CEN/TS 1007-7:2006

Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites. Methods of test for reinforcements - Part 7: Determination of the distribution of tensile strength and of tensile strain to failure of filaments within a multifilament tow at high temperature

This Technical Specification specifies the conditions, apparatus and procedure for determining the distribution of tensile strength and tensile strain to failure of ceramic filaments in multifilament tows at high temperature in air, vacuum or a controlled inert atmosphere.
This Technical Specification applies to tows of continuous ceramic filaments, which are assumed to act freely and independently under loading and behave linearly elastic up to failure.
Two methods are proposed depending on the temperature of the ends of the tow:
a)   hot end method;
NOTE 1   The application of the hot end method is restricted by ceramic glues with sufficient shear strengths at the test temperature. Current experience with this technique is limited to 1 300 °C, because of the maximum application temperature of ceramic glues.
b)   cold end method.
NOTE 2   The cold-end method is limited to 1 700 °C in air and 2 000 °C in inert atmosphere because of the limits of furnaces.
Both methods allow for a failure rate in the determination of distribution of tensile strain and tensile strength.

Hochleistungskeramik - Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe - Verfahren zur Prüfung von Verstärkungen - Teil 7: Bestimmung der Verteilung von Zugfestigkeit und Zugdehnung von Fasern im Faserbündel bei hoher Temperatur

Diese Technische Spezifikation legt die Bedingungen, Geräte und das Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Vertei-lung
der Zugfestigkeit und Zugdehnung bis zum Bruch von keramischen Fasern in Faserbündeln bei hoher
Temperatur in Luft, unter Vakuum oder in einer inerten Atmosphäre fest.
Diese Technische Spezifikation gilt für Bündel keramischer Endlosfasern, von denen angenommen wird, dass
sie unter Beanspruchung frei und unabhängig sind und sich bis zum Bruch linear-elastisch verhalten.
In Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur der Enden des Faserbündels werden zwei Verfahren vorgeschlagen:
a) Verfahren mit erhitzten Probenenden;
ANMERKUNG 1 Die Anwendung des Verfahrens mit erhitzten Probenenden ist durch Keramikklebstoffe mit hin-reichender
Scherfestigkeit bei der Prüftemperatur eingeschränkt. Derzeitige Erfahrungen mit diesem Verfahren be-schränken
sich wegen der maximalen Anwendungstemperatur von Keramikklebstoffen auf eine Temperatur von
1 300 °C.
b) Verfahren mit kalten Probenenden.
ANMERKUNG 2 Das Verfahren mit kalten Probenenden ist bedingt durch die von den Öfen gesetzten Grenzen
auf Temperaturen von 1 700 °C in Luft und 2 000 °C in inerter Atmosphäre begrenzt.
Beide Verfahren ermöglichen die Bestimmung der Verteilung von Zugdehnung und Zugfestigkeit bis zum
Bruch.

Céramiques techniques avancées - Céramiques composites - Méthodes d'essai pour renforts - Partie 7 : Détermination de la distribution de la résistance en traction et de la déformation de traction à la rupture des filaments dans un fil à haute température

La présente Spécification Technique spécifie les conditions, l'appareillage et le mode opératoire relatifs à la détermination de la distribution de la résistance en traction et de la déformation de traction à la rupture des filaments céramiques dans des fils multi-filaments à haute température par essai à l'air, sous vide ou dans une atmosphère inerte contrôlée.
La présente Spécification technique s’applique aux fils constitués de filaments continus de céramique qui sont supposés se comporter librement et indépendamment les uns des autres lorsqu’ils sont soumis à une charge et de façon élastique linéaire jusqu’à la rupture.
Deux méthodes sont proposées en fonction de la température des extrémités du fil :
a)   méthode avec mors chauds ;
NOTE 1   L'application de la méthode avec mors chauds est limitée par les colles céramiques présentant des résistances au cisaillement suffisantes à la température d'essai. L'expérience actuelle acquise avec cette technique se limite à 1 300 °C du fait de la température d'application maximale des colles céramiques.
b)   méthode avec mors froids.
NOTE 2   La méthode avec mors froids est limitée à 1 700 °C dans l'air et à 2 000 °C en atmosphère inerte du fait des limites des fours.
Les deux méthodes permettent d'obtenir une vitesse de rupture dans le cadre de la détermination de la distribution de la déformation de traction et de la résistance en traction.

