EN ISO 10848-1:2017

Acoustics - Laboratory and field measurement of flanking transmission for airborne, impact and building service equipment sound between adjoining rooms - Part 1: Frame document (ISO 10848-1:2017)

ISO 10848 (all parts) specifies measurement methods to characterize the flanking transmission of one or several building components. These measurements are performed in a laboratory test facility or in the field.
The performance of the building components is expressed either as an overall quantity for the combination of elements and junction (such as the normalized flanking level difference and/or normalized flanking impact sound pressure level) or as the vibration reduction index of a junction or the normalized direction-average vibration level difference of a junction.
Two approaches are used for structure-borne sound sources in buildings, a normalized flanking equipment sound pressure level and a transmission function that can be used to estimate sound pressure levels in a receiving room due to structure-borne excitation by service equipment in a source room. The former approach assumes that flanking transmission is limited to one junction (or no junction if the element supporting the equipment is the separating element), and the latter considers the combination of direct (if any) and all flanking transmission paths.
ISO 10848-1:2017 contains definitions, general requirements for test elements and test rooms, and measurement methods. Guidelines are given for the selection of the quantity to be measured, depending on the junction and the types of building elements involved. Other parts of ISO 10848 specify the application for different types of junction and building elements.
The quantities characterizing the flanking transmission can be used to compare different products, or to express a requirement, or as input data for prediction methods, such as ISO 12354‑1 and ISO 12354‑2.

Akustik - Messung der Flankenübertragung von Luftschall, Trittschall und Schall von Gebäudetechnischen Anlagen zwischen benachbarten Räumen im Prüfstand und am Bau - Teil 1: Rahmendokument (ISO 10848-1:2017)

ISO 10848 (alle Teile) legt Messverfahren zur Bestimmung der Flankenübertragung eines oder mehrerer Bauteile fest, die in Prüfständen oder am Bau durchzuführen sind. Diese Messungen werden in einer Labortestanlage oder im Feld durchgeführt.
Die Gebrauchstauglichkeit der Bauteile wird entweder als Gesamtgröße für die Kombination von Bauteilen und Stoßstellen (wie der Norm-Flankenschallpegeldifferenz und/oder dem Norm-Flankentrittschallpegel) oder als Stoßstellendämm-Maß einer Stoßstelle oder als richtungsgemittelte Norm-Schwingungspegel-differenz einer Stoßstelle angegeben.
Für Körperschallquellen in Gebäuden werden zwei Ansätze verwendet: Ein Norm-Flankengeräteschallpegel und eine Übertragungsfunktion, mit der Schalldruckpegel in einem Empfangsraum, welche durch Körperschallanregung durch technische Anlagen in einem Senderaum erzeugt werden, näherungsweise bestimmt werden können. Der erste Ansatz setzt voraus, dass die Flankenübertragung auf eine Stoßstelle begrenzt ist (oder keine Stoßstelle vorhanden ist, wenn es sich beim das Gerät tragenden Bauteil um das trennende Bauteil handelt), während beim zweiten Ansatz die Kombination des direkten Übertragungswegs (sofern vorhanden) und aller Flankenübertragungswege berücksichtigt wird.
Dieses Dokument enthält Begriffe, allgemeine Anforderungen an zu prüfende Bauteile und Prüfräume sowie Messverfahren. Es werden Anleitungen für die Wahl der zu messenden Größe in Abhängigkeit von der Stoßstelle und den Arten der beteiligten Bauteile gegeben. Andere Teile der ISO 10848 legen die Anwendung für verschiedene Stoßstellenarten und Bauteile fest.
Die die Flankenübertragung charakterisierenden Größen können für den Vergleich unterschiedlicher Produkte oder für die Formulierung einer Anforderung oder als Eingangsdaten für Vorhersageverfahren, wie z. B. ISO 12354-1 und ISO 12354-2, herangezogen werden.

Acoustique - Mesurage en laboratoire et sur site des transmissions latérales du bruit aérien, des bruits de choc et du bruit d'équipement technique de bâtiment entre des pièces adjacentes - Partie 1: Document cadre (ISO 10848-1:2017)

