EN 16602-70-09:2015

Space product assurance - Measurements of thermo-optical properties of thermal control materials

This Standard describes the methodology, instruments, equipment and samples, used to calculate the thermo-optical properties of thermal-control materials. The following test methods are detailed in this Standard including the configuration of samples and calculations: - Solar absorptance using spectrometer (s) - (see Annex C.2). - Comparative test method (p) - (see Annex C.3). - Infrared emittance using thermal test method (h) - (see Annex C.4). - Infrared emittance using IR spectrometer (h) - (see annex C.5). - Infrared emittance using portable equipment (n) - (see Annex C.6). This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristics and constraints of a space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00.

Raumfahrtproduktsicherung - Messung der thermo-optischen Eigenschaften von Materialien zur Thermalkontrolle

Assurance produit des projets spatiaux - Mesures des propriétés thermo-optiques des matériaux de contrôle thermique

Zagotavljanje varnih proizvodov v vesoljski tehniki - Merjenje termooptičnih lastnosti materialov za termalno kontrolo

Ta standard opisuje metodologijo, instrumente, opremo in vzorce, ki se uporabljajo za izračun termo-optičnih lastnosti materialov za toplotni nadzor. Naslednje preskusne metode so podrobno opisane v tem standardu, vključno s konfiguriranjem vzorcev in izračuni: – sončna absorptanca z uporabo spektrometra (s) – (glej dodatek C.2); – primerjalna preskusna metoda (p) – (glej dodatek C.3); – infrardeča emisivnost z uporabo toplotne preskusne metode (h) – (glej dodatek C.4); – infrardeča emisivnost z uporabo infrardečega spektrometra (h) – (glej dodatek C.5); – infrardeča emisivnost z uporabo prenosne opreme (h) – (glej dodatek C.6). Ta standard se lahko prilagodi posameznim lastnostim in omejitvam vesoljskega projekta v skladu s standardom ECSS-S-ST-00.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 27-Jan-2015
• Withdrawal Date: 30-Jul-2015
• ICS: 49.140 - Space systems and operations
• Technical Committee: CEN/CLC/TC 5 - Space
• Drafting Committee: CEN/CLC/TC 5 - Space
• Current Stage: 9093 - Decision to confirm - Review Enquiry
• Start Date: 13-Jan-2021
• Completion Date: 14-Apr-2025
• Mandate: M/496 - Mandate addressed to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI to develop standardisation regarding space industry (Phase 3 of the process)
• Ref Project: SIST EN 16602-70-09:2015 - Space product assurance - Measurements of thermo-optical properties of thermal control materials

Overview

EN 16602-70-09:2015 (CEN) - Space product assurance - Measurements of thermo‑optical properties of thermal control materials - defines standardized methods to measure the thermo‑optical properties used in spacecraft thermal design. The standard describes the methodology, instruments, equipment and sample configuration required to determine solar absorptance and infrared emittance for thermal‑control materials. It originates from ECSS‑Q‑ST‑70‑09 and can be tailored to project constraints in conformance with ECSS‑S‑ST‑00.

Key topics and requirements

• Measured properties
  • Solar absorptance using a spectrometer (αs) and a comparative (portable) method (αp).
  • Infrared emittance measured by thermal test methods (εh), IR spectrometer (εh), and portable equipment (εn).
• Test methods and documentation
  • Detailed procedures and sample configurations are provided (see Annex C for test methods and calculations).
  • Calculations and reporting formats are specified to ensure traceable results.
• Sample preparation and handling
  • Samples must be prepared per the process specification or manufacturer data and be representative of batch variance.
  • Cleaning and handling must match flight‑hardware procedures; contamination (e.g., finger grease) invalidates results.
  • Use clean nylon or lint‑free gloves for handling and store samples in controlled cleanliness; the standard specifies storage conditions (for example, around 20 ± 3 °C and controlled relative humidity).
• Facilities and quality assurance
  • Work areas must be kept clean with filtered ventilation to prevent contamination.
  • The standard requires calibration, data quality assurance, and periodic audits/reviews of measurement equipment and systems.
• Traceability and tailoring
  • Results and test reports follow normative annex templates; the standard may be tailored to project needs while conforming to ECSS requirements.

