EN 13384-1:2002
(Main)Chimneys - Thermal and fluid dynamic calculation methods - Part 1 : Chimneys serving one appliance
Chimneys - Thermal and fluid dynamic calculation methods - Part 1 : Chimneys serving one appliance
This standard specifies methods for calculation of the thermal and fluid dynamic characteristics of chimneys. This standard deals with chimneys with negative or positive pressure with wet or dry operating conditions valid for chimneys with heating appliances for fuels subject to the knowledge of the flue gas characteristics which are needed for the calculation. The fuels which are explicitly covered in this standard are: liquefied petroleum gas, manufactured gas (town gas), domestic heating oil and residual fuel oil, solid mineral fuel (natural and manufactured), wood.
Abgasanlagen - Wärme- und strömungstechnische Berechnungsverfahren - Teil 1 : Abgasanlagen mit einer Feuerstätte
Die vorliegende Norm legt Verfahren für die Berechnung von wärme- und strömungstechnischen Kennwerten von Abgasanlagen fest. Die vorliegende Norm behandelt herkömmliche und feuchteunempfindliche Abgasanlagen mit Unter- oder Überdruck und gilt für Abgasanlagen mit Feuerstätten, deren Brennstoffe bekannte Abgaseigenschaften haben, die für die Berechnung benötigt werden.
Conduits de fumée - Méthodes de calcul thermo-aéraulique - Partie 1 : Conduits de fumée ne desservant qu'un seul appareil
La présente Norme européenne spécifie les méthodes de calcul des caractéristiques thermo-aérauliques des conduits de fumée ne desservant qu'un seul appareil.
Les méthodes données dans la présente partie de cette norme européenne s'appliquent aux conduits de fumée fonctionnant sous pression négative ou positive, en ambiance humide ou sèche, et desservant des appareils de chauffage qui brûlent des combustibles dont on a besoin de connaître les caractéristiques des fumées pour les calculs.
Les méthodes données dans cette partie de la présente Norme européenne s'appliquent aux conduits de fumée équipés d'un seul canal d'admission à un appareil. Les méthodes données dans la partie 2 de la présente Norme européenne concernent les conduits de fumée équipés de plusieurs canaux d'admission ou d'un seul canal d'admission desservant plusieurs appareils.
Dimniki - Računske metode termodinamike in dinamike fluidov - Dimniki za eno ogrevalno napravo
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Chimneys - Thermal and fluid dynamic calculation methods - Part 1 : Chimneys serving one applianceConduits de fumée - Méthodes de calcul thermo-aéraulique - Partie 1 : Conduits de fumée ne desservant qu'un seul appareilAbgasanlagen - Wärme- und strömungstechnische Berechnungsverfahren - Teil 1 : Abgasanlagen mit einer Feuerstätte91.060.40Dimniki, jaški, kanaliChimneys, shafts, ductsICS:SIST EN 13384-1:2003enTa slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13384-1:200201-april-2003SIST EN 13384-1:2003SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 13384-1December 2002ICS 91.060.40English versionChimneys - Thermal and fluid dynamic calculation methods -Part 1 : Chimneys serving one applianceConduits de fumée - Méthodes de calcul thermo-aéraulique- Partie 1 : Conduits de fumée ne desservant qu'un seulappareilAbgasanlagen - Wärme- und strömungstechnischeBerechnungsverfahren - Teil 1 : Abgasanlagen mit einerFeuerstätteThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 October 2002.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Management Centre or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2002 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 13384-1:2002 E
EN 13384-1:2002 (E)2ContentspageForeword.41Scope.52Normative references.53Terms and definitions.54Symbols, terminology and units.85Calculation method.115.1General principles.115.2Pressure requirements.115.2.1Negative pressure chimneys.115.2.2Positive pressure chimneys.125.3Temperature requirement.125.4Calculation procedure.135.5Flue gas data characterising the heating appliance for nominal heat output.135.5.1General.135.5.2Flue gas mass flow.135.5.3Flue gas temperature.145.5.4Minimum draught for the heating appliance (PW) for negative pressure chimney.155.5.5Maximum differential pressure of the heating appliance (PWO) for positive pressurechimney.155.6Characteristic data for the calculation.155.6.1General.155.6.2Roughness value (r).165.6.3Thermal resistance (1/L).165.7Basic values for the calculation.165.7.1Air temperatures.165.7.2External air pressure (pL).195.7.3Gas constant.195.7.4Density of the external air (rrL).195.7.5Specific heat capacity of the flue gas (cp).205.7.6Condensing temperature (Tsp).205.7.7Correction factor for temperature instability (SH).205.7.8Flow safety coefficient (SE).205.8Determination of the temperatures.215.8.1General.215.8.2Calculation of the coefficient of cooling (K).215.8.3Coefficient of heat transmission (kb).225.9Determination of the density of the flue gas and the velocity of the flue gas.245.9.1Density of the flue gas (rrm).245.9.2Velocity of the flue gas (wm).245.10Determination of the pressures.255.10.1Pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney.255.10.2Theoretical draught available due to chimney effect (PH).265.10.3Pressure resistance of the chimney (PR).265.10.4Wind velocity pressure (PL).28
