EN 14938-2:2010

Copper and copper alloys - Determination of bismuth content - Part 2: Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS)

This European Standard specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination of the bismuth content of copper and copper alloys in the form of unwrought, wrought and cast products.
The method is applicable to products having bismuth mass fractions between 0,01 % and 0,25 %.

Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Bestimmung des Bismutgehaltes - Teil 2: Flammenatomabsorptionsspektrometrisches Verfahren (FAAS)

Diese Europäische Norm legt ein flammen¬atom¬absorptions¬spektro¬metrisches Verfahren (FAAS) für die Bestimmung des Bismutgehaltes in Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen fest, die als Gussstücke oder als plastisch oder nicht plastisch geformte Produkte vorliegen.
Das Verfahren ist geeignet für Produkte mit Bismut Massenanteilen zwischen 0,01 % und 0,25 %.

Cuivre et alliages de cuivre - Détermination du bismuth - Partie 2: Méthode par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique dans la flamme (SAAF)

La présente Norme européenne spécifie une méthode par spectrométrie d’absorption atomique dans la
flamme (SAAF) pour la détermination du bismuth dans le cuivre et les alliages de cuivre, sous forme de
produits non corroyés, corroyés et moulés.
La méthode est applicable aux produits ayant des teneurs (fractions en masse) en bismuth comprises
entre 0,01 % et 0,25 %.

Baker in bakrove zlitine - Določevanje bizmuta - 2. del: Metoda s plamensko atomsko absorpcijsko spektrometrijo (FAAS)

Ta evropski standard določa metodo z uporabo spektrometrije s plamensko atomsko absorpcijo (FAAS) za določevanje bizmuta v bakru in bakrovih zlitinah v obliki negnetenih, gnetenih in ulitih polizdelkov. Metoda velja za polizdelke z masnim deležem svinca med 0,01 % in 0,25 %.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 20-Jul-2010
• ICS: 77.120.30 - Copper and copper alloys
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 133 - Copper and copper alloys
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 133/WG 10 - Methods of analysis
• Current Stage: 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 19-Nov-2020
• Completion Date: 26-Nov-2025
• Ref Project: SIST EN 14938-2:2010 - Copper and copper alloys - Determination of bismuth content - Part 2: Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS)

Relations

• Replaces: CEN/TS 14938-2:2006 - Copper and copper alloys - Determination of bismuth content - Part 2: FAAS method
• Effective Date: 24-Jul-2010

Overview

EN 14938-2:2010 is a European Standard developed by CEN that defines the flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for accurately determining the bismuth content in copper and copper alloys. Applicable to unwrought, wrought, and cast products, this standard covers bismuth mass fractions ranging from 0.01% to 0.25%. It offers a robust and precise analytical procedure essential for quality control and material certification across the copper manufacturing and metallurgical industries.

Key Topics

• Scope and Applicability
  Specifies the use of FAAS for measuring bismuth concentrations in copper-based materials, including alloys in various forms.

• Sampling and Sample Preparation
  Sampling adheres to ISO 1811 parts 1 and 2, ensuring representative testing material is collected as fine drillings, chips, or millings with thickness ≤ 0.5 mm.

• Analytical Principle
  Dissolution of the sample in hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and hydrogen peroxide, followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometric analysis targeting the bismuth absorption line at 223.1 nm.

• Reagents and Calibration
  Utilizes high-purity acids and standard bismuth solutions to prepare calibration curves that match chemical composition and copper content of test solutions to counteract matrix effects.

• Precision and Accuracy
  Validated through interlaboratory tests, showing strong reproducibility and repeatability consistent with ISO 5725 standards, confirming the method's reliability.

• Reporting Requirements
  Details mandatory documentation including sample identification, method reference, test results, deviations, and responsible signatures.

Applications

• Quality Control in Copper Alloy Production
  Helps manufacturers verify bismuth levels to meet product specifications and regulatory limits.

• Metallurgical Analysis and Research
  Supports precise elemental characterization and alloy development by accurately quantifying bismuth content.

• Regulatory Compliance
  Ensures copper products meet European and international standards regarding elemental composition for safety and performance.

• Failure Analysis and Forensics
  Facilitates root cause investigations where bismuth content might influence material behavior or failure modes.

Related Standards

• EN 14938-1: Copper and copper alloys - Determination of bismuth content - Part 1: Spectrophotometric method
  Complements EN 14938-2 by providing an alternative method focused on spectrophotometry.

• ISO 1811-1 & ISO 1811-2: Sampling of copper and copper alloys
  Standards governing the selection and preparation of samples for chemical analysis.

• ISO 5725 series: Precision of measurement methods
  Defines general principles and statistical methods for evaluating accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of standardized tests.

Practical Value and Benefits

• High Sensitivity and Specificity
  FAAS provides precise quantification of low bismuth concentrations in complex copper matrices.

• Consistent Calibration Techniques
  Incorporation of copper base solutions in calibration compensates for potential interference effects, improving measurement accuracy.

• Standardized Procedure
  A clear step-by-step method facilitates uniform testing across different laboratories and organizations.

• Supports Industry Needs
  Helps industries maintain product integrity and develop materials with controlled elemental compositions.

• Comprehensive Method Validation
  Backed by collaborative studies across multiple laboratories, ensuring confidence in test results.

By adopting EN 14938-2:2010, laboratories and manufacturers gain a standardized, reliable tool for metal alloy analysis, ensuring consistent product quality and compliance with European market requirements. This method contributes significantly to the fields of materials science, metallurgical testing, and quality assurance in copper-related industries.

