EN ISO 19148:2012

Geographic information - Linear referencing (ISO 19148:2012)

ISO 19148:2012 specifies a conceptual schema for locations relative to a one-dimensional object as measurement along (and optionally offset from) that object. It defines a description of the data and operations required to use and support linear referencing.
ISO 19148:2012 is applicable to transportation, utilities, location-based services and other applications which define locations relative to linear objects.

Geoinformation - Lineares Bezugssystem (ISO 19148:2012)

Diese Internationale Norm legt ein konzeptuelles Schema für Orte in Bezug zu einem eindimensionalen
Objekt als Messung entlang (und optional versetzt zu) diesem Objekt fest. Sie definiert eine Beschreibung der
Daten und Operationen, die zur Anwendung und Unterstützung der linearen Referenzierung erforderlich sind.
Diese Internationale Norm ist anwendbar auf Transport- und Versorgungsdienste, ortsbezogene Dienste
sowie sonstige Anwendungen, die Orte in Bezug zu linearen Objekten definieren.

Information géographique - Référencement linéaire (ISO 19148:2012)

L'ISO 19148:2011 spécifie un schéma conceptuel pour les localisations par rapport à un objet à une seule dimension sous la forme d'un mesurage le long de cet objet (et éventuellement décalées par rapport à celui-ci). Elle définit une description des données et des opérations nécessaires pour utiliser et prendre en charge les référencements linéaires.
Elle est applicable aux transports, aux installations, aux services géolocalisés et aux autres applications qui définissent des localisations par rapport à des objets linéaires.

Geografske informacije - Linearno georeferenciranje (ISO 19148:2012)

Ta mednarodni standard določa zasnovno shemo za lokacije glede na enodimenzionalni predmet kot merjenje vzdolž (in neobvezno izravnano od) tega predmeta. Določa opis podatkov in operacij, potrebnih za uporabo in podporo linearnega georeferenciranja. Ta mednarodni standard se uporablja za prevoz, pomožna sredstva, lokacijsko odvisne storitve in druge aplikacije, ki določajo lokacije glede na linearne predmete.

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 14-Feb-2012
• Withdrawal Date: 27-Apr-2021
• ICS: 07.040 - Astronomy. Geodesy. Geography
• ICS: 35.240.70 - IT applications in science
• ICS: 35.240.80 - IT applications in health care technology
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 287 - Geographic Information
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 287 - Geographic Information
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Completion Date: 28-Apr-2021
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO 19148:2012 - Geographic information - Linear referencing (ISO 19148:2012)

Relations

• Replaced By: EN ISO 19148:2021 - Geographic information - Linear referencing (ISO 19148:2021)
• Effective Date: 05-May-2021

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2012
Geografske informacije - Linearno georeferenciranje (ISO 19148:2012)
Geographic information - Linear referencing (ISO 19148:2012)
Geoinformation - Standortbezogene Dienste - Lineares Bezugssystem (ISO 19148:2012)
Information géographique - Références linéaires (ISO 19148:2012)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 19148:2012
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN ISO 19148
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
February 2012
ICS 35.240.70
English Version
Geographic information - Linear referencing (ISO 19148:2012)
Information géographique - Référencement linéaire (ISO Geoinformation - Lineares Bezugssystem (ISO
19148:2012) 19148:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 21 January 2012.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 19148:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword .3

Foreword
This document (EN ISO 19148:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211 "Geographic
information/Geomatics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 287 “Geographic Information” the
secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by August 2012, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at
the latest by August 2012.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 19148:2012 has been approved by CEN as a EN ISO 19148:2012 without any modification.

INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19148
First edition
2012-02-15
Geographic information — Linear
referencing
Information géographique — Référencement linéaire

Reference number
ISO 19148:2012(E)
©
ISO 2012
ISO 19148:2012(E)
©  ISO 2012
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
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ii © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 19148:2012(E)
Contents Page
Foreword . iv
Introduction . v
1  Scope . 1
2  Conformance . 1
2.1  Conformance overview . 1
2.2  Conformance classes . 2
3  Normative references . 3
4  Terms and definitions . 3
5  Abbreviated terms . 6
6  Linear referencing . 6
6.1  Introduction . 6
6.2  Package: Linear Referencing System . 17
6.3  Package: Linear Referencing Towards Referent . 31
6.4  Package: Linear Referencing Offset . 33
6.5  Package: Linear Referencing Offset Vector . 39
6.6  Package: Linearly Located Event . 41
6.7  Package: Linear Segmentation . 47
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite . 52
Annex B (informative) Generalized model for linear referencing . 56
Annex C (informative) Commonly used linear referencing methods and models . 59
Annex D (informative) Event and segmentation examples . 79
Bibliography . 86

ISO 19148:2012(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies
(ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO
technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been
established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and
non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the
International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards
adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an
International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO 19148 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.

iv © ISO 2012 – All rights reserved

ISO 19148:2012(E)
Introduction
This International Standard is a description of the data and operations required to support linear referencing.
This includes Linear Referencing Systems, linearly located events and linear segments.
Linear Referencing Systems enable the specification of positions along linear objects. The approach is based
[3]
upon the Generalized Model for Linear Referencing first standardized within ISO 19133:2005, 6.6. This
International Standard extends that which was included in ISO 19133, both in functionality and explanation.
ISO 19109 supports features representing discrete objects with attributes having values which apply to the
entire feature. ISO 19123 allows the attribute value to vary, depending upon the location within a feature, but
does not support the assignment of attribute values to a single point or length along a linear feature. Linearly
located events provide the mechanism for specifying attribution of linear objects when the attribute value
varies along the length of a linear feature. A Linear Referencing System is used to specify where along the
linear object each attribute value applies. The same mechanism can be used to specify where along a linear
object another object is located, such as guardrail or a traffic accident.
It is common practice to segment a linear object having linearly located events, based upon one or more of its
attributes. The resultant linear segments are attributed with just the attributes used in the segmentation
process, insuring that the linear segments are homogeneous in value for these segmenting attributes.
This International Standard differs from ISO 19133:2005, 6.6 in the following areas.
a) All occurrences of Linear Reference Method and Linear Reference System have been changed to Linear
Referencing Method and Linear Referencing System, respectively.
b) LR_Element has been renamed LR_LinearElement and further defined as being a feature or geometry or
topology. These shall support the newly introduced interface ILinearElement, meaning that it is possible
to measure (linearly) along them.
c) The newly introduced ILinearElement interface includes operations for returning the default Linear
Referencing Method of the linear element and any of its length or weight attribute values. It also includes
operations for translating between Linear Referencing Methods and/or linear elements.
d) The types of Linear Referencing Methods have been formalized as a CodeList. Names of common Linear
Referencing Methods have been added as an informative annex.
e) An additional attribute, constraint[0.*], has been added to Linear Referencing Method to specify the
constraints imposed by the method, such as “only allows reference marker referents”. This is an
alternative to subtyping the methods that would force a too-structured approach, inconsistent with the
Generalized Model, and would be indeterminate due to the wide variety of Linear Referencing Methods
currently in use.
f) The Linear Referencing Method “project” operation has been renamed “lrPosition” and moved to the
ISpatial interface and a second, opposite, operation “point” has been added. Only LR_Curves realize this
interface since their spatial representation is requisite for the two operations, along with the
ILinearElement interface.
g) The LR_PositionExpression measure attribute has been extracted out into a Distance Expression along with
the optional referent and offset roles consistent with the original theoretical model. This allows for specifying
only an LR_DistanceExpression when the LR_LinearElement and LR_LinearReferencingMethod are
already known.
h) Reference Marker has been generalized to LR_Referent to enable support for other referent types such
as intersections, boundaries and landmarks. This type has been formalized as a CodeList.
ISO 19148:2012(E)
i) A second, optional (towards) Referent has been added in a new (optional) package, Linear Referencing
Towards Referent (LRTR), for those Linear Referencing Methods which allow this to disambiguate
measurement direction.
j) Lateral Offsets have been moved to a new (optional) package, Linear Referencing Offset (LRO).
Horizontal, vertical, and combined horizontal and vertical offsets are now supported. Offset referent has
been generalized to allow for feature instances as well as character strings.
k) Vector Offsets have been adopted from ISO 19141. They exist in a new (optional) package,
...