EN 13384-1:2002 (E)35.11Draught required at the flue gas inlet into the chimney (PZe) and maximum differentialpressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney (PZoe).285.11.1General.285.11.2Minimum draught for the heating appliance (PW) and maximum differential pressureof the heating appliance (PWO).295.11.3Effective pressure resistance of the connecting flue pipe (PFV).295.11.4Pressure resistance of the air supply (PB).315.12Calculation of the inner wall temperature at the chimney outlet (Tiob).326Secondary air for negative pressure chimneys.336.1General.336.2Calculation method.346.3Basic values for the calculation of secondary air.346.3.1General.346.3.2Mixing calculations.346.4Pressures.356.4.1Pressure resistance for the air supply with secondary air (PBNL).356.4.2Draught required for the secondary air devices (PNL).366.4.3Pressure resistance for that part of the connecting flue pipe before the secondary airdevice (PFV1).386.4.4Pressure requirement with secondary air.386.5Temperature requirement with secondary air.38Annex A (informative)
Calculation of thermal resistance.39Annex B (informative)
Tables.40Annex C (informative)
Chimney outlet with regard to adjacent buildings.56Annex D (informative)
Limit curves of the classification for the draught regulator.57Bibliography.58
EN 13384-1:2002 (E)4ForewordThis document (EN 13384-1:2002) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 166,"Chimneys", the secretariat of which is held by UNI.This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of anidentical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2003, and conflicting national standards shall bewithdrawn at the latest by June 2003.This European Standard has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the EuropeanCommission and the European Free Trade Association and supports essential requirements of EUDirectives.Annexes A, B, C and D are informative.This European Standard “Chimneys – Thermal and fluid dynamic calculation methods” consists of twoParts:- Part 1: Chimneys serving one heating appliance.-Part 2: Chimneys with multiple inlets and one inlet with multiple appliances .According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of thefollowing countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic,Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands,Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.
EN 13384-1:2002 (E)51 ScopeThis European Standard specifies methods for the calculation of the thermal and fluid dynamiccharacteristics of chimneys serving one appliance.The methods in this Part of this European Standard are applicable to negative or positive pressurechimneys with wet or dry operating conditions. It is valid for chimneys with heating appliances for fuelssubject to the knowledge of the flue gas characteristics which are needed for the calculation.The methods in this Part of this European Standard are applicable to chimneys with one inlet connectedwith one appliance. The methods in Part 2 of this European Standard are applicable to chimneys withmultiple inlets and one inlet with multiple appliances.2 Normative referencesThis European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listedhereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publicationsapply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undatedreferences the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).EN 1443:1999, Chimneys - General requirements.prEN 1856-1, Chimneys – Requirements for metal chimneys – Part 1: System chimney products.EN 1859, Chimneys - Metal chimneys Test Methods.EN 13502, Chimneys - Requirements and test methods for clay/ceramic flue terminalsCR 1749, European scheme for the classification of gas appliances according to the method ofevacuation of the products of combustion (Types)3 Terms and definitionsFor the purposes of this European Standard, the terms and definitions given in EN 1443:1999 and thefollowing apply.3.1 heat output (Q)amount of heat produced by a heating appliance per unit of time3.1.1 nominal heat output (QN)continuous heat output specified by the manufacturer of the heating appliance related to specified fuels3.1.2 heat output rangerange of output below the nominal heat output specified by the manufacturer over which the appliance canbe used
