EN 1007-7:2010

Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Methods of test for reinforcements - Part 7: Determination of the distribution of tensile strength and of tensile strain to failure of filaments within a multifilament tow at high temperature

This European standard specifies the conditions, apparatus and procedure for determining the distribution of tensile strength and tensile strain to failure of ceramic filaments in multifilament tows at high temperature in air, vacuum or a controlled inert atmosphere.
This part of EN 1007 applies to tows of continuous ceramic filaments, which are assumed to act freely and independently under loading and behave linearly elastic up to failure.
Two methods are proposed depending on the temperature of the ends of the tow:
a)   hot end method;
NOTE 1   The application of the hot end method is restricted by ceramic glues with sufficient shear strengths at the test temperature. Current experience with this technique is limited to 1 300 °C, because of the maximum application temperature of ceramic glues.
b)   cold end method.
NOTE 2   The cold-end method is limited to 1 700 °C in air and 2 000 °C in inert atmosphere because of the limits of furnaces.
Both methods allow for a failure rate in the determination of distribution of tensile strain and tensile strength.

Hochleistungskeramik - Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe - Verfahren zur Prüfung der Faserverstärkungen - Teil 7: Bestimmung der Verteilung von Zugfestigkeit und Zugdehnung von Fasern im Faserbündel bei hoher Temperatur

Diese Europäische Norm legt die Bedingungen, Geräte und das Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Verteilung der
Zugfestigkeit und Zugdehnung bis zum Bruch von keramischen Fasern in Faserbündeln bei hoher Temperatur
in Luft, unter Vakuum oder in einer geregelten inerten Atmosphäre fest.
Dieser Teil der EN 1007 gilt für Bündel keramischer Endlosfasern, von denen angenommen wird, dass sie
unter Beanspruchung frei und unabhängig sind und sich bis zum Bruch linear-elastisch verhalten.
In Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur der Enden des Faserbündels werden zwei Verfahren vorgeschlagen:
a) Verfahren mit erhitzten Probenenden;
ANMERKUNG 1 Die Anwendung des Verfahrens mit erhitzten Probenenden ist durch Keramikklebstoffe mit hinreichender
Scherfestigkeit bei der Prüftemperatur eingeschränkt. Derzeitige Erfahrungen mit diesem Verfahren beschränken
sich wegen der maximalen Anwendungstemperatur von Keramikklebstoffen auf eine Temperatur von
1 300 °C.
b) Verfahren mit kalten Probenenden.
ANMERKUNG 2 Das Verfahren mit kalten Probenenden ist bedingt durch die von den Öfen gesetzten Grenzen
auf Temperaturen von 1 700 °C in Luft und 2 000 °C in inerter Atmosphäre begrenzt.
Beide Verfahren ermöglichen die Bestimmung der Verteilung von Zugdehnung und Zugfestigkeit bis zum
Bruch.

Céramiques techniques avancées - Céramiques composites - Méthodes d'essai pour renforts - Partie 7: Détermination de la distribution de la résistance en traction et de la déformation de traction à la rupture des filaments dans un fil à haute température

La présente Norme européenne spécifie les conditions, l'appareillage et le mode opératoire relatifs à la
détermination de la distribution de la résistance en traction et de la déformation de traction à la rupture des
filaments céramiques dans des fils multi-filaments à haute température par essai à l'air, sous vide ou dans
une atmosphère inerte contrôlée.
La présente partie de l'EN 1007 s'applique aux fils constitués de filaments continus de céramique qui sont
supposés se comporter librement et indépendamment les uns des autres lorsqu'ils sont soumis à une charge
et de façon élastique linéaire jusqu'à la rupture.
Deux méthodes sont proposées en fonction de la température des extrémités du fil :
a) méthode avec mors chauds ;
NOTE 1 L'application de la méthode avec mors chauds est limitée par les colles céramiques présentant des
résistances au cisaillement suffisantes à la température d'essai. L'expérience actuelle acquise avec cette technique se
limite à 1 300 °C du fait de la température d'application maximale des colles céramiques.
b) méthode avec mors froids.
NOTE 2 La méthode avec mors froids est limitée à 1 700 °C dans l'air et à 2 000 °C en atmosphère inerte du fait
des limites des fours.
Les deux méthodes permettent d'obtenir une vitesse de rupture dans le cadre de la détermination de la
distribution de la déformation de traction et de la résistance en traction

Sodobna tehnična keramika - Keramični kompoziti - Preskusne metode za ojačitve - 7. del: Ugotavljanje porazdelitve natezne trdnosti in deformacij/obremenitev vlaken v svežnjih pri visoki temperaturi

