EN ISO 22232-1:2020
(Main)Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 1: Instruments (ISO 22232-1:2020)
Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 1: Instruments (ISO 22232-1:2020)
This document specifies methods and acceptance criteria within the frequency range of 0,5 MHz to 15 MHz, for assessing the electrical performance of digital ultrasonic instruments for pulse operation using A-scan display, for manual ultrasonic non-destructive testing with single- or dual-transducer probes. This document is also applicable for multi-channel instruments. This document can partly be applicable to ultrasonic instruments in automated systems, but other tests can be needed to ensure satisfactory performance.
This document excludes ultrasonic instruments for continuous waves.
This document also excludes ultrasonic phased array instruments, see e.g. ISO 18563-1. If a phased array instrument has dedicated connectors for single- or dual-transducer probes this document is applicable for these channels.
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Charakterisierung und Verifizierung der Ultraschall-Prüfausrüstung - Teil 1: Prüfgeräte (ISO 22232-1:2020)
Dieses Dokument legt Verfahren und Zulässigkeitskriterien im Frequenzbereich von 0,5 MHz bis 15 MHz fest, mit denen die elektrische Leistungsfähigkeit von digitalen Ultraschallgeräten für Impulsbetrieb mit A Bild Darstellung, für die manuelle zerstörungsfreie Ultraschallprüfung mit Einzelschwinger Prüfköpfen oder Prüfköpfen mit getrennten Wandlern bewertet wird. Dieses Dokument gilt auch für Mehr¬kanal Prüfgeräte. Teile dieses Dokuments können für Ultraschallgeräte in automatisierten Prüfanlagen herangezogen werden, wobei jedoch weitere Prüfungen erforderlich sein können, um eine zufriedenstellende Leistung sicherzustellen.
Dieses Dokument schließt Ultraschallgeräte für Dauerschall aus.
Dieses Dokument schließt ebenfalls Ultraschallgeräte mit phasengesteuerten Arrays aus, siehe z. B. ISO 18563 1. Wenn ein Prüfgerät mit phasengesteuerten Arrays über fest zugeordnete Anschlüsse für Einzelschwinger Prüfköpfe oder Prüfköpfe mit getrennten Wandlern verfügt, ist dieses Dokument für diese Kanäle anwendbar.
Essais non destructifs - Caractérisation et vérification de l'appareillage de contrôle par ultrasons - Partie 1: Appareils (ISO 22232-1:2020)
Le présent document spécifie les méthodes et les critères d'acceptation dans une gamme de fréquences de 0,5 MHz à 15 MHz permettant d'évaluer les performances électriques des appareils numériques de contrôle par ultrasons à impulsions utilisant une représentation de type A, pour effectuer des contrôles non destructifs manuels par ultrasons avec des traducteurs à transducteur simple ou à émetteur et récepteur séparés. Le présent document s'applique également aux appareils multivoies. Le présent document peut en partie s'appliquer aux appareils de contrôle par ultrasons utilisés dans les systèmes automatisés, mais d'autres essais peuvent alors être nécessaires afin de garantir des performances satisfaisantes.
Le présent document exclut les appareils de contrôle par ultrasons à ondes continues.
Le présent document exclut également les appareils de contrôle par ultrasons en multiéléments; voir, par exemple, l'ISO 18563‑1. Si un appareil à ultrasons en multiéléments est équipé de connecteurs dédiés à des traducteurs à transducteur simple ou à émetteur et récepteur séparés, le présent document s'applique à ces voies.
