Rough-terrain trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 6: Application of EN ISO 13849-1 to slewing and non-slewing variable-reach rough-terrain truck

This Technical Report describes the risk assessment methodology followed to determine the Performance Level required (PLr), as defined in EN ISO 13849-1:2008, for specific safety related parts of control system (SRP/CS) of rough-terrain variable-reach trucks covered by prEN 1459-1, EN 1459-2 and EN 1459-3.
This Technical Report does not apply to SRP/CS that includes no electrical/electronic components.
NOTE   It is the intention of CEN TC150 WG2 to use the same methodology to develop future standards (e.g. further parts of EN 1459).

Chariots tout-terrain - Prescriptions de sécurité et vérification - Partie 6: Application de l'EN ISO 13849-1 aux chariots tout-terrain à portée variable rotatifs et non-rotatifs

Vozila za talni transport - Terenska vozila - Varnostne zahteve in preverjanje - 6. del: Uporaba EN ISO 13849-1 za terenska vozila z vrtljivim in nevrtljivim mehanizmom za dviganje s spremenljivim dosegom

To tehnično poročilo opisuje metodologijo za oceno tveganja, ki se uporablja za določitev zahtevane ravni delovanja (PLr), kot je določena v standardu EN ISO 13849-1:2008, za posebne z varnostjo povezane dele krmilnih sistemov (SRP/CS) vozil za talni transport z mehanizmom za dviganje s spremenljivim dosegom, ki jih zajemajo standardi prEN 1459-1, prEN 1459-2 in prEN 1459-3.
To tehnično poročilo se ne uporablja za z varnostjo povezane dele krmilnih sistemov, ki nimajo električnih/elektronskih sestavnih delov.
OPOMBA: Cilj CEN TC150 WG2 je uporabljati enake metode za razvoj prihodnjih standardov (npr. nadaljnji deli standarda EN 1459).

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
25-Aug-2015
Current Stage
6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
Start Date
26-Aug-2015
Due Date
16-Dec-2015
Completion Date
26-Aug-2015

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP CEN/TR 1459-6:2015
01-november-2015

Vozila za talni transport - Terenska vozila - Varnostne zahteve in preverjanje - 6.

del: Uporaba EN ISO 13849-1 za terenska vozila z vrtljivim in nevrtljivim
mehanizmom za dviganje s spremenljivim dosegom

Rough-terrain trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 6: Application of EN

ISO 13849-1 to slewing and non-slewing variable-reach rough-terrain truck
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 1459-6:2015
ICS:
53.060 Industrijski tovornjaki Industrial trucks
SIST-TP CEN/TR 1459-6:2015 en

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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SIST-TP CEN/TR 1459-6:2015
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SIST-TP CEN/TR 1459-6:2015
TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 1459-6
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
August 2015
ICS 53.060
English Version
Rough-terrain trucks - Safety requirements and verification –
Part 6: Application of EN ISO 13849-1 to slewing and non-
slewing variable-reach rough-terrain truck

This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 6 July 2015. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 150.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,

Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,

Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United

Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIO N
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 1459-6:2015 E

worldwide for CEN national Members.
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Contents Page

European foreword ............................................................................................................................................. 5

Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 6

1 Scope ...................................................................................................................................................... 7

2 Normative references ............................................................................................................................ 7

3 Terms and definitions ........................................................................................................................... 7

4 General .................................................................................................................................................... 8

5 Description of the procedure followed to determine PL for SRP/CS of trucks ............................11

6 Risk assessment methodology ..........................................................................................................11

7 Risk Assessment Process ..................................................................................................................12

7.1 Determination of Machine limits ........................................................................................................12

7.2 Hazard identification (5.4 annex B of EN ISO 12100) .......................................................................14

7.3 Risk evaluation.....................................................................................................................................15

8 Required performance level for SRP/CS of trucks ...........................................................................16

8.1 prEN 1459-1 ..........................................................................................................................................16

8.2 prEN 1459-2 ..........................................................................................................................................17

8.3 prEN 1459-3 ..........................................................................................................................................18

Annex A (informative) Hazard identification ...................................................................................................19

A.1 prEN 1459-1 ..........................................................................................................................................19

