEN France
Thomas Wilharm ASG Analytik-Service Germany
Tom Feuerhelm DIN-FAM Germany
Ulrich Nowak MB Holding UPEI
4.3 Planning

The initial planning of the paraffinic diesel fuel specification was: CEN/TS enquiry text to be provided to

WG 24 in November 2011, enquiry ballot to start in February 2012, comments to be handled in July

2012 and the final text to be delivered to CEN/CMC in October 2012. For the full revision, a Round

Robin programme needed to be defined and results thereof were to be discussed with the relevant WGs

and even with ISO and ASTM groups. The following planning was made:

a) review of the actual draft specification by each of the two TFs within three months;

b) defining test methods' assessment plan by the TFs and subcontracting the work (month 6);

c) preparation of samples by a subcontracted party;

d) executing an analytical applicability check on the identified test methods by the TFs;

e) executing a full RR study on the identified test methods initiated by the subcontractor (month 12);

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16389:2017
CEN/TR 16389:2017(E)

f) incorporating the conclusions in and finalizing the draft standards by the TFs (month 18).

In the end, the RR work was done in two parts. First to check method applicability and precision for all

test method standards in the CEN/TS and another programme in order to establish a precise enough

test method to determine the 100 % paraffinic nature of the fuel. This resulted in a fairly longer

development process. The first RR had been concluded by May 2014. Its objective being to measure

total aromatics at a very low level. The enquiry ballot was initiated 25 September of that same year.

Details of the second RR were developed in parallel and that work was concluded in Fall 2015. All input

was written into the enquiry, respectively the formal vote ballot text and EN 15940 adopted in

April 2016.
5 The paraffinic diesel fuel specification
5.1 Parameters included

The original CWA had been established for dedicated vehicle use, although it was at that time felt that

there would be no need to exclude other uses as long as guarantee for the engine compatibility could be

given. The first scope of work given to the task force was to present a specification for captive fleets. At

the third meeting that limitation was accepted and it was suggested copying the captive fleet

description of the B30 TF. As it presented some further understanding difficulties towards the original

CWA scope, that was reformulated into: "This document specifies requirements and test methods for

marketed and delivered paraffinic diesel fuel blended with fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) up to a level

7 % (V/V), for use in diesel engine vehicles. Paraffinic diesel fuel originates from synthesis or

hydrotreatment processes."

All parameters discussed in this document are either based on the paraffinic nature of the XTL and HVO

and on the introduction of FAME complying with EN 14214 as a blending component (thus specific to

the Bx-blend specification).

The parameters chosen by the TF are those presented in Table 1 (general requirements) and in 5.7

(seasonal requirements) of CEN/TS 15940:2012. After the 4 meeting, all-but-two of the parameters

were agreed upon in full consensus, where the seizure and cavitation prevention needed further

clarification from outside the taskforce. All the test methods applicability had been checked within

CEN/TC 19 or are under improvement process (like EN 116) [5].
---------------------- Page: 12 ----------------------
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16389:2017
CEN/TR 16389:2017(E)
Table 3 — Test methods' assessment
Property Unit Test method Applicability Precision Assessment
not executed
available
Cetane number EN ISO 5165 [6] X X
EN 15195 [7] X X
prEN 16906:2015 [8] X X
Density at 15 °C kg/m EN ISO 3675 [9] X
EN ISO 12185 [10] X X
Flash point °C EN ISO 2719 [11] X
Viscosity at 40 °C mm /s EN ISO 3104 [12] X X
Distillation °C or EN ISO 3405 [13] X
% recovered
Lubricity, corrected wear µm EN ISO 12156-1 [14] X X
scar diameter (WSD 1,4)
at 60 °C
FAME content % (V/V) EN 14078 [15] X X X
Total aromatics content % (m/m) EN 12916 [16] X X
SS 155116 [17] X X
Sulfur content mg/kg EN ISO 20846 [18] X X
EN ISO 20884 [19] X X
Carbon residue % (m/m) EN ISO 10370 [20] X X
(on 10 % distillation
residue)
Ash content % (m/m) EN ISO 6245 [21] X
Water content mg/kg EN ISO 12937 [22] X
Total contamination mg/kg EN 12662 [23] X X
Copper strip corrosion rating EN ISO 2160 [24] X
(3 h at 50 °C)
...