Ta evropski standard določa pogoje, aparat in postopek za ugotavljanje porazdelitve natezne trdnosti in deformacij/obremenitve vlaken v svežnjih pri visoki temperaturi v zraku, vakuumu ali nadzorovani inertni atmosferi. Ta del EN 1007 velja za svežnje neprekinjenih keramičnih vlaken, za katere se predpostavlja, da pod obremenitvijo delujejo prosto in neodvisno ter so do deformacije linearno elastične.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 06-Jul-2010
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Jan-2011
• ICS: 81.060.30 - Advanced ceramics
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 184 - Advanced technical ceramics
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 184/SC 1 - Ceramic composites
• Current Stage: 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 10-Sep-2021
• Completion Date: 14-Apr-2025
• Ref Project: SIST EN 1007-7:2010 - Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Methods of test for reinforcements - Part 7: Determination of the distribution of tensile strength and of tensile strain to failure of filaments within a multifilament tow at high temperature

Relations

• Replaces: CEN/TS 1007-7:2006 - Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites. Methods of test for reinforcements - Part 7: Determination of the distribution of tensile strength and of tensile strain to failure of filaments within a multifilament tow at high temperature
• Effective Date: 10-Jul-2010

Overview - EN 1007-7:2010 (ceramic composites, high‑temperature tow testing)

EN 1007-7:2010 is a CEN European standard for advanced technical ceramics that defines procedures to determine the distribution of tensile strength and tensile strain to failure of individual ceramic filaments contained in a multifilament tow at elevated temperatures. The standard applies when filaments are assumed to act freely and independently and behave linearly elastic up to failure. Tests may be carried out in air, vacuum or controlled inert atmospheres and use either a hot end or cold end heating method depending on specimen/end temperatures.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope and assumptions: continuous ceramic filaments in tows; linear elastic behaviour up to failure; progressive filament breakage used to derive distributions.
• Two test methods:
  • Hot end method - whole tow heated; practical limit ≈ 1 300 °C due to ceramic adhesives used to fix ends.
  • Cold end method - only a central heated zone; practical limits ≈ 1 700 °C in air and 2 000 °C in inert atmospheres (furnace limits).
• Apparatus and measurement:
  • Force transducer meeting grade 1 per EN ISO 7500-1.
  • Cross‑head displacement resolution better than 1 µm.
  • Load train and grips designed to avoid slippage and pre‑damage; adhesives such as ceramic cement (hot end) or epoxy (cold end).
  • Gas‑tight chambers for inert atmospheres or vacuum; thermocouple references per EN 60584 series.
• Data analysis:
  • Record synchronous force and displacement; non‑linear parts of the force–displacement curve (from progressive filament failures) are sampled.
  • Derive filament rupture distributions (Weibull parameters), average filament rupture strain/strength, and account for load train, cold/hot zone compliances.
  • A compliance correction is required when tow elongation is not measured directly (extensometer optional).

Practical applications and users

• Who uses it: materials scientists, test laboratories, ceramic fibre and composite manufacturers, R&D teams in aerospace, power generation, automotive, and advanced ceramics supply chains.
• Why use it:
  • Characterize filament-level variability in strength and strain at service temperatures.
  • Quality control of ceramic reinforcements for high‑temperature composite components.
  • Support design for high‑temperature applications where filament failure statistics affect composite reliability.
  • Provide data for reliability modelling (Weibull-based) and comparative material assessment.

Related standards

• EN 1007 series (Parts 1–6) - companion methods for size content, linear density, filament diameter, ambient‑temperature tensile tests, etc.
• EN 1007-2 (linear density)
• EN ISO 7500-1 (tensile machine verification)
• EN 60584‑1/2 (thermocouples)
• CEN/TR 13233 (notations and symbols)
• ISO 10119 (carbon fibre density)

Keywords: EN 1007-7:2010, ceramic composites, multifilament tow, tensile strength distribution, tensile strain to failure, high temperature testing, hot end method, cold end method, Weibull distribution.

Standards Content (Sample)

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.MREUHPHQLWHYHochleistungskeramik - Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe - Verfahren zur Prüfung der Faserverstärkungen - Teil 7: Bestimmung der Verteilung von Zugfestigkeit und Zugdehnung von Fasern im Faserbündel bei hoher TemperaturCéramiques techniques avancées - Céramiques composites - Méthodes d'essai pour renforts - Partie 7: Détermination de la distribution de la résistance en traction et de la déformation de traction à la rupture des filaments dans un fil à haute températureAdvanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Methods of test for reinforcements - Part 7: Determination of the distribution of tensile strength and of tensile strain to failure of filaments within a multifilament tow at high temperature81.060.30Sodobna keramikaAdvanced ceramicsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 1007-7:2010SIST EN 1007-7:2010en01-oktober-2010SIST EN 1007-7:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 1007-7:20071DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 1007-7
July 2010 ICS 81.060.30 Supersedes CEN/TS 1007-7:2006English Version
Advanced technical ceramics - Ceramic composites - Methods of test for reinforcements - Part 7: Determination of the distribution of tensile strength and of tensile strain to failure of filaments within a multifilament tow at high temperature
Céramiques techniques avancées - Céramiques composites - Méthodes d'essai pour renforts - Partie 7: Détermination de la distribution de la résistance en traction et de la déformation de traction à la rupture des filaments dans un fil à haute température
Hochleistungskeramik - Keramische Verbundwerkstoffe - Verfahren zur Prüfung der Faserverstärkungen - Teil 7: Bestimmung der Verteilung von Zugfestigkeit und Zugdehnung von Fasern im Faserbündel bei hoher Temperatur This European Standard was approved by CEN on 4 June 2010.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 1007-7:2010: ESIST EN 1007-7:2010