A.2 EN 1459-2 ..............................................................................................................................................26

A.3 EN 1459-3 ..............................................................................................................................................30

Annex B (informative) Numerical weighting of Risk Priority Number (RPN) ..............................................32

Annex C (informative) Risk priority number and corresponding performance level ...............................33

Annex D (informative) Comparison of risks prEN 1459-1 and EN 1459-2....................................................34

Annex E (informative) Risk Estimation and Evaluation ................................................................................38

E.1 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 1.1. to 1.7 Operator ..........................38

E.2 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 1.1. to 1.7 Co-worker .......................42

E.3 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 1.1. to 1.7 Bystander .......................45

E.4 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 2.1. to 2.8 Operator ..........................48

E.5 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 2.1. to 2.8 Co-worker .......................51

E.6 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 2.1. to 2.8 Bystander .......................54

E.7 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 3.1. to 3.5 Operator ..........................57

E.8 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 3.1. to 3.5 Co-worker .......................60

E.9 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 3.1. to 3.5 Bystander .......................63

E.10 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 3.6. to 3.9 Operator ..........................66

E.11 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 3.6. to 3.9 Co-worker .......................69

E.12 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 3.6. to 3.13 Bystander .....................72

E.13 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 3.10. to 3.13 Operator ......................76

E.14 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 3.10. to 3.13 Co-worker ...................79

E.15 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 4.1. to 4.3 Operator ..........................82

E.16 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 4.1. to 4.3 Co-worker .......................85

E.17 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 4.1. to 4.3 Bystander .......................88

E.18 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 4.4. to 4.9 Operator ..........................90

E.19 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 4.4. to 4.9 Co-worker .......................93

E.20 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 4.4. to 4.9 bystander ........................96

E.21 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 4.10. to 4.15 Operator ......................99

E.22 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 4.12. to 4.16 Co-worker .................102

E.23 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 4.12. Bystander ..............................105

E.24 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 6.1. to 6.5 Operator ........................107

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E.25 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 6.1. to 6.5 Co-worker ..................... 110

E.26 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 6.4. to 6.9 Bystander ..................... 113

E.27 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 6.6. to 6.10 Operator ..................... 116

E.28 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 6.6. to 6.10 Co-worker ................... 119

E.29 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 6.10. to 6.15 Bystander ................. 122

E.30 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 6.11. to 6.14 Operator ................... 125

E.31 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 6.11. to 6.14 Co-worker ................. 128

E.32 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 6.15. to 6.18 Operator ................... 131

E.33 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 6.15. to 6.18 Co-worker ................. 134

E.34 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 7.1. to 7.10 Operator ..................... 137

E.35 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 7.1. to 7.5 Co-worker ..................... 140

E.36 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 7.1. to 7.8 Bystander ..................... 143

E.37 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 7.6. to 7.10 Co-worker ................... 146

E.38 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 8.1. to 8.7 Operator ....................... 149

E.39 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 8.1. to 8.4 Co-worker ..................... 152

E.40 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 8.2. to 8.5 Bystander ..................... 155

E.41 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 8.8 to 8.12 Operator ...................... 158

E.42 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 8.5. to 8.8 Co-worker ..................... 161

E.43 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 8.9. to 8.12 Co-worker ................... 164

E.44 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 9.1. to 9.6 Co-worker ..................... 167

E.45 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 9.1. to 9.4 Bystander ..................... 170

E.46 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation 10.2 Operator .......................................... 173

E.47 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 10.1 to 10.2 Co-worker .................. 174

E.48 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation 10.2 Bystander ....................................... 177

E.49 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 18.1 to 18.4 Operator .................... 180

E.50 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 18.13 to 18.17 Co-worker .............. 183

E.51 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 18.13 to 18.21 Bystander .............. 186

E.52 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 18.4 to 18.8 Operator .................... 189

E.53 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 18.18 to 18.22 Co-worker .............. 192

E.54 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 18.9 to 18.12 Operator .................. 195

E.55 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 18.13 to 18.16 Operator ................ 198

E.56 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 19.1 to 19.4 Operator .................... 201

E.57 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 19.9 to 19.13 Co-worker ................ 204

E.58 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 19.10 to 19.13 Bystander .............. 207