EN 13384-1:2002 (E)63.2 heat input (QF)amount of heat in unit time which is supplied to the heating appliance by the fuel based on its net caloricvalue Hu3.3 efficiency of the heating appliance (hhW)ratio of the heat output (Q) from the appliance to the heat input (QF )3.4 flue gas mass flow (m)mass of flue gas leaving the heating appliance through the connecting flue pipe per time unit3.5 effective height of the chimney (H)difference in height between the axis of the flue gas inlet into the chimney and the outlet of the chimney3.6 effective height of the connecting flue pipe (HV)difference in height between the axis of the flue gas chimney outlet of the heating appliance and the axis ofthe flue gas inlet into the chimneyIn the case of open fire chimneys, HV is the difference in height between the height of the upper frame of thefurnace and the axis of the flue gas inlet into the chimney.3.7 draughtpositive value of the negative pressure in the flue3.8 theoretical draught available due to chimney effect (PH)pressure difference caused by the difference in weight between the column of air equal to the effective heightoutside a chimney and the column of flue gas equal to the effective height inside the chimney3.9 pressure resistance of the chimney (PR)pressure which is necessary to overcome the resistance of the flue gas mass flow which exists whencarrying the flue gases through the chimney3.10 wind velocity pressure (PL)pressure generated on the chimney due to wind3.11 draught at the flue gas inlet into the chimney (PZ)difference between the theoretical draught at the height of the axis of the flue gas inlet into the chimney andthe pressure resistance in the flue at the same height3.12 minimum draught for the heating appliance (PW)difference between the static air pressure of the room of installation of the heating appliance and the staticpressure of the flue gas at the chimney outlet of the appliance which is necessary to maintain the correctoperation of the heating appliance
EN 13384-1:2002 (E)73.13 effective pressure resistance of the connecting flue pipe (PFV)static pressure difference between the axis of the inlet of the connecting flue pipe and the axis of thechimney outlet due to the theoretical draught and pressure resistance3.14 effective pressure resistance of the air supply (PB)difference between the static pressure in the open air and the static air pressure in the room of installation ofthe heating appliance at the same height3.15 draught required at the flue gas inlet into the chimney (PZe)sum of the minimum draught required for the heating appliance and the draught required to overcome theeffective pressure resistance of the connecting flue pipe and the effective pressure resistance of the airsupply3.16 positive pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney (PZO)sum of the difference of the pressure resistance and the theoretical draught of the chimney and the windvelocity pressure3.17 maximum differential pressure of the heating appliance (PWO)maximum difference between the static pressure of the flue gas at the chimney outlet of the appliance andthe static pressure of the air at the inlet to the heating appliance specified for its correct operation3.18 maximum differential pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney (PZOe)difference between the maximum differential pressure of the heating appliance and the sum of the effectivepressure resistance of the connecting flue pipe and the effective pressure resistance of the air supply3.19 secondary airambient air added to the flue gas in addition to the nominal flue gas mass flow3.20 secondary air devicedraught regulator or a draught diverter3.21 draught regulatorcomponent which automatically supplies ambient air to the chimney, the connecting flue pipe or the heatingappliance3.22 draught diverterdevice, placed in the combustion products passage of the heating appliance, that is intended to maintainthe quality of combustion within certain limits and to keep the combustion stable under certain conditionsof updraught and downdraught3.23 temperature limit of the inner wall (Tg)allowed minimum temperature of the inner wall of the chimney outlet
EN 13384-1:2002 (E)84 Symbols, terminology and unitsThe symbols given in this clause can be completed by one or more indices to indicate location or materials ifnecessary.Table 1 - Symbols, terminology and unitsSymbolTerminologyUnit-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Across section area