L'ISO 10848 (toutes les parties) spécifie les méthodes de mesure pour la caractérisation des transmissions latérales d'un ou de plusieurs éléments de construction. Ces mesurages sont effectués en laboratoire d'essai ou sur site.
Les performances des éléments de construction sont exprimées en tant que grandeur globale pour la combinaison des éléments et de la jonction (telle que l'isolement latéral normalisé et/ou le niveau de bruit de choc latéral normalisé) ou en tant qu'indice d'affaiblissement vibratoire d'une jonction ou d'isolement vibratoire bidirectionnel normalisé d'une jonction.
Deux grandeurs sont utilisées pour les sources solidiennes dans les bâtiments, un niveau de bruit d'équipement latéral normalisé et une fonction de transmission qui peut être utilisée pour estimer les niveaux de pression acoustique dans une salle de réception dus à l'excitation solidienne par un équipement technique dans une salle d'émission. La première méthode suppose que les transmissions latérales sont limitées à une jonction (ou aucune jonction si l'élément supportant l'équipement est l'élément de séparation), et la seconde considère la combinaison du chemin de transmission direct (le cas échéant) et de tous les chemins de transmission latéraux.
ISO 10848-1:2017 comprend les définitions, les exigences générales relatives aux éléments et aux salles d'essai, ainsi que les méthodes de mesure. Des lignes directrices sont données pour la sélection de la grandeur à mesurer, en fonction de la jonction et des types d'éléments de construction impliqués. Les autres parties de l'ISO 10848 spécifient l'application aux différents types d'éléments de jonction et de construction.
Les grandeurs caractérisant la transmission latérale peuvent être utilisées pour comparer différents produits, pour exprimer une exigence ou comme données d'entrée des méthodes de prévision telles que l'ISO 12354‑1 et l'ISO 12354‑2.

Akustika - Laboratorijsko in terensko merjenje bočnega prenosa zvoka v zraku, udarnega zvoka in zvoka v gradbenih elementih servisne opreme med mejnimi prostori - 1. del: Okvirni dokument (ISO 10848-1:2017)

ISO 10848 (vsi deli) določa merilne metode za opredelitev bočnega prenosa pri enem ali več sestavnih delih stavb. Te meritve se izvajajo v preskusnih laboratorijih ali na terenu.
Učinkovitost sestavnih delov stavb je izražena kot skupna količina za kombinacijo elementov in spoja (na primer normirana razlika v ravni zvoka pri bočnem prenosu zvoka in/ali normirana raven tlaka udarnega zvoka pri bočnem prenosu) oziroma kot faktor dušenja vibracij spoja ali normirana smerno povprečna razlika v ravni vibracij spoja.
Za vire strukturnega zvoka v stavbah se uporabljata dva pristopa: normirani zvočni tlak opreme pri bočnem prenosu in funkcija prenosa, ki se lahko uporablja za ocenjevanje ravni zvočnega tlaka v sprejemnem prostoru zaradi strukturnega vzbujanja, ki ga povzroča servisna oprema v prostoru
z virom. Prvi pristop predpostavlja, da je bočni prenos omejen na en spoj (ali ni omejen na nobenega, če je element, ki podpira opremo, ločevalni element), drugi pa upošteva kombinacijo neposredne prenosne poti (če ta obstaja) in bočnih prenosnih poti.
Ta dokument vsebuje definicije, splošne zahteve za preskusne elemente in preskusne prostore ter merilne metode. Podaja smernice za izbiro merjene količine glede na spoj in vrsto stavbnih elementov. Drugi deli standarda ISO 10848 opredeljujejo uporabo različnih vrst spojev in stavbnih elementov.
Količine, ki opisujejo bočni prenos, se lahko uporabijo za primerjavo različnih izdelkov,
za izražanje zahteve ali kot vhodni podatki za metode napovedovanja (npr. ISO 12354-1 in ISO 12354-2).

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 24-Oct-2017
• Withdrawal Date: 29-Apr-2018
• ICS: 91.120.20 - Acoustics in building. Sound insulation
• Technical Committee: CEN/TC 126 - Acoustic properties of building products and of buildings
• Drafting Committee: CEN/TC 126/WG 6 - Laboratory measurement of the flanking transmission
• Current Stage: 6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
• Start Date: 25-Oct-2017
• Completion Date: 25-Oct-2017
• Directive: 305/2011 - Regulation (eu) No 305/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 march 2011 laying down harmonised conditions for the marketing of construction products and repealing council directive 89/106/eec
• Directive: 93/68/EEC - Council Directive amending Dir. 87/404/EEC (simple pressure vessels), 88/378/EEC (safety of toys), 89/106/EEC (construction products), 89/336/EEC (electromagnetic compatibility), 89/392/EEC (machinery), 89/686/EEC (personal protective equipment), 90/384/EEC (automatic weighing instruments), 90/385/EEC (active implantable medicinal devices), 90/396/EEC (appliances burning gaseous fuels), 91/263/EEC (telecommunications terminal equipment), 92/42/EEC and 73/23/EEC
• Ref Project: SIST EN ISO 10848-1:2018 - Acoustics - Laboratory and field measurement of flanking transmission for airborne, impact and building service equipment sound between adjoining rooms - Part 1: Frame document (ISO 10848-1:2017)

Relations

• Replaces: EN ISO 10848-1:2006 - Acoustics - Laboratory measurement of the flanking transmission of airborne and impact sound between adjoining rooms - Part 1: Frame document (ISO 10848-1:2006)
• Effective Date: 08-Nov-2017

Overview

EN ISO 10848-1:2017 - Acoustics - provides the frame document for laboratory and field measurement of flanking transmission of airborne, impact and building service equipment sound between adjoining rooms. Published by CEN as the European adoption of ISO 10848-1:2017, this part defines terms, general requirements for test elements and rooms, and the measurement methods and selection guidelines used across the ISO 10848 series. Measurements quantify how sound bypasses separating elements via junctions and secondary paths in buildings.