E.59 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 19.5 to 19.16 Operator .................. 210

E.60 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 19.17 to 19.20 Operator ................ 213

E.61 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 20.1 to 20.5 Operator .................... 216

E.62 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 20.1 to 20.5 Co-worker .................. 219

E.63 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 20.1 to 20.5 Bystander .................. 222

E.64 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 20.6 to 20.10 Operator .................. 225

E.65 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 20.6 to 20.10 Co-worker ................ 228

E.66 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 20.6 to 20.10 Bystander ................ 231

E.67 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 20.11 to 20.15 Operator ................ 234

E.68 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 20.11 to 20.15 Co-worker .............. 237

E.69 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 20.11 to 20.15 Bystander .............. 240

E.70 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 21.1 to 21.5 Operator .................... 243

E.71 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 21.1 to 21.4 Co-worker .................. 246

E.72 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 21.1 to 21.3 Bystander .................. 249

E.73 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 21.6 to 21.9 Operator .................... 252

E.74 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 21.5 to 21.9 Co-worker .................. 255

E.75 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 21.4 to 21.6 Bystander .................. 258

E.76 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22a.1 to 22a.5 Operator ................ 261

E.77 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22a.1 to 22a.5 Co-worker .............. 264

E.78 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22a.1 to 22a.4 Bystander .............. 267

E.79 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22a.6 to 22a.10 Operator .............. 270

E.80 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22a.6 to 22a.10 Co-worker ............ 273

E.81 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22a.7 to 22a.10 Bystander ............ 276

E.82 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22b.1 to 22b.4 Operator ................ 279

E.83 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22b.1 to 22b.4 Co-worker ............. 282

E.84 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22b.7 to 22b.9 Bystander ............. 285

E.85 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22b.5 to 22b.8 Operator ................ 288

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E.86 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22b.5 to 22b.8 Co-worker..............291

E.87 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22b.10 to 22b.12 Bystander ..........294

E.88 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22b.9 to 22b.12 Operator ..............297

E.89 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22b.9 to 22b.13 Co-worker............300

E.90 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22b.13 to 22b.15 Operator ............303

E.91 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22b.14 to 22b.18 Co-worker .........306

E.92 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22b.16 to 22b.18 Operator ............309

E.93 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22c.1 to 22c.3 Operator.................312

E.94 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22c.1 to 22c.3 Co-worker ..............315

E.95 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22c.3 to 22c.4 Bystander ..............318

E.96 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22c.4 to 22c.6 Operator.................321

E.97 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22c.4 to 22c.6 Co-worker ..............324

E.98 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22d.1 to 22d.6 Operator ................327

E.99 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22d.1 to 22d.6 Co-worker..............330

E.100 Hazard Identification Risk Estimation and Evaluation from 22d.3 to 22d.4 Bystander ..............333

Bibliography ....................................................................................................................................................342

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European foreword

This document (CEN/TR 1459-6:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 150 “Industrial

Trucks - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent

rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

EN 1459 consists of the following parts, under the general title Rough-terrain trucks — Safety requirements

and verification:
— Part 1: Variable-reach trucks
— Part 2: Slewing variable-reach trucks
— Part 3: Interface between the variable-reach truck and the work platform

— Part 4: Additional requirements for variable reach trucks handling freely suspended loads

— Part 5: Additional requirements for attachments and attachment interface

— Part 6: Application of EN ISO 13849-1 to slewing and non-slewing variable-reach rough-terrain trucks

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Introduction

This Technical Report has been prepared to explain the rationale used to determine the minimum required

Performance Levels for rough terrain variable reach trucks as listed in EN 1459 series.

It is intended to provide solid basis to the Performance Level Required (PL ) required for the Safety Related

Part of Control System (SRP/CS) referred to in prEN 1459-1, EN 1459-2 and EN 1459-3. The PL have been

defined by using approaches from appropriate standards for safety of machinery and proven general

principles for design.

The methodology described in this Technical Report may be used by other Technical Committees to assess

the risk and determine PL for machines covered by other type C-standards.
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1 Scope

This Technical Report describes the risk assessment methodology followed to determine the

Performance Level required (PL), as defined in EN ISO 13849-1:2008, for specific safety related

parts of control system (SRP/CS) of rough-terrain variable-reach trucks covered by prEN 1459-1,

EN 1459-2 and EN 1459-3.