Derivation of the Young’s modulus of the hot part of the tow . 25Bibliography . 26 SIST EN 1007-7:2010

3.15.2 instantaneous total compliance Ct,j inverse slope of the secant at any point j in the non-linear part of the force-displacement curve NOTE The slope is taken from a line through any point of the force-displacement curve and the intersection point of the line of the initial total compliance with the abscissa (true origin). 3.15.3 load train compliance Cl ratio of the cross head displacement to the force, excluding any contribution of the test specimen to the displacement during the tensile test 3.15.4 cold zone compliance Cc ratio of the increase in test specimen length in the cold zone length Lc to the corresponding force during the tensile test 3.15.5 hot zone compliance Ch ratio of the increase in test specimen length in the uniformly heated length Lh to the corresponding force during the tensile test 4 Symbols and abbreviations Ctow
is the instantaneous total compliance of the tow at maximum tensile force. Eh
is the elastic modulus (Young’s modulus) of the uniformly heated part of the tow. Ec
is the elastic modulus (Young’s modulus) of the cold part of the tow. 5 Principle A multifilament tow is heated to the test temperature and loaded in tension. The test is performed at a constant displacement rate up to failure. Force and cross-head displacement are measured and recorded simultaneously. When required, the longitudinal deformation is derived from the cross-head displacement using a compliance correction. From the force-displacement curve, the two-parameter Weibull distribution of the rupture strain and distribution of the rupture strength of the filaments is obtained by sampling the non-linear parts of the curve at discrete intervals j, which correspond to an increasing number of failed filaments in the tow. The test duration is limited to reduce time dependent effects. Two methods can be used. The first method (hot-end method) consists of heating the tow over its total length. The second method (cold end method) consists of heating only a part of the test specimen length, the temperature profile of which is used to define the gauge length. The application of this method requires the realisation of three different heated zone lengths. SIST EN 1007-7:2010

The gaseous environment shall be chosen depending on the material to be tested and on the test temperature. The level of pressure shall be chosen based on the material to be tested, the test temperature, and on the type of gas. The gaseous environment shall not induce chemical and/or physical instability to the filament material. 7.4.3 Vacuum chamber The level of vacuum shall not induce chemical and/or physical instability of the filament material. 7.5 Set-up for heating The set-up for heating shall be constructed in such a way that in a sufficiently extended gauge length the temperature variation is minimised and less than 20 K at the test temperature. 7.6 Temperature measurement For temperature measurement, either thermocouples conforming to EN 60584-1 and -2 shall be used or, where thermocouples not conforming to EN 60584 or pyrometers are used, they shall be appropriately calibrated. 7.7 Data recording system A calibrated recorder may be used to record force-displacement curves. The use of a digital data recording system combined with an analogue recorder is recommended. 8 Test procedure 8.1 Test specimens  Hot end method In high temperature hot end tests, it is assumed that the test specimen is exposed to isothermal conditions along its whole length and that the test temperature is equal to the furnace temperature. According to these hypotheses, the gauge length L0 is equal to the test specimen length Lf. Test specimens with a gauge length of 100 mm shall be used to establish force-displacement curves. To determine the load train compliance Cl additional test specimens with gauge lengths of 50 mm and 150 mm shall be used. The gauge length shall be measured with an accuracy of ± 1 mm.
+ Lh and the length of the hot part defines the gauge length, i.e. gradient zones are neglected. Therefore, the compliance method shall be modified accordingly. Three different lengths of the hot part of the tow should be used, e.g. 20 mm, 40 mm, and 60 mm, with the medium length used to establish the force displacement curves.
NOTE The maximum length of the tow is determined by the apparatus used. The choice of the minimum length of the uniformly heated part of the tow is made with a view to minimizing uncertainties of the characteristics of the hot part, which are due to parasitic influences from the not uniformly heated parts.
8.2 Test specimen preparation Extreme care shall be taken while preparing the test specimen to ensure that the procedure is repeatable for all test specimens and to avoid handling damage. When a ceramic cement is used, the same type of cement and bonding length shall be used to prepare all test specimen of a given series. Specimens shall be handled with care during preparation to avoid breaking filaments. High repeatability in specimen preparation is required in order to allow the correct determination of the load train compliance. SIST EN 1007-7:2010

(actual example) Key a High temperature glue b Filament tow test piece
NOTE 1 The material is graphit
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