Key topics and technical requirements

• Scope: Measurement methods for characterizing flanking transmission in both laboratory test facilities and field (on-site) situations.
• Quantities defined: normalized flanking level difference (D_n,f), normalized flanking impact sound pressure level (L_n,f), normalized flanking equipment sound pressure level (L_ne0,f), vibration reduction index (K_ij) and normalized direction-average vibration level difference (D_v,ij,n).
• Structure-borne sound approaches: two methods for building service equipment - (1) a normalized equipment sound pressure level assuming flanking limited to one junction, and (2) a transmission function covering direct plus all flanking paths to estimate receiving-room sound from structure-borne excitation.
• Test requirements: definitions and general requirements for test elements, test rooms, instrumentation verification, generation of excitation (acoustic or vibration), measurement of sound pressure levels and reverberation times, and procedures for Type A/B element junctions.
• Reporting: expression of results suitable for product comparison, specification limits or as input to prediction models.
• Additions in 2017 edition: extension to field measurements and building service equipment, new vibration metrics, methods for assessing vibration decay with distance, and calibrated structure-borne source guidance.

Applications and users

• Who uses it: building acoustics consultants, accredited test laboratories, manufacturers of walls/floors and building equipment (HVAC, pumps), building designers, specifiers, and regulators concerned with sound insulation and compliance.
• Practical uses:
  • Compare product flanking performance and certify acoustic properties.
  • Define contractual or regulatory performance requirements for separating elements and junctions.
  • Provide input data for acoustic prediction and design (e.g., for assessing sound transfer in multi-unit housing or commercial buildings).
  • Estimate receiving-room sound levels due to structure-borne excitation from equipment using measured transmission functions.

Related standards

• ISO 10848 (all parts) - other parts cover specific junctions and element types.
• ISO 12354-1 and ISO 12354-2 - prediction methods that can use ISO 10848 measurement results as input.