Applications and users

• Primary users
  • Spacecraft thermal engineers and system designers who need validated thermo‑optical property data for thermal models.
  • Materials suppliers and manufacturers who must certify coatings, paints, foils and thermal control surfaces for space use.
  • Test laboratories and product assurance teams performing qualification, acceptance, or batch verification tests.
• Practical applications
  • Input data for thermal balance, thermal housekeeping and radiative heat‑transfer calculations.
  • Selection and quality control of thermal control coatings, multi‑layer insulation (MLI), and surface treatments used on satellites, instruments and launch‑vehicle payloads.
  • Verification of material performance after processing, cleaning or environmental exposure.

Related standards

• EN 16601-00-01 / ECSS‑S‑ST‑00‑01 (Glossary)
• EN 16602-10 / ECSS‑Q‑ST‑10 (Product assurance management)
• EN 16602-20-07 / ECSS‑Q‑ST‑20‑07 (Quality assurance for test centres)
• EN 16602-70-02 / ECSS‑Q‑ST‑70‑02 (Thermal vacuum outgassing test for space materials)

Keywords: EN 16602-70-09:2015, thermo‑optical properties, thermal control materials, solar absorptance, infrared emittance, space product assurance, spacecraft thermal design, materials testing, EN standard.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2015
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Space product assurance - Measurements of thermo-optical properties of thermal control
materials
Raumfahrtproduktsicherung - Messung der thermo-optischen Eigenschaften von
Materialien zur Thermalkontrolle
Assurance produit des projets spatiaux - Mesures des propriétés thermo-optiques des
matériaux de contrôle thermique
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 16602-70-09:2015
ICS:
17.200.01 Termodinamika na splošno Thermodynamics in general
49.140 Vesoljski sistemi in operacije Space systems and
operations
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 16602-70-09
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
January 2015
ICS 49.140
English version
Space product assurance - Measurements of thermo-optical
properties of thermal control materials
Assurance produit des projets spatiaux - Mesures des Raumfahrtproduktsicherung - Messung der thermo-
propriétés thermo-optiques des matériaux de contrôle optischen Eigenschaften von Materialien zur
thermique Thermalkontrolle
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 October 2014.

CEN and CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving
this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning
such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN and CENELEC
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN and CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre
has the same status as the official versions.

CEN and CENELEC members are the national standards bodies and national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN/CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16602-70-09:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members and for CENELEC
Members.
Table of contents
Foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 9
3.1 Terms defined in other standards . 9
3.2 Terms specific to the present standard . 9
3.3 Abbreviated terms. 9
4 Requirements . 10
4.1 Preparatory conditions . 10
4.1.1 Hazards, health and safety precautions . 10
4.1.2 Preparation of samples . 10
4.1.3 Facilities . 11
4.2 Selection of test methods. 11
4.3 Quality assurance . 12
4.3.1 Data . 12
4.3.2 Calibration . 12
4.4 Audit of measurement equipment . 12
4.4.1 General . 12
4.4.2 Audit of the system (acceptance) . 13
4.4.3 Annual regular review (maintenance) of the system . 13
4.4.4 Special review . 13
Annex A (normative) Evaluation report of the measurement of thermo-
optical properties of thermal control materials– DRD . 14
A.1 DRD identification . 14
A.1.1 Requirement identification and source document . 14
A.1.2 Purpose and objective . 14
A.2 Expected response . 14
A.2.1 Scope and content . 14
A.2.2 Special remaks . 14
Annex B (normative) Audit / review report for the measurement equipment
of thermo-optical properties of thermal control materials - DRD . 15
B.1 DRD identification . 15
B.1.1 Requirement identification and source document . 15
B.1.2 Purpose and objective . 15
B.2 Expected response . 15
B.2.1 Scope and contents . 15
B.2.2 Special remarks . 15
Annex C (informative) Test methods . 16
C.1 Format . 16
C.2 Solar absorptance using spectrometer (α ) . 16
s
C.2.1 General . 16
C.2.2 Configuration of samples. 16
C.2.3 Test apparatus and setting up . 17
C.2.4 Test process and measurement . 17
C.2.5 Calculation of absorptance . 17
C.3 Comparative test method (α ) . 18
p
C.3.1 General . 18
C.3.2 Configuration of samples. 18
C.3.3 Test apparatus and setting up . 19
C.3.4 Test process and measurement . 19
C.3.5 Calculations . 19
C.4 Infrared emittance using thermal test method (e ) . 20
h
C.4.1 General . 20
C.4.2 Configuration of samples. 20
C.4.3 Test apparatus and setting up . 20
C.4.4 Test process and measurement . 20
C.4.5 Calculations of total hemispherical emittance . 22
C.5 Infrared emittance using IR spectrometer (e ) . 23
h
C.5.1 General . 23
C.5.2 Configuration of samples. 23
C.5.3 Test apparatus and setting up . 23
C.5.4 Test process and measurement . 23
C.5.5 Calculation of emittance . 24
C.6 Infrared emittance using portable equipment (e ) . 24
n
C.6.1 General . 24
C.6.2 Configuration of samples. 24
C.6.3 Test apparatus and setting up . 25
C.6.4 Test process and measurement . 25
C.6.5 Calculation of the normal emittance . 25
Bibliography . 26