Neporušitvene preiskave - Ugotavljanje značilnosti in overjanje naprav za ultrazvočno preskušanje - 1. del: Aparati (ISO 22232-1:2020)
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2020
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 12668-1:2011
Neporušitvene preiskave - Ugotavljanje značilnosti in overjanje naprav za
ultrazvočno preskušanje - 1. del: Aparati (ISO 22232-1:2020)
Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification of ultrasonic test equipment -
Part 1: Instruments (ISO 22232-1:2020)
Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Charakterisierung und Verifizierung der Ultraschall-
Prüfausrüstung - Teil 1: Prüfgeräte (ISO 22232-1:2020)
Essais non destructifs - Caractérisation et vérification de l'appareillage de contrôle par
ultrasons - Partie 1: Appareils (ISO 22232-1:2020)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 22232-1:2020
ICS:
19.100 Neporušitveno preskušanje Non-destructive testing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN ISO 22232-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2020
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 19.100 Supersedes EN 12668-1:2010
English Version
Non-destructive testing - Characterization and verification
of ultrasonic test equipment - Part 1: Instruments (ISO
22232-1:2020)
Essais non destructifs - Caractérisation et vérification Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung - Charakterisierung und
de l'appareillage de contrôle par ultrasons - Partie 1: Verifizierung der Ultraschall-Prüfausrüstung - Teil 1:
Appareils (ISO 22232-1:2020) Prüfgeräte (ISO 22232-1:2020)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 July 2020.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2020 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 22232-1:2020 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
European foreword
This document (EN ISO 22232-1:2020) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135 "Non-
destructive testing" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 138 “Non-destructive testing”
the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2021, and conflicting national standards
shall be withdrawn at the latest by February 2021.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12668-1:2010.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland,
Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of
North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the
United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 22232-1:2020 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 22232-1:2020 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 22232-1
First edition
2020-07
Non-destructive testing —
Characterization and verification of
ultrasonic test equipment —
Part 1:
Instruments
Essais non destructifs — Caractérisation et vérification de
l'appareillage de contrôle par ultrasons —
Partie 1: Appareils
Reference number
ISO 22232-1:2020(E)
©
ISO 2020
ISO 22232-1:2020(E)
© ISO 2020
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
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CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 22232-1:2020(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .v
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Symbols . 3
5 General requirements of conformity . 4
6 Manufacturer’s technical specification for ultrasonic instruments .4
7 Performance requirements for ultrasonic instruments . 7
8 Group 1 tests . 9
8.1 Equipment required for group 1 tests . 9
8.2 Battery operational time . 9
8.2.1 Procedure . 9
8.2.2 Acceptance criterion .10
8.3 Stability after warm-up time .10
8.3.1 Procedure .10
8.3.2 Acceptance criteria .10
8.4 Stability against temperature .10
8.4.1 Procedure .10
8.4.2 Acceptance criterion .12
8.5 Stability against voltage variation .12
8.5.1 Procedure .12
8.5.2 Acceptance criterion .13
8.6 Time base deviation .13
8.6.1 Procedure .13
8.6.2 Acceptance criterion .15
8.7 Transmitter pulse parameters .15
8.7.1 General.15
8.7.2 Pulse repetition frequency .15
8.7.3 Effective output impedance .15
8.8 Receiver .16
8.8.1 General.16
8.8.2 Cross talk from transmitter to receiver during transmission .16
8.8.3 Dead time after transmitter pulse .17
8.8.4 Dynamic range and maximum input voltage.19
8.8.5 Receiver input impedance .20
8.8.6 Time-corrected gain (TCG) .21
8.9 Gates .22
8.9.1 General.22
8.9.2 Gates with value output .23
8.9.3 Gates with analogue output.25
8.9.4 Gates with alarm output .27
8.10 Highest digitized frequency .28
8.10.1 Procedure .28
8.10.2 Acceptance criterion .29
8.11 Response time of digital ultrasonic instruments .29
8.11.1 General.29
8.11.2 Procedure .29
8.11.3 Acceptance criterion .30
9 Group 2 tests .30
9.1 Equipment required for group 2 tests .30
9.2 Physical state and external aspects .31
ISO 22232-1:2020(E)
9.2.1 Procedure .31
9.2.2 Acceptance criterion .31
9.3 Transmitter voltage, pulse rise time and duration .31
9.3.1 Procedure .31
9.3.2 Acceptance criteria .34
9.4 Receiver .34
9.4.1 General.34
9.4.2 Frequency response .34
9.4.3 Noise level .36
9.4.4 Gain linearity .37
9.4.5 Vertical display linearity .37
Annex A (normative) Special conditions for ultrasonic instruments with logarithmic amplifiers .39
Bibliography .40
iv © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 22232-1:2020(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/ directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www .iso .org/ patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation of the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT), see www .iso .org/
iso/ foreword .html.