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Bestimmung des Bismuthgehaltes - Teil 2: Flammenatomabsorptionsspektrometrisches Verfahren (FAAS)Cuivre et alliages de cuivre - Dosage du bismuth - Partie 2: Méthode par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique dans la flamme (SAAF)Copper and copper alloys - Determination of bismuth content - Part 2: Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS)77.120.30Baker in bakrove zlitineCopper and copper alloysICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14938-2:2010SIST EN 14938-2:2010en,de01-oktober-2010SIST EN 14938-2:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 14938-2:20061DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14938-2
July 2010 ICS 77.120.30 Supersedes CEN/TS 14938-2:2006English Version
Copper and copper alloys - Determination of bismuth content - Part 2: Flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) Cuivre et alliages de cuivre - Détermination du bismuth - Partie 2: Méthode par spectrométrie d'absorption atomique dans la flamme (SAAF)
Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen - Bestimmung des Bismutgehaltes - Teil 2: Flammenatomabsorptionsspektrometrisches Verfahren (FAAS) This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 June 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14938-2:2010: ESIST EN 14938-2:2010

Contents Page Foreword . 31Scope . 42Normative references . 43Principle . 44Reagents . 45Apparatus . 56Sampling . 57Procedure . 58Expression of results . 89Precision . 910Test report . 9Bibliography . 11
3 Foreword This document (EN 14938-2:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 133 “Copper and copper alloys”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN. This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by January 2011. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. This document supersedes CEN/TS 14938-2:2006. Within its programme of work, Technical Committee CEN/TC 133 requested CEN/TC 133/WG 10 "Methods of analysis" to prepare the revision of the following document: CEN/TS 14938-2:2006, Copper and copper alloys — Determination of bismuth content — Part 2: FAAS method In comparison with the first edition of CEN/TS 14938-2:2006, the following significant technical changes were made:  Revision from a Technical Specification to a European Standard;  Subclause 7.4.1.1 - text added;  Clause 9 Precision - completely revised. This is one of two parts of the standard for the determination of bismuth content in copper and copper alloys. The other part is: EN 14938-1, Copper and copper alloys — Determination of bismuth content — Part 1: Spectrophotometric method Part 1 will be the subject of future work. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following coun-tries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxem-bourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
1 Scope This European Standard specifies a flame atomic absorption spectrometric method (FAAS) for the determination of the bismuth content of copper and copper alloys in the form of unwrought, wrought and cast products. The method is applicable to products having bismuth mass fractions between 0,01 % and 0,25 %. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 1811-1, Copper and copper alloys — Selection and preparation of samples for chemical analysis — Part 1: Sampling of cast unwrought products ISO 1811-2, Copper and copper alloys — Selection and preparation of samples for chemical analysis — Part 2: Sampling of wrought products and castings 3 Principle Dissolution of a test portion in a mixture of hydrochloric acid/hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid solutions followed, after suitable dilution, by aspiration into an air/acetylene flame of an atomic absorption spectrometer. Measurement of the absorption of the 223,1 nm line emitted by a bismuth hollow-cathode or electrodeless discharge lamp. 4 Reagents During the analysis, use only reagents of recognized analytical grade and only distilled water or water of equivalent purity. 4.1 Hydrochloric acid, HCl (ρ = 1,19 g/ml) 4.2 Nitric acid, HNO3 (ρ = 1,40 g/ml) 4.3 Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 30 % (mass fraction) solution 4.4 Bismuth stock solution, 1,0 g/l Bi Weigh (0,25 ± 0,001) g of bismuth (Bi ≥ 99,999 9 %) and transfer it into a 250 ml beaker. Add 50 ml of nitric acid (4.2) and cover with a watch glass. Heat gently until the bismuth is dissolved and then bring to the boiling point until the nitrous fumes have been expelled. Cool to room temperature and transfer the solution quantitatively into a 250 ml one-mark volumetric flask, dilute to the mark with water and mix well. 1 ml of this solution contains 1,0 mg of Bi. 4.5 Bismuth standard solution, 0,1 g/l Bi Transfer 25,0 ml of the bismuth stock solution (4.4) into a 250 ml one-mark volumetric flask. Dilute to the mark with water and mix well. Prepare this solution immediately prior to use. 1 ml of this solution contains 0,1 mg of Bi. SIST EN 14938-2:2010

4.6 Copper base solution, 20 g/l Cu Into a 600 ml tall beaker weigh 10,0 g of bismuth-free copper (Bi ≤ 0,005 %). Add 50 ml of distilled water and, in small portions, 50 ml of nitric acid (4.2). Cover and heat gently until the copper is completely dissolved, then con-tinue heating to the boiling point. Cool to room temperature. Wash the beaker cover and the sides of the beaker with water. Transfer the solution quantitatively into a 500 ml one-mark volumetric flask, dilute to the mark with water and mix well. 5 Apparatus 5.1 Atomic absorption spectrometer, fitted with an air/acetylene burner. 5.2 Bismuth hollow-cathode or electrodeless discharge lamp. 6 Sampling Sampling shall be carried out in accordance with ISO 1811-1 or ISO 1811-2, as appropriate. Test samples shall be in the form of fine drillings, chips or millings with a maximum thickness of 0,5 mm. 7 Procedure 7.1 Preparation of the test portion solution 7.1.1 Test portion Weigh (1 ± 0,001) g of the
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