Keywords: EN ISO 10848-1, ISO 10848-1:2017, flanking transmission, building acoustics, laboratory measurement, field measurement, airborne sound, impact sound, building service equipment, vibration reduction index, transmission function.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2018
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 10848-1:2006
$NXVWLND/DERUDWRULMVNRLQWHUHQVNRPHUMHQMHERþQHJDSUHQRVD]YRNDY]UDNX
XGDUQHJD]YRNDLQ]YRNDYJUDGEHQLKHOHPHQWLKVHUYLVQHRSUHPHPHGPHMQLPL
SURVWRULGHO2NYLUQLGRNXPHQW,62
Acoustics - Laboratory and field measurement of flanking transmission for airborne,
impact and building service equipment sound between adjoining rooms - Part 1: Frame
document (ISO 10848-1:2017)
Akustik - Messung der Flankenübertragung von Luftschall, Trittschall und Schall von
Gebäudetechnischen Anlagen zwischen benachbarten Räumen im Prüfstand und am
Bau - Teil 1: Rahmendokument (ISO 10848-1:2017)
Acoustique - Mesurage en laboratoire des transmissions latérales du bruit aérien et des
bruits de choc entre des pièces adjacentes - Partie 1: Document cadre (ISO 10848-
1:2017)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 10848-1:2017
ICS:
17.140.01 $NXVWLþQDPHUMHQMDLQ Acoustic measurements and
EODåHQMHKUXSDQDVSORãQR noise abatement in general
91.120.20 $NXVWLNDYVWDYEDK=YRþQD Acoustics in building. Sound
L]RODFLMD insulation
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 10848-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2017
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.120.20 Supersedes EN ISO 10848-1:2006
English Version
Acoustics - Laboratory and field measurement of flanking
transmission for airborne, impact and building service
equipment sound between adjoining rooms - Part 1:
Frame document (ISO 10848-1:2017)
Acoustique - Mesurage en laboratoire et sur site des Akustik - Messung der Flankenübertragung von
transmissions latérales du bruit aérien, des bruits de Luftschall, Trittschall und Schall von
choc et du bruit d'équipement technique de bâtiment Gebäudetechnischen Anlagen zwischen benachbarten
entre des pièces adjacentes - Partie 1: Document cadre Räumen im Prüfstand und am Bau - Teil 1:
(ISO 10848-1:2017) Rahmendokument (ISO 10848-1:2017)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 August 2017.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2017 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 10848-1:2017 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 10848-1:2017) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 43
"Acoustics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 126 “Acoustic properties of building
elements and of buildings” the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by April 2018 and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by April 2018.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 10848-1:2006.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 10848-1:2017 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 10848-1:2017 without any
modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 10848-1
Second edition
2017-09
Acoustics — Laboratory and field
measurement of flanking transmission
for airborne, impact and building
service equipment sound between
adjoining rooms —
Part 1:
Frame document
Acoustique — Mesurage en laboratoire et sur site des transmissions
latérales du bruit aérien, des bruits de choc et du bruit d'équipement
technique de bâtiment entre des pièces adjacentes —
Partie 1: Document cadre
Reference number
ISO 10848-1:2017(E)
©
ISO 2017
ISO 10848-1:2017(E)
© ISO 2017, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
[e-mail]
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 10848-1:2017(E)
Contents  Page
Foreword .v
1  Scope . 1
2  Normative references . 1
3  Terms and definitions . 2
4  Quantities to characterize flanking transmission . 7
4.1 General . 7
4.2 Normalized flanking level difference, D , normalized flanking impact sound
n,f
pressure level, L ,and normalized flanking equipment sound pressure level, L .
n,f ne0,f 8
4.2.1 General. 8
4.2.2 D estimated from measurements of D .
v,ij,n n,f 8
4.3 Vibration reduction index, K .
ij 8
4.3.1 General. 8
4.3.2 K for combinations of Type A and B elements . 9
ij
4.3.3 Strong coupling between Type A elements. 9
4.4 Normalized direction-average vibration level difference, D .
v,ij,n
4.4.1 General. 9
4.5 Selection of the measurement method .10
5  Instrumentation .10
5.1 General .10
5.2 Verification .11
6  General requirements for test facility and test elements .11
6.1 Laboratory .11
6.2 Field .14
7  Measurement methods .14
7.1 Measurement of D , L and L .
n,f n,f ne0,f 14
7.1.1 Generation of sound field in the source room .14
7.1.2 Measurement of the average sound pressure level .16
7.1.3 Measurement of reverberation time and evaluation of the equivalent
sound absorption area .18
7.2 Measurement of K and D .
ij
v,ij,n
7.2.1 General aspects for K .
ij 18
7.2.2 General aspects for D .
v,ij,n
7.2.3 Vibration measurement .19
7.2.4 Generation of vibration on the source element.20
7.2.5 Procedure for Type A and B elements .20
7.2.6 Steady-state excitation .21
7.2.7 Transient excitation.22
7.3 Measurement of the structural reverberation time for Type A elements .22
7.3.1 General.22
7.3.2 Excitation of the test element .22
7.3.3 Measurement and excitation positions .23
7.3.4 Evaluation of the decay curves .23
7.3.5 Lower limits for reliable results caused by filter and detector .24
7.4 Frequency range of measurement .24
8  Influences from other parts of the test facility or the building construction in the
field situation .24
8.1 Laboratory installations of test junctions .24
ISO 10848-1:2017(E)
8.2 Criterion to assess flanking transmission for junctions comprised of Type A elements .25
8.2.1 General.25
8.2.2 Practical considerations .25
8.3 Verification procedure for a Type B flanking element that is structurally
independent of a separating element .25
9  Shielding.26
10  Expression of results .26
Annex A (normative) Assessing the decrease in vibration level with distance .28
Annex B (normative) Calibrated structure-borne sound source .30
Bibliography .34
iv © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 10848-1:2017(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received (see www.iso.org/patents).
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the voluntary nature of standards, the meaning of ISO specific terms and
expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO's adherence to the
World Trade Organization (WTO) principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following
URL: www.iso.org/iso/foreword.html.
This document was prepared by ISO/TC 43, Acoustics, Subcommittee SC 2, Building acoustics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10848-1:2006), which has been
technically revised with the following changes:
a) extension to field measurements;
b) extension to building service equipment;
c) normalized direction-averaged vibration level difference for junctions between lightweight
elements has been introduced;
d) an assessment method for the decrease in vibration level with distance has been introduced;
e) transmission function measurements with a calibrated structure-borne sound source has been
introduced;
f) definitions of element types A and B to avoid issues with the terms “heavy” and “light” have
been added.
A list of all the parts in the ISO 10848 series can be found on the ISO website.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10848-1:2017(E)
Acoustics — Laboratory and field measurement of flanking
transmission for airborne, impact and building service
equipment sound between adjoining rooms —
Part 1:
Frame document
1  Scope
ISO 10848 (all parts) specifies measurement methods to characterize the flanking transmission of one
or several building components. These measurements are performed in a laboratory test facility or in
the field.
The performance of the building components is expressed either as an overall quantity for the
combination of elements and junction (such as the normalized flanking level difference and/or
normalized flanking impact sound pressure level) or as the vibration reduction index of a junction or
the normalized direction-average vibration level difference of a junction.
Two approaches are used for structure-borne sound sources in buildings, a normalized flanking
equipment sound pressure level and a transmission function that can be used to estimate sound
pressure levels in a receiving room due to structure-borne excitation by service equipment in a source
room. The former approach assumes that flanking transmission is limited to one junction (or no
junction if the element supporting the equipment is the separating element), and the latter considers
the combination of direct (if any) and all flanking transmission paths.
This document contains definitions, general requirements for test elements and test rooms, and
measurement methods. Guidelines are given for the selection of the quantity to be measured, depending
on the junction and the types of building elements involved. Other parts of ISO 10848 specify the
application for different types of junction and building elements.
The quantities characterizing the flanking transmission can be used to compare different products, or
to express a requirement, or as input data for prediction methods, such as ISO 12354-1 and ISO 12354-2.
2  Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
ISO 717-1, Acoustics — Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 1: Airborne
sound insulation
ISO 717-2, Acoustics — Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements — Part 2: Impact
sound insulation
ISO 3382-2, Acoustics — Measurement of room acoustic parameters — Part 2: Reverberation time in
ordinary rooms
ISO 7626-1, Mechanical vibration and shock — Experimental determination of mechanical mobility —
Part 1: Basic terms and definitions, and transducer specifications
ISO 7626-5, Vibration and shock — Experimental determination of mechanical mobility — Part 5:
Measurements using impact excitation with an exciter which is not attached to the structure
ISO 10848-1:2017(E)
ISO 10140-4:2010, Acoustics — Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements —
Part 4: Measurement procedures and requirements
ISO 10140-5:2010, Acoustics — Laboratory measurement of sound insulation of building elements —
Part 5: Requirements for test facilities and equipment
IEC 61183, Electroacoustics—Random-incidence and diffuse-field calibration of sound level meters
IEC 61260 (all parts), Electroacoustics — Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters
IEC 61672-1, Electroacoustics — Sound level meters elements — Part 1: Specifications
3  Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
average sound pressure level in a room
L
ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the space and time average of the sound pressure
squared to the square of the reference sound pressure, the space average being taken over the entire
room with the exception of those parts where the direct radiation of a sound source or the near field of
the boundaries (walls, etc.) is of significant influence
Note 1 to entry: This quantity is expressed in decibels.
Note 2 to entry: If a continuously moving microphone is used, L is determined as follows:
T
 m 
pt dt
()
 