This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee
SC 3, Ultrasonic testing, in collaboration with the European Committee for Standardization (CEN)
Technical Committee CEN/TC 138, Non-destructive testing, in accordance with the Agreement on
technical cooperation between ISO and CEN (Vienna Agreement).
A list of all parts in the ISO 22232 series can be found on the ISO website.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found at www .iso .org/ members .html.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 22232-1:2020(E)
Non-destructive testing — Characterization and
verification of ultrasonic test equipment —
Part 1:
Instruments
1 Scope
This document specifies methods and acceptance criteria within the frequency range of 0,5 MHz to
15 MHz, for assessing the electrical performance of digital ultrasonic instruments for pulse operation
using A-scan display, for manual ultrasonic non-destructive testing with single- or dual-transducer
probes. This document is also applicable for multi-channel instruments. This document can partly be
applicable to ultrasonic instruments in automated systems, but other tests can be needed to ensure
satisfactory performance.
This document excludes ultrasonic instruments for continuous waves.
This document also excludes ultrasonic phased array instruments, see e.g. ISO 18563-1. If a phased
array instrument has dedicated connectors for single- or dual-transducer probes this document is
applicable for these channels.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5577, Non-destructive testing — Ultrasonic testing — Vocabulary
ISO/IEC 17050-1, Conformity assessment — Supplier's declaration of conformity — Part 1: General
requirements
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO 5577 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https:// www .iso .org/ obp
— IEC Electropedia: available at http:// www .electropedia .org/
3.1
analogue output
output from the ultrasonic instrument which gives a d.c. voltage nominally proportional to the
amplitude of the largest received signal within a monitor gate
3.2
cross talk during transmission
amount of signal transfer from the transmitter output to the receiver input during the transmission pulse,
with the ultrasonic instrument set for separate transmitter-receiver operation (dual-transducer probe)
ISO 22232-1:2020(E)
3.3
dead time after transmitter pulse
time interval following the start of the transmitter pulse during which the amplifier is unable to respond
to incoming signals, when using the pulse-echo technique, because of saturation by the transmitter pulse
3.4
digital output
output from the ultrasonic instrument which gives a low or high value depending if a signal is below or
above a monitor gate threshold
3.5
digitisation sampling error
error introduced into the displayed amplitude of an input signal by the periodic nature of measurements
taken by an analogue-to-digital converter
3.6
equivalent input noise
measure of the electronic noise level observed on the ultrasonic instrument screen, and defined by
the input signal level, measured at the receiver input terminals, that would give the same level on the
screen if the amplifier itself were noiseless
3.7
external attenuator
standard attenuator calibrated to a traceable source used to test the ultrasonic instrument
3.8
fall time
time it takes the proportional gate output to fall from 90 % to 10 % of its peak value
3.9
switched monitor gate signal hold time
time for which the switched output from a monitor gate remains above 50 % of its maximum output
following a signal in the monitor gate which is above the threshold
3.10
hold time
time for which the analogue output (3.1) is above 50 % of its maximum output
following a signal in the monitor gate
3.11
linearity of analogue output
measure of how close the voltage output from the proportional gate is to being directly proportional to
the input signal amplitude
3.12
mid-gain position
ultrasonic instrument gain setting which is half way between the maximum and minimum gains
EXAMPLE For an ultrasonic instrument with a maximum gain of 100 dB and a minimum gain of 0 dB, the
mid-gain position would be 50 dB.
Note 1 to entry: Mid-gain position is measured in decibels.