This Technical Report does not apply to SRP/CS that includes no electrical/electronic components.

NOTE It is the intention of CEN TC150 WG2 to use the same methodology to develop future standards (e.g.

further parts of EN 1459).
2 Normative references

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are

indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated

references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

prEN 1459-1:2015, Rough-terrain trucks — Safety requirements and verification — Part 1: Variable-

reach trucks

EN 1459-2:2015 Rough-terrain trucks — Safety requirements and verification — Part 2: Slewing

variable-reach trucks

EN 1459-3:2015 Rough-terrain trucks — Safety requirements and verification — Part 3: Interface

between the variable-reach truck and the work platform

EN ISO 12100:2010 Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and

risk reduction (ISO 12100:2010)

EN ISO 13849-1:2008 Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1:

General principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2006)

ISO/TR 14121-2:2012 Safety of machinery — Risk assessment — Part 2: Practical guidance and

examples of methods
3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100, prEN 1459-

1:2015, EN 1459-2:2015 and EN 1459-3:2015 and the following apply.
3.1
operator
competent person who controls the operation of the truck
3.2
co-worker

trained person who is working in the vicinity of the truck but not in control of the truck

3.3
by-stander

untrained person who is in the vicinity of the truck and not involved in the job site activity

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4 General

It is intended that this document be read in conjunction with the corresponding Parts -1, -2 and -3 of

this standard (EN 1459).

EN ISO 13849-1 applies to the safety related parts of control system including the design of software,

regardless of the type of technology and energy used (electrical, electronic, hydraulic, pneumatic,

mechanical, etc.), for all kinds of machinery.

For safety functions that comprise mechanical parts only, no specific performance level is necessary.

There are many control systems fitted to trucks but not all will be subject to the requirements of EN

ISO 13849-1.

EN ISO 13849-1 is relevant for cases where a risk assessment according to EN ISO 12100 has

initiated a risk reduction measure that relies on a safety-related control system. In those cases the

safety-related control system has to perform a safety function. The application of EN ISO 13849-1 is

restricted to those cases only (see figures 1 and 2).

Systems may be subject to specific requirements in other standards e.g ISO 6292 - Powered

industrial trucks and tractors — Brake performance and component strength.
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Interrelation with ISO 13849-1 in case risk
reduction/protective measures are
connected with the control system

The first time the question is asked, it is answered by the result of the initial risk assessment.

Figure 1 — Process flow chart
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Safety control system
Risk assessment in accordance
performance level selection
Determination of need to
with EN ISO 12100 (including
determined by risk assessment
meet EN ISO 13849
the elements below)
– Refer to Annex E
END
RISK
SEVE
is a
PROBABILITY OF
RITY
Funct
OCCORRUNCE of
related
ion
that harm
to the HARM
Exposure of
consid
person(s) to the
ered
that
Risk reduction
hazard
hazard
can
process for the
result
hazard:
The occurrence of
from
Does the
a hazardous event 1 by intrinsic
the
protective
design
YES
consid
measure
2 by safeguards
ered
selected
3 by information
The possibility of avoiding c
hazar
depend on a
for use (see ISO
or limiting the harm
control
12100-1:2003,
d
Figure 4)

Figure 2 — Abbreviated EN ISO 12100/EN ISO 13849-1 process drawing distinction between risk assessment and control system performance

selection
and
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5 Description of the procedure followed to determine PL for SRP/CS of
trucks

The first stage of meeting EN ISO 13849-1 is to take the risk assessment/risk reduction output from

following EN ISO 12100 and to check whether the protective measure selected depends on the

control system.