m2c specific heat capacity
J/(kg·K)cpspecific heat capacity of flue gasJ/(kg·K)dthickness of the section
mDdiameter
mDhhydraulic diameter
mHeffective height of the chimney
mkcoefficient for heat transmission
W/(m2.K)Kcoefficient of cooling--Llength
mmflue gas mass flow
kg/sNuNusselt number
--pstatic pressure
PapLexternal air pressure
PaPBpressure resistance of the air supply for a flue gas mass flowPaPEpressure resistance due to friction and form resistance
of the chimney PaPFVeffective pressure resistance of the connecting flue pipePaPGdifference in pressure caused by change ofvelocity of flue gas in the chimney PaPHtheoretical draught available due to chimney effectPaPHVtheoretical draught available due to chimney effect ofthe connecting flue pipePaPLwind velocity pressurePaPNLdraught required for secondary air devicesPaPRpressure resistance of the chimney
PaPRVpressure resistance of the connecting flue pipePaPWminimum draught for the heating appliance
PaPWOmaximum differential pressure of the heating appliancePaPZdraught at the flue gas inlet into the chimneyPaPZedraught required at the flue gas inlet into the chimneyPaPZOpositive pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney PaTable 1 (continued)SymbolTerminologyUnit-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------PZOemaximum differential pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimneyPaPrPrandtl number
--Qheat output
kWQFheat input
kW
EN 13384-1:2002 (E)9QNnominal heat output
kWrmean value of roughness of the inner wallmRgas constant of the flue gasJ/(kg·K)RLgas constant of the airJ/(kg·K)ReReynolds number
--scross section
mSEflow safety coefficient
--SHcorrection factor for temperature instability--ttemperature
°CTtemperature, absolute
KTgtemperature limitKTioinner wall temperature at chimney outletKTiobinner wall temperature at the chimney outlet at temperatureequilibriumKTLexternal air temperatureKTmmean temperature of the flue gasKTpwater dew pointKTspcondensing temperatureKTuambient air temperatureKTubambient air temperature of the boiler roomKTuhambient air temperature for heated areasKTuoambient air temperature at the chimney outletKTulambient air temperature for areas external to the buildingKTuuambient air temperature for unheated areas inside the houseKTWflue gas temperature of the applianceKTWNflue gas temperature of the appliance at nominal heat outputKTWminflue gas temperature of the appliance at the lowest possible heat output
KU internal chimney segment parametermwmean velocity within a cross sectionm/swmmean velocity over a defined lengthm/syform value
--zheight above sea levelmacoefficient of heat transferW/(m2·K)bratio of the combustion air mass flow to theflue gas mass flow
--gangle between flow directions
°dwall thicknessm
EN 13384-1:2002 (E)10Table 1 (concluded)SymbolTerminologyUnit----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------zcoefficient of flow resistance due to a directional and/orcross sectional and/or mass flow change in the flue-hdynamic viscosity
N×s/m2hWefficiency of the heating appliance
--hWNefficiency of the heating appliance at nominal heat output--lcoefficient of thermal conductivity
W/(m·K)rdensity kg/m3rLdensity of the external airrmmean density of flue gas averaged over a defined length and over the crosskg/m3sections (CO2)volume-concentration of CO2
%s (H2O)volume-concentration of H2O (vapour)
%ycoefficient of flow resistance due to friction of the flue--1Læèçöø÷thermal resistance
m2·K/WTable 2 - Additional subscriptsSubscriptTerminology
Unit----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------aoutside
--Aflue gas
--bequilibrium temperature condition
--Bcombustion air
--eentrance
--Gchange in velocity
--iinside
--Lopen air (outside)
--mmean value
--Mmixture
--ncounting index
--Nnominal value--NLsecondary air
--ochimney outlet
--Opositive pressure
--tottotalized over all sections (segments)--uambient air
--Vconnecting flue pipe--Wheating appliance
--_____________________________________________________________________________
EN 13384-1:2002 (E)115 Calculation method5.1 General principlesThe calculation of inside dimensions (cross section) of negative pressure chimneys is based on thefollowing