3.13
receiver input impedance
characterisation of the internal impedance of the receiver as a parallel resistance and capacitance
3.14
response time
time over which a signal has to be detected by an ultrasonic instrument before it is displayed at 90 % of
its peak amplitude
2 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 22232-1:2020(E)
3.15
temporal resolution
minimum time interval over which two pulses are resolved by a drop in amplitude of 6 dB
3.16
switching hysteresis
difference in amplitude between the signal which turns on and the signal which turns off a monitor gate
4 Symbols
Symbol Unit Meaning
A , A dB Attenuator settings used during tests
o n
C pF Parallel capacity of receiver at the maximum gain
max
C pF Parallel capacity of receiver at the minimum gain
min
D dB Cross talk during transmission
S
Δf Hz Frequency bandwidth measured at the proportional gate output
g
f Hz Centre frequency measured at the proportional gate output
go
f Hz Upper frequency limit at −3 dB, measured at the proportional gate output
gu
f Hz Lower frequency limit at −3 dB, measured at the proportional gate output
gl
Frequency with the maximum amplitude in the frequency spectrum measured at the
f Hz
gmax
proportional gate output
f Hz Centre frequency
f Hz Upper frequency limit at −3 dB
u
f Hz Lower frequency limit at −3 dB
l
f Hz Frequency with the maximum amplitude in the frequency spectrum
max
Δf Hz Frequency bandwidth
G dB Dynamic range
D
I A Amplitude of the maximum current that can be driven by the proportional gate output
max
N — Number of measurements taken
n Equivalent input noise
nV/ Hz
ein
R Ω Termination resistor
l
R Ω Input resistance of receiver at the maximum gain
max
R Ω Input resistance of receiver at the minimum gain
min
S dB Attenuator setting
ΔT s Time increment
t s Temporal resolution
A
t s Pulse duration
d
T s Time to the end of a distance-amplitude curve
final
T s Time to the start of a distance-amplitude curve
t s Measured rise time
m
t s Transmitter pulse rise time from an amplitude of 10 % to 90 % of the peak amplitude
r
t s Oscilloscope rise time
s
V V Input voltage at the receiver
E
V V Equivalent input noise voltage
ein
V V Input voltage
in
V V Proportional gate output voltage with load resistor
l
V V Maximum input voltage of the receiver
max
V V Minimum input voltage of the receiver
min
ISO 22232-1:2020(E)
Symbol Unit Meaning
V V Proportional gate output voltage with no load resistor
o
V V Voltage amplitude of the transmitter pulse with a 50 Ω loading of the transmitter
V Ω Voltage amplitude of the transmitter pulse with a 75 Ω loading of the transmitter
Z Ω Output impedance of transmitter
o
Z Ω Output impedance of analogue output
A
5 General requirements of conformity
An ultrasonic instrument complies with this document if it fulfils all of the following requirements:
a) the ultrasonic instrument shall comply with Clause 7 within the frequency range of 0,5 MHz to
15 MHz;
b) a declaration of conformity according to ISO/IEC 17050-1 shall be available, issued by either
the manufacturer operating a certified quality management system (e.g. in accordance with
ISO 9001) or by an organization operating an accredited test laboratory (e.g. in accordance with
ISO/IEC 17025);
c) the ultrasonic instrument shall be clearly marked to identify the manufacturer, and carry a unique
serial number or show a permanent reference number from which information can be traced to the
data sheet;
d) a manufacturer‘s technical specification corresponding to the ultrasonic instrument shall be
available, which defines the performance criteria in accordance with Clause 6.
6 Manufacturer’s technical specification for ultrasonic instruments
The manufacturer’s technical specification for an ultrasonic instrument shall contain, as a minimum,
the information listed in Table 1. The actual values quoted for the parameters listed in this clause shall
be the results obtained from the tests described in Clause 7, with tolerances given as indicated.
Where applicable, these details should also include sampling rates used, effect of pulse repetition
frequency or display range on the sampling rate and response time. In addition, the principles of any
algorithm used to process data for display shall be described and the version of any software installed
shall be quoted.