∫
T
m
 
L =10lg
 
p
 
 
3.2
normalized flanking level difference
D
n,f
difference in the space and time averaged sound pressure level produced in two rooms by one or more
sound sources in one of them, when the transmission only occurs through a specified flanking path and
the result is normalized to an equivalent sound absorption area in the receiving room as follows:
A
DL=−L −10lg
n,f 12
A
where
L is the average sound pressure level in the source room, in dB;
L is the average sound pressure level in the receiving room, in dB;
A is the equivalent sound absorption area in the receiving room, in m ;
2 2
A is the reference equivalent sound absorption area, in m ; A = 10 m
0 0
Note 1 to entry: This quantity is expressed in decibels.
2 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 10848-1:2017(E)
Note 2 to entry: For clarity, the term D is used when only one flanking path determines the sound transmission
n,f
(such as with suspended ceilings) and the term D is used when only one specified transmission path ij out
n,f,ij
of several paths is considered (such as with structure-borne sound transmission on junctions of three or four
connected elements).
3.3
normalized flanking impact sound pressure level
L
n,f
space and time averaged sound pressure level in the receiving room produced by a tapping machine
operating at different positions on a tested element (floor) in the source room, when the transmission
only occurs through a specified flanking path and the result is normalized to an equivalent sound
absorption area, in the receiving room and is expressed as follows:
A
LL=+10lg
n,f 2
A
where
L is the average sound pressure level in the receiving room, in dB;
A is the equivalent sound absorption area in the receiving room, in m ;
2 2
A is the reference equivalent sound absorption area, in m ; A = 10 m
0 0
Note 1 to entry: This quantity is expressed in decibels.
Note 2 to entry: For clarity, the term L is used when only one flanking path determines the sound transmission
n,f
(such as with access floors) and the term L is used when only one specified transmission path ij out of several
n,f,ij
paths is considered (such as with structure-borne sound transmission on junctions of three or four connected
elements).
3.4
normalized flanking equipment sound pressure level
L
ne0,f
space and time averaged sound pressure level in the receiving room produced by a structure-borne
sound source injecting a unit power (1 W) at different positions on a tested element in the source room,
when the transmission only occurs through a specified flanking path and the result is normalized to an
equivalent sound absorption area in the receiving room and is expressed as follows:
A
LL=+10lg
ne0,fe2
A
where
L is the average sound pressure level in the receiving room with a structure-borne sound source
2e
injecting 1 W into the tested element, in dB;
A is the equivalent sound absorption area in the receiving room, in m ;
2 2
A is the reference equivalent sound absorption area, in m ; A = 10 m
0 0
Note 1 to entry: This quantity is expressed in decibels.
Note 2 to entry: For clarity, the term L is used when only one flanking path determines the sound
ne0,f
transmission (such as with equipment installed on access floors or light façades) and the term L is used
ne0,f,ij
when only one specified transmission path ij out of several paths is considered (such as with structure-borne
sound transmission on junctions of three or four connected elements).
Note 3 to entry: The sound pressure level generated by any equipment, L , can be approximated when the
ne,f,equip
equipment has been characterized using EN 15657 and its averaged installed power L has been determined
W,equip
from the spatial average single equivalent mobility of the supporting element as described in EN 15657:2009, C.3
and using EN 15657 to give the installed power from the equipment and receiver characteristics.
ISO 10848-1:2017(E)
3.5
transmission function for excitation position k
D
TF,k
difference between the space and time averaged sound pressure level in the receiving room and the
structure-borne sound power level for a source at excitation position k on the source element as follows:
DL=−L
TF,akkv, W,k
where
−5
L is the average sound pressure level in the receiving room, in dB, referenced to 2 × 10 Pa;
av,k
−12
L is the structure-borne sound power level, in dB, referenced to 10 W.
W,k
Note 1 to entry: This quantity is expressed in decibels.
[25]
Note 2 to entry: The transmission function is specific to the building in which it is measured and quantifies
the combination of all the transmission paths from the power injected at a source position on an element to a
spatial average sound pressure level in a receiving room in a building. In some cases, the transmission function
will only correspond to the combination of all the flanking paths, but in some situations, it will be a combination
of the direct transmission path and all the flanking paths. The building could either be a laboratory set-up (such
as a flanking laboratory with wall and/or floor junctions) or an actual building.
3.6
spatial average transmission function
D
TF,av
average transmission function from K excitation positions on the source element as follows:
K
D /10
 