In order to perform the EN ISO 12100 assessment correctly for trucks with respect to EN ISO 13849-1

compliance, any existing control system which has been added / modified for achieving safety should

be disregarded at a first stage so that the risk they are addressing can be understood. This is

important to get the correct inputs if the system is later determined as SRP/CS and requires a PL to

be determined.
The following key stages were applied to determine PL for SRP/CS:

a) Identify which functions of the truck involve SRP/CS and identify the relevant clauses in the

standard. Determine control systems (mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical/electronic,

electro-mechanical, electro-hydraulic…) that are necessary for the truck to carry out its intended

function 8.2 and Annex A)

b) Determine the intended truck limits as per EN ISO 12100:2010 clause 5.3 (see 8.1)

c) Perform risk assessment in accordance with EN ISO 12100:2010 clauses 5.5 and 5.6 (see Annex

d) Take into account any risk reduction measures (intrinsic design and safeguards) and re-assess

the system to determine if the intended risk reduction has been achieved at this point any existing

control systems that are known to be used/added/modified for achieving safety should be

considered as a risk reduction measure. (see 8.3, Annex E and EN ISO 12100:2010 clause 5.6)

e) Determine if the protective measure selected is dependent upon a control system (and is

therefore SRP/CS). If it is not the process ends here.

f) If the protective measure is dependent upon a control system, use the information from the EN

ISO 12100 Risk Assessment to determine the EN ISO 13849-1 performance level that applies to

that system (this should consider that other non-control system risk reduction measures intended

to be fitted are in-place) (see Annex E)

NOTE The integrity of control systems which are not subject to EN ISO 13849-1 are to be ensured by

following sound engineering practice and by following relevant technical requirements and standards as

applicable. EN ISO 13849-1 imposes an extra burden to SRP/CS due to the nature and importance of these in

providing safety to exposed persons.
6 Risk assessment methodology

EN ISO 12100 does not define a risk assessment method but does define the elements to be

considered. Users of the above standard are free to choose a risk assessment method and ISO/TR

14121-2 provides practical guidance and examples. It should be noted that the informative “Risk

Graph” as presented in EN ISO 13849-1 is not a risk assessment tool that fulfils the needs of EN ISO

12100 as it does not include the important component of “probability of occurrence”. It also offers

limited selection of exposure, possibility of avoidance or limiting harm and severity as compared to

other documented risk graphs (see for example ISO/TR 14121-2, A.4).

The risk graph in EN ISO 13849-1 is a tool to determine a PL but is not a risk assessment method,

this tool was used to determine risks associated with a press and therefore its value is limited in

relation to mobile machinery. See 8.3 for risk evaluation of trucks.
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Document ISO/DTR 18670 Safety of machinery — How EN ISO 12100 relates to EN ISO 13849-1

gives more explanation on this point, for instance in clause 4.1 it’s written that:

“For the correct application of EN ISO 13849-1 basic input information resulting from the application of

the overall risk assessment and risk reduction process for the particular machine design is necessary.

Based on this input information the safety-related parts of the control system can be appropriately

designed according to EN ISO 13849-1. Information resulting from a detailed design of safety-related

parts of the control system relevant for its integration into the machine design has then to be

considered in the overall risk assessment and risk reduction process according to EN ISO 12100.”

“…Consequently all necessary input information for the selection of the PL (elements of risk values

for the considered hazardous situation) are available from the overall risk assessment and risk

reduction process according to EN ISO 12100.

Therefore a separate risk assessment for the application of EN ISO 13849-1 is not necessary. The

graph given in EN ISO 13849-1:2006, Figure A.1 is used only to select the PL for safety functions

and is not intended to be used as a risk estimation method for the overall machine according to EN

ISO 12100.”

The risk evaluation used for trucks is based on the Kinney method machinery safety

7 Risk Assessment Process
7.1 Determination of Machine limits

The following limits of use for the trucks is determined first in accordance with ISO 14121 to assist

with the risk assessment.
a) Intended use:
 Starting
 Driving
 Load handling
 User stabilizers
 Operation (right side window breakage)
 Maintenance
 Lifting of persons (only EN 1459-3)
b) Foreseeable misuse:
 Overriding of LLMC-LLMI and other safety devices (not emergency situation)
 Use of stabilizers to displace the machine
 Improper use of forks and other attachments

1) Fine, W.T. 1971. Mathematical Evaluation for controlling Hazards, Journal of Safety Research.

Kinney, G & Wiruth A. 1976, Practical Risk Analysis for Safety management
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 Overload of the platform (only EN 1459-3)
 Overriding of controls i
...

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