Sodobna tehnična keramika - Keramični kompoziti - Preskusne metode za ojačitve - 7. del: Ugotavljanje porazdelitve natezne trdnosti in deformacij/obremenitev vlaken v svežnjih pri visoki temperaturi

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 26-Sep-2006
• Withdrawal Date: 06-Jul-2010
• ICS: 81.060.30 - Advanced ceramics
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 184 - Advanced technical ceramics
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 184/SC 1 - Ceramic composites
• Current Stage: 9960 - Withdrawal effective - Withdrawal
• Start Date: 07-Jul-2010
• Completion Date: 07-Jul-2010
• Ref Project: SIST-TS CEN/TS 1007-7:2007 - Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites. Methods of test for reinforcements - Part 7: Determination of the distribution of tensile strength and of tensile strain to failure of filaments within a multifilament tow at high temperature

Relations

• Replaced By: EN 1007-7:2010 - Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Methods of test for reinforcements - Part 7: Determination of the distribution of tensile strength and of tensile strain to failure of filaments within a multifilament tow at high temperature
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2007
6RGREQDWHKQLþQDNHUDPLND.HUDPLþQLNRPSR]LWL3UHVNXVQHPHWRGH]DRMDþLWYH
GHO8JRWDYOMDQMHSRUD]GHOLWYHQDWH]QHWUGQRVWLLQGHIRUPDFLMREUHPHQLWHY
YODNHQYVYHåQMLKSULYLVRNLWHPSHUDWXUL
Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites. Methods of test for reinforcements -
Part 7: Determination of the distribution of tensile strength and of tensile strain to failure
of filaments within a multifilament tow at high temperature
Hochleistungskeramik - Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe - Verfahren zur Prüfung von
Verstärkungen - Teil 7: Bestimmung der Verteilung von Zugfestigkeit und Zugdehnung
von Fasern im Faserbündel bei hoher Temperatur
Céramiques techniques avancées - Céramiques composites - Méthodes d'essai pour
renforts - Partie 7 : Détermination de la distribution de la résistance en traction et de la
déformation de traction a la rupture des filaments dans un fil a haute température
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TS 1007-7:2006
ICS:
81.060.30 Sodobna keramika Advanced ceramics
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
CEN/TS 1007-7
SPÉCIFICATION TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHE SPEZIFIKATION
September 2006
ICS 81.060.30
English Version
Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites. Methods of
test for reinforcements - Part 7: Determination of the distribution
of tensile strength and of tensile strain to failure of filaments
within a multifilament tow at high temperature
Céramiques techniques avancées - Céramiques Hochleistungskeramik - Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe -
composites - Méthodes d'essai pour renforts - Partie 7 : Verfahren zur Prüfung von Verstärkungen - Teil 7:
Détermination de la distribution de la résistance en traction Bestimmung der Verteilung von Zugfestigkeit und
et de la déformation de traction à la rupture des filaments Zugdehnung von Fasern im Faserbündel bei hoher
dans un fil à haute température Temperatur
This Technical Specification (CEN/TS) was approved by CEN on 17 July 2006 for provisional application.
The period of validity of this CEN/TS is limited initially to three years. After two years the members of CEN will be requested to submit their
comments, particularly on the question whether the CEN/TS can be converted into a European Standard.
CEN members are required to announce the existence of this CEN/TS in the same way as for an EN and to make the CEN/TS available
promptly at national level in an appropriate form. It is permissible to keep conflicting national standards in force (in parallel to the CEN/TS)
until the final decision about the possible conversion of the CEN/TS into an EN is reached.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36  B-1050 Brussels
© 2006 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TS 1007-7:2006: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword.3
1 Scope .4
2 Normative references .4
3 Terms and definitions .5
4 Symbols and abbreviations .7
5 Principle.7
6 Significance and use .8
7 Apparatus .8
7.1 Test machine.8
7.2 Load train.8
7.3 Adhesive .8
7.4 Test chamber.9
7.5 Set-up for heating .9
7.6 Temperature measurement.9
7.7 Data recording system .9
8 Test procedure.9
8.1 Test specimens.9
8.2 Test specimen preparation.10
8.3 Number of test specimens.12
8.4 Test Procedure.13
8.5 Calculation of results .16
Annex A (informative) Derivation of the Young’s modulus of the hot part of the tow .25
Bibliography .26

Foreword
This document (CEN/TS 1007-7:2006) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 184 “Advanced
technical ceramics”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following
countries are bound to announce this Technical Specification: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EN 1007 Advanced technical ceramics — Ceramic composites. Methods of test for reinforcements has been
prepared in 7 parts:
Part 1: Determination of size content
Part 2: Determination of linear density
Part 3: Determination of filament diameter and cross-section area
Part 4: Determination of tensile properties of filaments at ambient temperature
Part 5: Determination of distribution of tensile strength and of tensile strain to failure of filaments within a
multifilament tow at ambient temperature
Part 6: Determination of tensile properties of filaments at high temperature
Part 7: Determination of the distribution of tensile strength and tensile strain to failure of filaments within a
multifilament tow at high temperature
At the time of publication of this Technical Specification, Part 6 was available as a European Prestandard.