Table 1 — Technical characteristics to be shown in the instrument’s technical specification
Type of
Information Remarks
information
General features
Size OI Width (mm) × height (mm) × depth (mm)
Weight OI At an operational stage including all batter-
ies
Type(s) of power supply OI —
Type(s) of instrument sockets OI —
Battery operational time M At fully charged new batteries
Number and type of batteries OI —
Stability against temperature M —
Key
M measurement
OI other information
4 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 22232-1:2020(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Type of
Information Remarks
information
Stability after warm-up time M —
Stability against voltage variations M —
Temperature and voltage (mains and/or OI When a warm-up time is necessary, its du-
batteries) ranges in which the instrument ration shall be stated
operates in accordance with the technical
specification (operation and storage)
Form of indication given when a low OI —
battery voltage takes the ultrasonic
instrument performance
outside of the specification
Pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs) M Minimum and maximum values
Maximum power consumption OI W
Protection grade OI —
Environment OI For example: restriction of hazardous
substances (RoHS), explosive atmosphere
(ATEX), vibration, humidity
Multi-channel configuration OI Number of channels controlled simultane-
ously (parallel operation) and number of
available channels (multiplexed operation)
Extension of the number of channels by OI —
interconnection of instruments
Available measurement units OI For example: mm, inches, %, dB, V
Display
Screen size and resolution OI —
Range of sound velocities OI —
Time base delay range OI —
List of available views OI —
Screen refresh rate for A-scan presentations OI —
Maximum digitization frequency without OI —
processing
Digitization frequency with processing OI For example: interpolation
Digitizer vertical resolution OI In bits
Highest digitized frequency OI —
Time base deviation M —
Response time M —
Inputs/outputs
Signal unrectified output (i.e. radio OI —
frequency, RF) and/or rectified available
on the output socket
Number and characteristics of logic and OI Including the wiring diagram
analogue control outputs
Number and characteristics of encoder OI Including the wiring diagram
inputs
Power input OI AC, DC, voltage range, power (W)
Key
M measurement
OI other information
ISO 22232-1:2020(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Type of
Information Remarks
information
Available power supply for external devices OI Voltage, power
Synchronization input/output OI —
Transmitter
Shape of transmitter pulse and, where OI i.e. rectangular, unipolar, bipolar, arbi-
applicable, polarity trary pulse
Transmitter voltage, pulse rise time, fall time M —
and duration
Output impedance M —
Possibility to apply different voltages on OI —
each channel
Maximum power available per transmitter OI —
Receiver
Characteristics of the gain control, i.e. range OI —
in decibels, value of increments
Characteristics of the logarithmic amplifier OI —
Input voltage at full screen height (FSH) OI —
Maximum input voltage M V measured in 8.9.4.1
max
Linearity of vertical display M —
Frequency response M —
Dead time after transmitter pulse M —
Equivalent input noise M
nV
Hz
Dynamic range M —
Input impedance M —
Time-corrected gain (TCG) M —
Possibility to apply different gain values on OI
each channel
Cross talk between transmitter and receiver M —
Gain linearity M —
Data acquisition
Transfer rate between the instruments and OI Including type of interface
the external storage unit
Maximum number of A-scans stored per OI A-scan characteristics shall be stated
second
Maximum number of C-scans stored per OI C-scan characteristics shall be stated
second
Maximum number of samples per A-scan OI —
Gates
Number of gates OI —
Threshold operation OI For example: coincidence or anti-coincidence
Measurement mode OI For example: threshold, max amplitude,
zero crossing
Key
M measurement
OI other information
6 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 22232-1:2020(E)
Table 1 (continued)
Type of
Information Remarks
information
Synchronisation of gates OI For example: transmission pulse, first echo
Characteristics of gates OI Threshold, position, duration
Resolution of measurements OI —
Trigger of alarms OI For example: number of sequences before
an alarm is triggered
Linearity of the amplitude in the gate M —
Linearity of the time of flight in the gate M —
Impedance of analogue output M —
Linearity of analogue output M —
Influence of the measurement signal position M —
in the gate of the analogue output
Rise, fall and hold time of the analogue gate M —
output
Threshold of the alarm gate output M —
Switching hysteresis of the alarm gate output M —
Hold time of the alarm gate output M —
Signal processing
Processing features OI For example: averaging, Fast Fourier
Transform (FFT), rectification, envelope,
compression, dimensional measurements
Key
M measurement
OI other information
7 Performance requirements for ultrasonic instruments
The ultrasonic instrument shall be subjected to all the tests described below. For multi-channel
instruments, parallel or multiplexed, each channel to be used shall be tested. The test results shall meet
or exceed the stated requirement in every case. The results shall be recorded and stored for verification.
a) Group 1 tests: to be performed at manufacture on a representative sample of the same type of
ultrasonic instruments produced.
b) Group 2 tests: to be performed on every ultrasonic instrument:
1) by the manufacturer or an agent, prior to the supply of the ultrasonic instrument (baseline
measurements);
2) by the manufacturer, the owner or a laboratory, at twelve months intervals to verify the
performance of the ultrasonic instrument during its lifetime;
3) following the repair of the ultrasonic instrument.