TF,k
∑
 
k=1
D =10lg
TF,av  
K
 
 
3.7
normalized spatial average transmission function
D
TF,av,n
spatial average transmission function (3.6) which is normalized to an equivalent sound absorption area
in the receiving room that is calculated as follows:
A
DD=+10lg
TF,av,nTF,av
A
Note 1 to entry: This quantity is expressed in decibels.
Note 2 to entry: Normalized transmission functions can be used in the following ways:
a) to assess the accuracy of prediction models such as ISO 12354-1 or ISO 12354-2 which consider a limited
number of flanking transmission paths that are either measured according to ISO 10848 (all parts), or
estimated according to ISO 12354-1 or ISO 12354-2;
b) to create databases of average transmission functions as a simplified prediction tool for different
building types;
c) to determine the optimum position for service equipment in an existing building.
3.8
structural reverberation time
T
s
time that would be required for the velocity or acceleration level in a structure to decrease by 60 dB
after the structure-borne sound source has stopped
Note 1 to entry: This quantity is expressed in seconds.
4 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 10848-1:2017(E)
Note 2 to entry: The definition of T with a decrease by 60 dB of the velocity or acceleration level in a structure
s
can be fulfilled by linear extrapolation of shorter evaluation ranges.
3.9
average velocity level
L
v
ten times the common logarithm of the ratio of the time and space averaged mean-square normal
velocity of an element to the squared reference velocity as follows:
T
 m 
vt dt
()
 
∫
T
m
 
L =10lg
v
 
v
 
 
−9
where v is the reference velocity, in m/s; v = 1 × 10 m/s
0 0
Note 1 to entry: This quantity is expressed in decibels.
−9
Note 2 to entry: The reference velocity preferred in ISO 1683 is 1 × 10 m/s, although a common reference value
−8
in some countries is still v = 5 × 10 m/s.
Note 3 to entry: Instead of the average velocity level, the average acceleration level L can be measured. The
a
−6 2
reference acceleration preferred in ISO 1683 is 1 × 10 m/s .
3.10
velocity level difference
D
v,ij
difference between the average velocity level (3.9) of an element i and that of an element j, when only the
element i is excited (airborne or structure-borne)
Note 1 to entry: This quantity is expressed in decibels.
3.11
direction-averaged velocity level difference
D
v,ij
arithmetic average of D and D as defined as follows:
v,ij v,ji
DD=+D
()
v,ij v,ij v,ji
where
D is the difference between the average velocity level (3.9) of an element i and that of an ele-
v,ij
ment j, when only the element i is excited, in dB;
D is the difference between the average velocity level of an element j and that of an element i,
v,ji
when only the element j is excited, in dB.
Note 1 to entry: This quantity is expressed in decibels.
3.12
equivalent absorption length of an element
a
j
ISO 10848-1:2017(E)
length of a fictional totally-absorbing junction of an element j when the critical frequency is assumed
to be 1 000 Hz, giving the same losses as the total losses of the element j in a given situation as follows:
22, π S
j
a =
j
f
Tc
s,j 0
f
ref
where
T is the structural reverberation time (3.8) of the element j, in s;
s,j
S is the surface area of the element j, in m ;
j
c is the speed of sound in air, in m/s;
f is the frequency, in Hz;
f is the reference frequency, in Hz ( f = 1 000 Hz).
ref ref
Note 1 to entry: This quantity is expressed in metres.
3.13
vibration reduction index
K
ij
direction-averaged velocity level difference (3.11) between two elements across a junction that is
normalised to the junction length and the equivalent sound absorption length of both elements as
follows:
 