three criteria:- the draught at the flue gas inlet into the chimney shall be equal to or greater than the draught requiredat the flue gas inlet into the chimney;- the draught at the flue gas inlet to the chimney shall be equal to or greater than the effective pressureresistance of the air supply;- the temperature of the inner wall at the chimney outlet of the chimney shall be equal to or greater thanthe temperature limit.The calculation of inside dimensions (cross section) of positive pressure is based on the following threecriteria:– the comparison between the positive pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney shall be equal orless than the maximum differential pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney;– the positive pressure in the connecting flue pipe and in the chimney shall not be higher than theexcess pressure for which both are designated;– the temperature of the inner wall at the chimney outlet of the chimney shall be equal to greater thanthe temperature limit.In order to verify the criteria two sets of external conditions are used:– the calculation of the pressure (draught) is made with conditions for which the capacity of the chimneyis minimal (i.e. high outside temperature); and also– the calculation of inner wall temperature with conditions for which the inside temperature of thechimney is minimal (i.e. low outside temperature).5.2 Pressure requirements5.2.1 Negative pressure chimneysThe following relationships shall be verified:PZ = PH - PR - PL ³ PW
+ PFV + PB
= PZein Pa (1)PZ ³ PBin Pa(2)WherePBis the effective pressure resistance of air supply (see 5.11.3), in Pa;PFVis the effective pressure resistance of the connecting flue pipe, in Pa;PH is the theoretical draught available due to chimney effect, in Pa;PLis the wind velocity pressure, in Pa;PRis the pressure resistance of the chimney, in Pa;
EN 13384-1:2002 (E)12PWis the minimum draught for the heating appliance, in Pa;PZis the draught at the flue gas inlet into the chimney (see 5.10), in Pa;PZeis the draught required at the flue gas inlet into the chimney (see 5.11), in Pa.5.2.2 Positive pressure chimneysThe following relationships shall be verified:PZO = PR - PH + PL £ PWO - PB - PFV = PZOein Pa(3)PZO £ PZ excessin Pa(4)PZO + PFV £ PZV excessin Pa(5)WherePWOis the maximum differential pressure of the heating appliance, in Pa;PZOis the positive pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney, in Pa;PZOeis the maximum differential pressure at the flue gas inlet into the chimney, in Pa;PZ excessis the maximum allowed pressure from the designation of the chimney, in Pa;PRis the pressure resistance of the chimney, in Pa.5.3 Temperature requirementThe following relationship shall be verified: iobTTg³in K (6)WhereTiobis the inner wall temperature at the chimney outlet at temperature equilibrium, in K;Tgis the temperature limit, in K.If the chimney above the roof has additional insulation the following relationship shall also be verified:gT T³irbin K (7)Where:Tirbis the inner wall temperature immediately before the additional insulation, in K.The temperature limit Tg of chimneys with dry operating conditions shall be taken as the condensingtemperature Tsp of the flue gas (see 5.7.6).The temperature limits Tg of chimneys with wet operating conditions shall be taken as 273,15 K whichprevents the formation of ice at the chimney outlet.
EN 13384-1:2002 (E)13NOTEThe comparison of the inner wall temperature before the additional insulation Tirb with the admissible limittemperature of the flue gas Tg is not necessary, if the value of the thermal resistance of the additional insulation is notmore than 0,1 (m2×K)/W.For chimneys operating under wet conditions the comparison is not necessary, if the value of the ambient airtemperature immediately before the additional insulation is ³ 0 °C.5.4 Calculation procedureFor the calculation of the pressure and temperature values for the relationships of equations (1), (2), (3),(4), (5) and (6) the values of the flue gas data characterising according to 5.5 shall be obtained for theappliance. The data specified in 5.6 shall be obtained for the chimney and its connecting flue pipe.5.7 to 5.11 provide calculations needed to finalise the chimney thermal and fluid dynamic calculations.
In5.7 the formulae provide the calculation of the basic data which are needed for further calculation.In 5.5.2 and 5.8 the formulae for the calculations of the relevant temperatures are compiled. The formulaefor the density of the flue gas and its velocity are compiled in 5.9.The procedure in 5.10 and 5.11 shall be used to validate the pressure requirement. The procedure in 5.12shall be used to validate the temperature requirement.The validation for pressure and temperature requirement shall be conducted twice:-for the nominal heat output of the heating appliance;- for the lowest value of the heat output range which is indicated by the manufacturer of the heatingappliance.If the temperature requirements in equations (6) and (7) of negative pressure chimneys are not fulfilledthe validation of the temperature condition can
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