By agreement between the parties involved, these group 2 tests may be supplemented with additional
tests from group 1.
For ultrasonic instruments marketed before the introduction of this document continuing
compliance with this document shall be demonstrated by performing the group 2 (periodic) tests
every twelve months.
Following repair, all parameters which may have been influenced by the repair shall be checked using
the appropriate group 1 or group 2 tests.
ISO 22232-1:2020(E)
Table 2 summarises the tests to be performed on ultrasonic instruments. For ultrasonic instruments
with a logarithmic amplifier, Annex A shall be taken into account.
Table 2 — List of tests for ultrasonic instruments
Group 2
Group 1
Baseline, periodic and
Manufacturer’s tests
repair tests
Subclause Subclause
Physical state and external aspects 9.2 9.2
Battery operational time 8.2
Stability
Stability after warm-up time 8.3
Stability against temperature 8.4
Stability against voltage variation 8.5
Time base deviation 8.6
Transmitter pulse
Pulse repetition frequency 8.7.2
Effective output impedance 8.7.3
Transmitter voltage, pulse rise time and duration 9.3 9.3
Receiver
Cross talk from transmitter to receiver during transmission 8.8.2
Dead time after transmitter pulse 8.8.3
Dynamic range 8.8.4
Receiver input impedance 8.8.5
Time-corrected gain (TCG) 8.8.6
Frequency response 9.4.2 9.4.2
Noise 9.4.3 9.4.3
Gain linearity 9.4.4 9.4.4
Vertical linearity 9.4.5 9.4.5
Gates
Gates with value output
Linearity of amplitude in the gate 8.9.2.1
Linearity of time of flight in the gate 8.9.2.2
Gates with analogue output
Impedance of the analogue output 8.9.3.1
Linearity of the analogue output 8.9.3.2
Influence of signal position within gate 8.9.3.3
Rise time, fall time, and hold time of the analogue output 8.9.3.4
Gates with alarm output
Response threshold and switching hysteresis 8.9.4.2
Hold time of the gate alarm 8.9.4.3
Digital processing
Highest digitized frequency 8.10.1
Response time of digital ultrasonic instruments 8.11
8 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 22232-1:2020(E)
8 Group 1 tests
8.1 Equipment required for group 1 tests
The items of equipment essential to perform group 1 tests on ultrasonic instruments are as follows:
a) either:
1) an oscilloscope with a minimum bandwidth of 100 MHz and a spectrum analyser with a 40 MHz
bandwidth at least; or
2) a digital oscilloscope with a minimum bandwidth of 100 MHz and the capability to calculate
Fast Fourier Transforms;
b) 50 Ω and 75 Ω resistors, with a tolerance of ±1 %;
c) a standard 50 Ω attenuator with 1 dB steps and a total range of 100 dB. The attenuator shall have a
cumulative error of less than 0,3 dB in any 10 dB span for signals with a frequency up to 15 MHz;
d) either:
1) an arbitrary waveform generator; or
2) two signal generators, with external triggers or gates, capable of producing two gated bursts
of sinusoidal radio frequency signals. The amplitudes of the two signals shall be independently
variable by up to 20 dB;
If two signal generators are used, suitable matching circuits shall be used to combine the output of
the two generators into one test signal;
e) a protection circuit; an example is shown in Figure 2;
f) a counter timer capable of generating an overflow pulse after 1 000 trigger pulses and measuring
the interval between two pulses with an accuracy of 0,01 %;
g) an impedance analyser;
h) environmental test chamber;
i) a variable power supply suitable to replace any battery used in the ultrasonic instrument;
j) a variable transformer to control mains voltage.
All the tests in group 1 use electronic means for generating the required signals. The characteristics of
the equipment employed and its stability shall be adequate for the purpose of the tests.
The test conditions and the equipment used for the evaluation of the instrument parameters shall be
documented.