Figures
Figure C- 1: Standard sample substrate . 21

Foreword
This document (EN 16602-70-09:2015) has been prepared by Technical
Committee CEN/CLC/TC 5 “Space”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This standard (EN 16602-70-09:2015) originates from ECSS-Q-ST-70-09C.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either
by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by July 2015,
and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by July 2015.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document
may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held
responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a mandate given to CEN by the
European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
This document has been developed to cover specifically space systems and has
therefore precedence over any EN covering the same scope but with a wider
domain of applicability (e.g. : aerospace).
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards
organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European
Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France,
Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
The thermo-optical properties of materials are of importance to enable the
calculation of the thermal housekeeping and radiative heat transfer.
This Standard describes the methodology, instruments, equipment and
samples, used to calculate the thermo-optical properties of thermal-control
materials, i.e. solar absorptance [αs or αp] and the infrared emittance [eh or en].
In general this procedure has been written in connection with instruments and
equipment available at ONERA, INTESPACE and ESTEC; however, any
supplier is encouraged to built up his own instrument or equipment provided
the accuracy of the results is equivalent to the one specified herein.
In this Standard, the supplier is identified as the entity that performs the test.
Scope
This Standard describes the methodology, instruments, equipment and
samples, used to calculate the thermo-optical properties of thermal-control
materials.
The following test methods are detailed in this Standard including the
configuration of samples and calculations:
• Solar absorptance using spectrometer (αs) - (see Annex C.2).
• Comparative test method (αp) - (see Annex C.3).
• Infrared emittance using thermal test method (eh) - (see Annex C.4).
• Infrared emittance using IR spectrometer (eh) - (see annex C.5).
• Infrared emittance using portable equipment (en) - (see Annex C.6).

This standard may be tailored for the specific characteristics and constraints of a
space project in conformance with ECSS-S-ST-00.

Normative references
The following normative documents contain provisions which, through
reference in this text, constitute provisions of this ECSS Standard. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of any of these publications
do not apply. However, parties to agreements based on this ECSS Standard are
encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of
the normative documents indicated below. For undated references the latest
edition of the publication referred to applies.

EN reference Reference in text Title
EN 16601-00-01 ECSS-S-ST-00-01 ECSS system – Glossary of terms
EN 16602-10 ECSS-Q-ST-10 Space product assurance – Product assurance
management
EN 16602-10-09 ECSS-Q-ST-10-09 Space product assurance – Nonconformance control
system
EN 16602-20-07 ECSS-Q-ST-20-07 Space product assurance – Quality assurance for test
centres
EN 16602-70-02 ECSS-Q-ST-70-02 Space product assurance – Thermal vacuum
outgassing test for the screening of space materials

Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms defined in other standards
For the purpose of this Standard, the terms and definitions from
ECSS-S-ST-00-01 apply.
3.2 Terms specific to the present standard
3.2.1 absorptance
ratio of the intensity of the incident light to the transmitted or reflected light
3.2.2 emittance (e)
ratio of the radiant intensity of the specimen to that emitted by a black body
radiator at the same temperature and under the same geometric and
wavelength conditions
NOTE For example:
• Hemispherical emittance (eh) - conditions for
incident or viewing of flux over a hemispherical
region.
• Normal emittance (en) - conditions for incidence
or viewing through a solid angle normal to the
specimen.
3.2.3 solar absorptance (α)
ratio of the solar radiant flux absorbed by a material (or body) to that incident
upon it
NOTE Differentiation is made between two methods:
• Spectroscopic method using a photospectrometer
covering the range from 0,25 mm up to 2,5 mm for
the determination of αs.
• Portable equipment using a xenon flash for
relative measurements (αp).
3.3 Abbreviated terms
The abbreviated terms defined in ECSS-S-ST-00-01 apply.
Requirements
4.1 Preparatory conditions
4.1.1 Hazards, health and safety precautions
a. For “Safety and security” ECSS-Q-ST-20-07C shall apply.
NOTE For example, for hazard and health (safety) and for
access control (security).
4.1.2 Preparation of samples
4.1.2.1 Configuration
a. The supplier shall prepare the material samples according to the process
specification or manufacturer’s data.
b. The material shall be representative of batch variance.
NOTE For example: the application procedure for paint
can result in different thermo-optical properties,
depending on the painter and the type of spray
gun used. This is the reason why the samples are
coated or made at the same time as the workpiece.
4.1.2.2 Cleaning
a. Cleaning method and other treatment of the sample shall be the same
(and not more) as for the flight hardware.
NOTE In particular, solar absorptance properties are very
sensitive to contamination and if the sample or the
flight hardware is contaminated (even by hand
grease), the test results are completely erroneous.
4.1.2.3 Handling and storage
a. The supplier shall handle the samples with clean nylon or lint-free
gloves.
b. The supplier shall store the samples in a cleanliness-controlled area, with
a room temperature of (20 ± 3) °C and relative humidity of (55 ± 10) %.
c. The supplier shall shield coated surfaces from contact by using
polyethylene or polypropylene bags or sheets.
d. The supplier shall avoid mechanical damage of the sample by packing
the polyethylene or polypropylene-wrapped workpieces in clean, dust-
and lint-free material.
e. The supplier shall label limited-life materials with their relative shelf
lives and dates of manufacture.
4.1.2.4 Identification
a. The supplier shall use a completed “Material identification card” in
conformance with DRD in ECSS-Q-ST-70-02 for samples submitted for
testing.
b. The supplier shall verify the existence of a safety data sheet for
hazardous samples
NOTE The safety data sheet is a set of information
provided by the supplier of the chemical
substance.
4.1.3 Facilities
4.1.3.1 Cleanliness
a. The supplier shall keep the work area clean and free of dust.
b. The supplier shall use filters for the air used for ventilation.
NOTE This is to prevent contamination of the sample.
4.1.3.2 Environmental conditions
a. The ambient conditions for the process and work areas shall be
(22 ± 3) °C with a relative humidity of (55 ± 10) % unless otherwise stated.
4.1.3.3 Equipment
a. The supplier shall define the equipment in the test procedure.
4.2 Selection of test methods
a. The supplier shall select one or more of the following test methods
depending on the type and size of the samples:
1. Solar absorptance using spectrometer (αs),
NOTE For details and conditions for the samples see
Annex C.2.
2. Comparative test method (αp),
NOTE For details and conditions for the samples see
Annex C.3.
3. Infrared emittance using thermal test methods (eh),
NOTE For details and conditions for the samples see
Annex C.4.
h),
4. Infrared emittance using IR spectrometer (e
NOTE For details and conditions for the samples see
Annex C.5.
5. Infrared emittance using portable equipment (en).
NOTE For details and conditions for the samples see
Annex C.6.
4.3 Quality assurance
4.3.1 Data
a. The supplier shall retain the quality records for ten years or in
accordance with project contract requirements.
NOTE Example of quality records are log sheets.
b. An evaluation report shall be produced in conformance with Annex A
and is a quality record
4.3.2 Calibration
a. The supplier shall calibrate any measuring equipment to traceable
reference standards.
b. The supplier shall record any suspected or actual equipment failure as a
project nonconformance report in conformance with NCR DRD in
ECSS-Q-ST-10-09.
NOTE This is to ensure that previous results can be
examined to ascertain whether or not reinspection
and retesting is necessary.
4.4 Audit of measurement equipment
4.4.1 General
a. The customer shall perform the standard audit according to
ECSS-Q-ST-10.
NOTE 1 The main purpose of a standard audit is to ensure
the validity of test results by comparison of the test
data on identical materials by different test houses.
NOTE 2 The thermo-optical property data from test houses
for the projects of the customer, obtained in the
manner laid down in this Standard, are only
accepted for the projects of the customer if the test
SIST EN 166
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