l
ij
 
KD=+10lg
ij v,ij
 
aa
ij
 
where
is the direction-averaged velocity level difference between elements i and j, in dB;
D
v,ij
l is the junction length between elements i and j, in m;
ij
a , a are the equivalent absorption lengths of elements i and j, in m.
i j
Note 1 to entry: This quantity is expressed in decibels.
Note 2 to entry: K can be obtained from measurements of the velocity level difference (3.10) in both directions
ij
across the junction and the structural reverberation time (3.8) of the two elements i and j.
3.14
normalized direction-average vibration level difference
D
v,,ij n
difference in velocity level between elements i and j, averaged over the excitation from i and excitation
from j, and normalized to the junction length and the measurement areas on both elements as follows:
 
ll
ij 0
 
DD=+10lg
v,,ij nv,ij
 
SS
m,ijm,
 
where
6 © ISO 2017 – All rights reserved

ISO 10848-1:2017(E)
l is the reference length, in m; l = 1 m;
0 0
S is the area of element i over which the velocity is measured, in m ;
m,i
S is the area of element j over which the velocity is measured, in m .
m,j
Note 1 to entry: This quantity is expressed in decibels.
3.15
Type A element
element with a structural reverberation time (3.8) that is primarily determined by the connected
elements (up to at least the 1 000 Hz one-third octave band) and a decrease in vibration level of less than
6dB across the element in the direction perpendicular to the junction line (up to at least the 1 000 Hz
one-third octave band)
Note 1 to entry: Examples include cast in situ concrete, solid wood (including cross laminated timber panels),
glass, plastic, metal, bricks/blocks/slabs with a finish/topping (e.g. plaster, parge coat, screed, concrete) that
mechanically connects them together.
Note 2 to entry: An element may only be defined as Type A over part or parts of the frequency range. For example,
some masonry walls can be Type A elements in the low-frequency and mid-frequency ranges and a Type B element
[15]
(3.16) in the high-frequency range .
3.16
Type B element
element that is not a Type A element (3.15)
Note 1 to entry: Examples typically include plasterboard/timber cladding on timber or metal frames.
Note 2 to entry: An element may only be defined as Type B over part or parts of the frequency range. For example,
some masonry walls can be Type A elements in the low-frequency and mid-frequency ranges and a Type B
[15]
element in the high-frequency range .
4  Quantities to characterize flanking transmission
4.1  General
Flanking transmission by coupled elements and junctions is characterized in the following ways:
— by vibration transmission across a junction using K for Type A elements or combinations of Type A
ij
and B elements;
— by vibration transmission across a junction using D for Type B elements;
v,ij,n
— by an overall transmission quantity for a specified flanking path (D , L or L ) for Type B
n,f n,f ne0,f
elements.
Each of these quantities has its own restrictions and field of application.
The vibration reduction index is related to the normalized flanking level difference using Formula (1):
   
aa SS
RR+
ij ij
ij
   
KD=− −10lg +10lg (1)
ij n,f
2  l   A 
ij 0
   
where R and R only correspond to resonant transmission for elements i and j, hence R and R measured
i j i j
according to ISO 10140-2 or ISO 15186-1 shall be corrected before they can be inserted in Formula (1)
because they include forced transmission. ISO 12354-1 indicates how to correct the measured sound
reduction index to remove the forced transmission.
ISO 10848-1:2017(E)
The normalized flanking level difference can be calculated from the acoustic performance of the
elements using Formula (2):
RR+  
A
ij
D = ++ΔΔRR ++D 10lg  (2)
n,fvij ,nij,
 
2 ll
0 ij
 
NOTE This relationship can be used to check the consistency of D and D measurements from
n,f
v,ij,n
ISO 10848-3 for Type B elements where the junction has a substantial influence.
4.2  Normalized flanking level difference, D , normalized flanking impact sound
n,f
pressure level, L ,and normalized flanking equipment sound pressure level, L
n,f ne0,f
4.2.1  General
D , L and L characterize the flanking transmission over an element in the source room and an
n,f n,f ne0,f
element in the receiving room, including the sound radiation in the receiving room. D , L and L
n,f n,f ne0,f
depend upon the dimensions of the elements involved. D is measured with airborne excitation, L is
n,f n,f
measured with a standard tapping machine and L is measured according to 7.1.1.3.
ne0,f
4.2.2 D  estimated from measurements of D
v,ij,n n,f
When D is measured for junctions of only Type B elements, D can be estimated from D using
n,f n,f
v,ij,n
Formula (3):
RR+  
A
ij
D = ++ΔΔRR ++D 10lg  (3)
n,fvij ,nij,
 