Before connecting the oscilloscope and/or spectrum analyser to the transmitter of the ultrasonic
instrument, as required for some of the tests in this document, it shall be checked that the measuring
instruments will not be damaged by the high transmitter voltage.
8.2 Battery operational time
8.2.1 Procedure
The operational time of the unloaded (without any probe connected) ultrasonic instrument using
batteries only (i.e. the instrument should be disconnected from the main power supply) shall be
measured with the following conditions:
— fully charged new battery(ies);
ISO 22232-1:2020(E)
— ambient temperature between 20 °C and 30 °C;
— gain set to mid-gain position.
If the instrument features a screen:
— display A–scan presentation;
— brightness set at mid-range.
When made possible by the characteristics of the instrument:
— pulse repetition frequency set at least 1 kHz;
— pulse voltage at least 50 V;
— pulse duration at least 100 ns, if applicable;
— time base set to 50 µs.
In all other cases, those parameters shall be set to their typical values. Parameters that have been
modified shall be specified by the manufacturer.
8.2.2 Acceptance criterion
The duration measured shall be higher than or equal to the duration specified by the manufacturer.
8.3 Stability after warm-up time
8.3.1 Procedure
Set the instrument range to 50 mm with a sound velocity of 5 920 m/s and set to full rectification.
Ensure that the mains or battery voltage is within the ranges required by the manufacturer’s technical
specification.
In mid-frequency range of the instrument adjust the signal generator to produce a single cycle sine
wave. Add a time delay equivalent to approximately 50 % of the sound path range. Set the amplitude of
the signal to be 80 % of the FSH.
Observe the amplitude and the position of the signal on the time base at 10 min intervals over a period
of 30 min.
8.3.2 Acceptance criteria
During a 30 min period after warm-up time, in accordance with the manufacturer’s technical
specification:
a) the signal amplitude shall not vary by more than ±2 % of the FSH;
b) the maximum acceptable shift along the time base shall be less than ±1 % of the full screen
width (FSW).
8.4 Stability against temperature
8.4.1 Procedure
The ultrasonic instrument is placed into a climatic chamber (relative humidity between 40 % and 60 %)
and subjected to varying ambient temperatures. The signal height and position on the instrument
screen shall be read off and recorded at a maximum of 10 °C intervals over the temperature range
specified by the manufacturer.
10 © ISO 2020 – All rights reserved
ISO 22232-1:2020(E)
Switch the instrument to separate transmitter-receiver mode. Connect the transmitter output to the
first channel of a dual-channel oscilloscope and the trigger input of a signal generator (see Figure 1).
Connect the signal generator gated output to the instrument receiver input and also to the second
channel of the oscilloscope.
Key
1 ultrasonic instrument 9 gated RF signal generator
2 protection circuit (see Figure 2) 10 external trigger input
3 input 11 RF output
4 output 12 transmitter output
5 variable attenuator 13 receiver input
6 100 MHz oscilloscope 14 voltage limited transmitter pulse
7 input channel A 15 test signal
8 input channel B
Figure 1 — Setup for measuring stability against temperature
ISO 22232-1:2020(E)
Key
1 from ultrasonic instrument
2 to signal generator/oscilloscope
3 silicon switching diodes
R1, R2, R3 resistors
Figure 2 — Circuit to protect the instrument from the transmitter pulse
Set the instrument range to 50 mm for a sound velocity of 5 920 m/s, full rectification. Set the
oscilloscope channel 1 to view the instrument transmitter pulse. Set the signal generator to generate
a burst of three cycles at 2 MHz to 6 MHz with a delay of 10 μs. Set the burst amplitude to 1 V peak-to-
peak. Adjust oscilloscope channel 2 to view the burst. Now adjust the instrument gain control to set the
viewed signal to 80 % of the FSH.
8.4.2 Acceptance criterion
For each 10 °C change in temperature the amplitude of the reference signal shall not change by more
than ±5 % and the position shall not change by more than ±1 %.
8.5 Stability against voltage variation
8.5.1 Procedure
Instruments which only use line power shall be connected to the variable transformer to control the
power voltage. Instruments which use a battery as a
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