1 Scope
This Technical Specification specifies the conditions, apparatus and procedure for determining the distribution
of tensile strength and tensile strain to failure of ceramic filaments in multifilament tows at high temperature in
air, vacuum or a controlled inert atmosphere.
This Technical Specification applies to tows of continuous ceramic filaments, which are assumed to act freely
and independently under loading and behave linearly elastic up to failure.
Two methods are proposed depending on the temperature of the ends of the tow:
a) hot end method;
NOTE 1 The application of the hot end method is restricted by ceramic glues with sufficient shear strengths at the
test temperature. Current experience with this technique is limited to 1 300 °C, because of the maximum application
temperature of ceramic glues.
b) cold end method.
NOTE 2 The cold-end method is limited to 1 700 °C in air and 2 000 °C in inert atmosphere because of the limits of
furnaces.
Both methods allow for a failure rate in the determination of distribution of tensile strain and tensile strength.
2 Normative references
This Technical Specification incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications.
These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to
this Technical Specification only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references
the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
ENV 843-5, Advanced technical ceramics — Monolithic ceramics. Mechanical tests at room temperature —
Statistical analysis
EN 1007-2, Advanced technical ceramics — Ceramic composites — Methods of test for reinforcement —
Part 2: Determination of linear density
EN 60584-1, Thermocouples — Part 1: reference tables (IEC 60584-1:1995)
EN 60584-2, Thermocouples — Part 2: tolerances (IEC 60584-2:1982 + A1:1989)
EN ISO 7500-1, Metallic materials — Verification of static uniaxial testing machines — Part 1: Tension
compression testing machines — Verification and calibration of the force-measuring system (ISO 7500-
1:2004)
ENV 13233:1998, Advanced technical ceramics — Ceramic composites — Notations and symbols
ISO 10119, Carbon fibre — Determination of density
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this Technical Specification, the terms and definitions given in ENV 13233:1998 and the
following apply.
3.1
test temperature
T
temperature of the filament at the centre of the gauge length
3.2
lengths
initial distances between two reference points on the tow, disregarding thermal and mechanical strains
3.2.1
gauge length
L
part of the tow between the gripped ends, where the temperature variation is within 20 K of the test
temperature
3.2.2
test specimen length
L .
f
initial distance between the gripped ends of the tow
3.2.3
uniformly heated length
L
h
length of the heated zone within which the temperature variation is within 20 K of the test temperature
3.2.4
cold zone length
L
c
length of the tow, which is not uniformly heated
3.3
initial cross sectional area
A
sum of the cross sectional areas of all the filaments in the tow
3.4
tow elongation
∆L
increase of the gauge length between the two reference points on the tow
3.5
tow strain
ε
ratio of the tow elongation ∆L to the gauge length L
o
3.6
tow maximum tensile force
F
tow
highest recorded tensile force on the test specimen when tested to failure
3.7
tow strength
σ
tow
ratio of the tow maximum tensile force to the cross sectional area of all unbroken filaments at maximum
tensile force, F
tow
3.8
force at step j
F
j
force applied on the test specimen at step j
3.9
filament strain
ε
j
strain at step j in the non-linear parts of the force-displacement curve
3.10
filament strength
σ
j
ratio of the tensile force to the cross sectional area of all unbroken filaments at step j in the non-linear parts of
the force-displacement curve
3.11
average filament rupture strain

ε
r
statistical average rupture strain of the filaments in the tow for each test determined from the Weibull strain
distribution parameters of the filaments
3.12
overall average filament rupture strain

ε
r
arithmetic mean of the average filament rupture strains
3.13
average filament strength
σ
r
statistical average strength of the filaments in the tow for each test determined from the Weibull strength
distribution parameters of the filaments
3.14
overall average filament strength

σ
r
arithmetic mean of the average filament strengths
3.15 Compliances
3.15.1
initial total compliance
C
t
inverse  slope of the linear part of the force-displacement curve
3.15.2
instantaneous total compliance
C
t,j
inverse slope of the secant at any point j in the non-linear part of the force-displacement curve
NOTE The slope is taken from a line through any point of the force-displacement curve and the intersection point of
the line of the initial total compliance with the abscissa (true origin).
3.15.3
load train compliance
C
l
ratio of the cross head displacement to the force, excluding any contribution of the test specimen to the
displacement during the tensile test
3.15.4
cold zone compliance
C
c
ratio of the increase in test specimen length in the cold zone length L to the corresponding force during the
c
tensile test
3.15.5
hot zone compliance
C
h
ratio of the increase in test specimen length in the uniformly heated length L to the corresponding force
h
during the tensile test
4 Symbols and abbreviations
C is the instantaneous total compliance of the tow at maximum tensile force.
tow
is the elastic modulus (Young’s modulus) of the uniformly heated part of the tow.
E
h
E is the elastic modulus (Young’s modulus) of the cold part of the tow.
c
5 Principle
A mul
...