2 ll
0 ij
 
4.3  Vibration reduction index, K
ij
4.3.1  General
The vibration reduction index K is defined in ISO 12354-1 and ISO 12354-2 as a situation invariant
ij
quantity to characterize a junction between elements. K is measured with structure-borne excitation
ij
and is determined according to Formula (14) which is based on power transmission considerations as
a simplification of Statistical Energy Analysis (SEA). This implies that the following assumptions of
classical SEA are met:
— the coupling between i and j is weak;
— the vibration fields in the elements are diffuse.
K might not be relevant and might not be situation-invariant in the following cases:
ij
a) elements that are strongly coupled, such that the individual elements cannot be considered as SEA
subsystems (see 4.3.3);
b) elements where the vibration field cannot be considered as reverberant due to a significant
decrease in vibration level with distance across the element, for example, due to high internal
losses or periodicity in the structure. This shall be assessed using Annex A;
c) low modal overlap factors or low mode counts (see ISO 10848-4:2017, 6.3.1 for Type A elements).
The above limitations can be used to identify the frequency range where measurements are applicable
to ISO 12354 and indicate potential issues with the accuracy of the measurement results.
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ISO 10848-1:2017(E)
4.3.2 K for combinations of Type A and B elements
ij
The formula in 3.13 can be used for combinations of Type A and B elements by replacing the absorption
length of the Type B element(s) with its surface area.
4.3.3  Strong coupling between Type A elements
The measured value of K may not be relevant due to strong coupling, if the condition in Formula (4) is
ij
not satisfied:
 mf 
ijc
D ≥−31dB 0lg  (4)
v,ij
 
mf
jic
 
where
m , m are the masses per unit area of the elements, in kg/m ;
i j
f , f are the critical frequencies of the elements, in Hz.
ci cj
If Formula (4) is not satisfied in the laboratory situation, it might be possible to increase the total
damping by adding damping material to the edges of the elements or by connecting the elements to
other structural elements.
NOTE Connecting test elements to other structural elements increases the likelihood of unwanted flanking
[16]
transmission via structure-borne paths affecting the measurement and therefore the measurement will not
be situation invariant because it will include many additional flanking paths. This is a particular issue with in
situ measurements.
For homogeneous and isotropic elements, f can be calculated by Formula (5):
c
c
f = (5)
c
18, hc
L
where
c is the speed of sound in air, in m/s;
c is the longitudinal wave speed, in m/s;
L
h is the thickness, in m.
For some elements, f can be estimated by identifying the dip in the sound reduction index curve.
c
For orthotropic plates, there are two critical frequencies, f and f , in the x-directions and y-directions
c,x c,y
respectively; hence, an effective critical frequency of the element can be calculated using Formula (6):
ff= f (6)
cc,x c,y
4.4  Normalized direction-average vibration level difference, D
v,ij,n
4.4.1  General
For Type B elements, the use of K is no longer valid due to the existence of non-uniform vibration fields;
ij
[17,18]
however, the use of vibration level difference as a descriptor is still appropriate. Compared to
Type A elements which are rigidly connected, Type B elements often have significantly higher vibration
level differences that are frequency-dependent.
ISO 10848-1:2017(E)
The existence of unwanted airborne and structure-borne flanking paths will limit the possibility to
quantify this transmission path in both the laboratory and the field.
4.5  Selection of the measurement method
The different possibilities mentioned below are summarized in Table 1 according to the types of
junction and elements.
Table 1 — Different measurement methods according to the types of junction and test elements
D and/or L and/or
n,f n,f
Type of junction K
ij D
a
v,,ij n
L
ne0,f
Type A elements Not applicable Applicable if flanking Not applicable
transmission along paths
Laboratory and field
other than ij is suppressed
(see ISO 10848-4)
b
or insignificant
Type B elements where the Applicable after Not applicable Not applicable
junction has verification (see 8.3)
a small influence
Laboratory only
(see ISO 10848-2)
Type B elements where the Applicable after shielding Not applicable Applicable if transmission
junction has a substantial and possible indirect path other than ij is
influence suppressed or
determination of D
v,,ij n
b
insignificant
Laboratory and field
(see ISO 10848-3)
Combination of Type A and Not applicable Applicable if flanking Not applicable
Type B elements transmission along paths
other than ij is suppressed
Laboratory and field
b
or insignificant
(see ISO 10848-4)
a
Shielding is not necessary in the source room for measurement of L and L .
n,f ne0,f
b
Field measurements are allowed.
5  Instrumentation
5.1  General
The loudspeaker shall fulfil the requirements on directivity given in ISO 10140-5:2010, Annex D.
The standard tapping machine shall meet the requirements given in ISO 10140-5:2010, Annex E.
If used, the instruments for measuring sound pressure levels, including microphone(s), as well as
cable(s), windscreen(s), recording devices and other accessories, shall meet the requirements for a class
1 instrument according to IEC 61672-1 for random incidence application.
Specifications and calibration of the vibration tran
...